f (t )

◗ Theorem 12.18 (Division by t) Let both f (t) and have Laplace transformsand let F(s) denote the transform
t
∞
lim ¿ f (t )
of f (t).If f (t ) exists, thenL( =∫ F (σ)d σ .
t → 0+¿
t
¿ t s

∞
Proof BecauseF(σ) = ∫ f (t) e−σt dt , we integrateF(σ) from s to∞ and
0

∞ ∞ ∞

∫ F (σ ) d σ=∫ ∫ f (t)e−σt dt
s o
[ 0
] dσ .

We reverse the order of integration in the double integral of this equation to

Obtain

∞ ∞ ∞

∫ F (σ ) d σ =∫ ∫ f (t )e−σt d σ
s 0
[ s
] dt

∞
= ∫
0
[ −f (t)
t
e−σt ( ? ) dt ]
∞
f (t) − st f (t )
=∫ e dt =L .
0 t t

Tapos na.

Example 12.21.  Show that   .  

Solution.

If we let , then .  Hence we can differentiate

to obtain the desired result:
            

Example 12.22.  Show that   .

Solution.

We let , then .  Because ,  we can

integrate to obtain the desired result:  

            

Laplace Transform III: Second order equations; completing the square.

Rules: L is linear: L[af(t) + bg(t)] = aF(s) + bG(s)F(s) essentially

determines f(t)s-shift: L[e^{at}f(t)] = F(s-a)t-shift: L[f_a(t)] = e^{-as}

F(s)s-derivative: L[tf(t)] = - F'(s)t-derivative: L[f'(t)] = s F(s) - f(0+)

L[f"(t)] = s^2 F(s) - s f(0+) - f'(0+) (ignoring singularities at t = 0 )

Computations
:
L[1] = 1/s
 L[e^{as}] 1/(s-a)
=
L[cos(omega t)] s/(s^2+omega^2)
=
L[sin(omega t)] omega/(s^2+omega^2)e^{-as}
L[delta(t-a)] =
=

L[t^n] = n!/s^{n+1} , n = 1, 2, 3, ...