( )

0
2 0 3
3 0

A = 0 1 0 , B = 2 3 2 .
0 1 2
2 0
5
.
. , .
, D,
PDP-1.

2 0 3
i) A = 0 1 0 .
0 1 2
0
3
2

. ( A 3 ) = 0
1
0 .
0
1
2

P ( ) = det ( A 3 ) =

= (2 )

= ( 2 )(1 )( 2 ) = ( 2 ) (1 )
2

.
2
P ( ) = 0 ( 2 ) (1 ) = 0 , 1 = 2 = 2
2 : m a ( 2 ) = 2 3 = 3
1: m a (1) = 1 .

. 1 = 2 = 2 m a ( 2 ) = 2
, :
0 3 x1 0
x1 0 0


( A 2I3 ) x 2 = 0 0 1 0
x 2 = 0
x 0 0

1 0
3
x 3 0

:

2
0

0
0

0
1
1

0
3 0

0 0 (1) 0

0
0 0

0
1
1

3 0

0 0
0 0

3x 3 = 0 x 2 = 0 ,
x1 x1
1


x 2 = 0 = x1 0 x
x 0
0
3

1

x1 = 1 V ( 2 ) = 0 ,

0
m g ( 2 ) = n rank ( A 2I3 ) = 3 2 = 1 .

, m a ( 2 ) m g ( 2 ) .
3
ii) B = 2
2

0
3
0

0
2 .
5

0
0
3

. ( B I3 ) = 2 3 2 .
2
0
5

:
3
P ( ) = det ( B 3 ) = 2
2

3
0

2 = ( 3 )
53

= (3 ) (5 )
2

.
2
P ( ) = 0 ( 3 ) ( 5 ) = 0 , 1 = 2 = 3
m a ( 3) = 2 3 = 5
ma ( 5) = 1 .

. 1 = 2 = 3 m a ( 3) = 2
:
0 x1 0
x1 0 0 0


( B 3I3 ) x 2 = 0 2 0 2
x 2 = 0
x 0 2 0

2
3
x 3 0
x1 + x 3 = 0 x1 = x 3 .

3.

29  210.38.22.157 495
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3
x1 x 3
1

x 2 = x 2 = x3 0
x x
1
3 3

+ x 2 1 x1 , x 2

x 2 = x 3 = 1 V ( 3) = 0
1

u1
m g ( 3) = n rank ( B 3I3 ) = 3 1 = 2 .

0

, 1
0

u2

m a ( 3) = m g ( 3) (1).
, 3 = 5 :
x 1 0 2
( B 5I3 ) x 2 = 0 2
x 0 2
3

0 x1 0

2 2 x 2 = 0 ,

0
0
x 3 0
2x1 = 0
x=0
:
.

2x1 2x 2 2x 3 = 0
x 2 = x3
0

5.
x1 0
0

x 2 = x 3 = x 3 1 x 3 .
x x
1
3 3

0

x 3 = 1 V ( 5 ) = 1
1

u3
m g = n rank ( B 5I3 ) = 3 2 = 1 . , m a ( 5 ) = m g ( 5 ) (2).
(1) (2) .
1
P = ( u1u 2 u 3 ) = 0
1

1
B = PDP .

0
1
0

0
1
1
1 , P = 1
1
1

0
1
0

0
3 0 0

1 D = 0 3 0 ,
0 0 5
1

3 .. 20 2005-06
:

29  210.38.22.157 495
www.arnos.gr e-mail : info@arnos.gr