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Tracklisting
CD1Track1
Introduction
CD1Track2
Wordsendingin-ibleand-ableinEnglish(e.g.possible,probable)are
similarinPortuguese.ThePortugueseendingis-velor-vel,withthestress
onthe or:possible=possvel.Theunstressedo soundsalmostlikethe
Englishoo.
Pronunciationofrr:horrvel=horrible;terrvel=terrible
confortvel=comfortable;provvel=probable;aceitvel=acceptable
=isoritis
CD1Track3
para =forasinforme;unstresseda soundsliketheaintheEnglish
nameLinda
paramim =forme.Them attheendofawordindicatesthatitisanasal
sound(pronouncedthroughthenose).
osenhor=you(speakingtoaman);asenhora =you(speakingtoa
woman).(Thereisalessformalformvoc,butyouneedtoknowwhenitis
appropriatetouseit;wewilluseosenhor/asenhora inthiscourse.)
CD1Track4
nonotandno( isalsoanasalsound).No goesbefore tomean
notitis=itisnot:nopossvel notitispossible=itisnotpossible.
Toaskaquestion,justraiseyourvoiceattheend:possvel? =Itis
possible?=Isitpossible?
CD1Track5
porque?(literallyforwhat?) =Why?Portuguese-speakersoftenaddque
=isitthatafteraquestionword:Porquequenoaceitvelparao
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senhor? =Forwhatisitthatnotitisacceptableforyou?=Whyisntit
acceptableforyou?
assim =likethat,thatway
CD1Track6
lamento,literallyIlament=Imsorrytheo attheendoflamento
indicatestheverbendingforI.eu=I,butyouonlyneedtousethisifyou
wanttoemphasisewhoisdoingtheaction.
desculpe=excuse(me)
mas=but.Thefinal-s willsounddifferentlydependingonwhatfollowsit.
ItsoundslikethesoftheEnglishmeasurewhenthefollowingwordstarts
withaconsonant(e.g.masno=butitisnot).
sim=yes
Wordsendingin-entand-antinEnglish(e.g.different,important)are
similarinPortuguese.ThePortugueseendingis-enteor-ante.Portuguese
wordsonlyhaveonestressedsyllableperword.Wordsendinginavowel
areusuallystressedonthesyllablebeforelast,soonthea ofimportante:
importante=important.
diferente=different
restaurante=restaurant.Thes heresoundsliketheEnglishshbecause
itsinfrontoft.
Pronunciationofanunstressede:skateoverit.
CD1Track7
bom(masculinething),boa(femininething)=good
muito=very
Pronunciationofs:thes ofmas soundslikeEnglishzwhenthefollowing
wordstartswithavowel(e.g.mas=butitis).
tenho=Ihave
Pronunciationofnh:soundslikeEnglishny.
tenho-o=Ihaveit;quero-o=Iwantit
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agora=now
Positionofitinthenegative:nootenho =notitIhave=Idonthaveit.
constante=constant;evidente=evident;urgente=urgent:
pronunciationofg andur.
CD1Track8
porque=because
tem =youhave
oque (literallythewhat) =what.Inthiscasealso,Portuguese-speakers
oftenaddque:Oquequetem? =Thewhatisitthatyouhave?=What
doyouhave?
o usedformasculinethings;a forfemininethings;o/a =boththeandit
tem-no =youhaveit.Whenyouaddittoyouhaveyouaddann too/
atomakeiteasiertosayafterthenasalsoundoftem:tem-no/tem-na.
Positionofitwithporque:beforeverb(likewithnoandquestionwords):
porque(eu)o/aquero =because(I)itIwant=becauseIwantit;
Porque(que)o/atem? =Why(isitthat)ityouhave?=Whydoyou
haveit?
CD1Track9
quer=youwant.Tomakeiteasiertosay,aneisaddedattheendinyou
wantit= quere-o/a, butyouskateoverit.
CD1Track10
saber=toknow.InPortuguese,thetoform,thewholeverb,endsinr
and,therefore,isalwaysstressedontheending.
querosaber =Iwanttoknow;noquerosaber =notIwanttoknow=I
dontwanttoknow
posso=Ican
pode =youcan.Pronunciation:stresstheo,skateoverthee.In
Portuguese,thestressinthepresenttenseisonthesyllablebeforelast.
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fazer =todo;oquepossofazer? =ThewhatIcantodo?=Whatcan
Ido?
CD1Track11
hoje =today
algo =something
CD1Track12
comer =toeat.Pronunciationofther.
tenhofome=Ihavehunger=Iamhungry;temfome=youarehungry
Pronunciationoftheo:whenstressedshouldsoundliketheoofEnglish
not,andwhennotstressedshouldsoundalmostliketheEnglishoo,asin
food.
CD2Track1
Englishwordsendingin-aryendin-rio inPortuguese:necessary=
necessrio;contrary=contrrio;vocabulary=vocabulrio.Portugueseu
soundslikeEnglishoo,notlikeyew.
precisode (literallyIpreciseof)=Ineed.Withprecisode,ifyouwantto
sayIneedit,theitwillnotbeo/a butdele (foramasculinething)and
dela (forafemininething).Dele/dela =de (of)+ele/ela (he/sheor
it).
noprecisodele =Idontneedit.Althoughwehaveno,itdoesntgo
beforetheverb,becausethePortugueseisneedofit.
e =and
CD2Track2
ver =tosee
v-lo/v-la = toseeit.Whenyouattachtheittothetoformofthe
verb,itdropsthefinalr andtheo/aturnsintolo/la tomakeiteasier
tosay.
nooquerover(=notitIwanttosee)meansthesameas noquerov-
lo=notIwanttoseeit=Idontwanttoseeit.Iftherearetwoormore
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consecutiveverbsinasentence,thesecondandsubsequentverbswillbein
thefullform(thetoforminEnglish):querover =Iwanttosee.
faz-lo/faz-la = todoit
CD2Track3
WordsinEnglishendingin-enceand-anceendin-ncia (-ena)and
-ncia inPortuguese:influence=influncia;preference=preferncia;
difference=diferena;importance=importncia.
Mostwordsendingwiththeletter-a arefeminineandmostwordsending
withtheletter-o aremasculine.
adiferena =thedifference;umadiferena =adifference
que =what:Queprefernciatem? =Whatpreferencedoyouhave?Tem
preferncia? =Doyouhaveapreference?(noainPortuguese)
porque =forwhat:Porquerestaurantetempreferncia? =Forwhat
restaurantdoyouhaveapreference?
estanoite =thisnight=tonight
CD2Track4
onde =where
jantar=todine=tohavedinner
Wordsendingin-tioninEnglishendin-o inPortuguese:condition=
condio;nation =nao;situation=situao;organization =
organizao.The of-o soundslikes,notk.The-o endingisalways
stressedinPortuguese.
Pronunciation: single-s- betweentwovowelssoundslikeaz:posio =
position
OneEnglish-tionwordthatdoesnotendin-o inPortuguese:
reservation=reserva
Forfemininethings:a =the;uma =a;formasculinethings:
o =the;um =a
CD2Track5
de=of;do/da =ofthe,from=de (of)+o/a(=the):dareserva =
ofthereservation.Forthepluraljustadds.
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dum/duma =de (of)+um/uma(=a)=ofa:dumareserva =ofa
reservation.Whenyouaddstomaketheplural,thesenseissome.
confirmao =confirmation:Pronunciationofir:pronouncetheiandther
separately.irinPortuguesedoesnotsoundlikeirinEnglish.
tipo =kind/type:quetipode =whattypeof
CD2Track6
Therearesome-tionwordsthatendin-o butareslightlydifferentfrom
theEnglish:translation=traduo;explanation=explicao.Mostwords
thatendin-ioninEnglishandin-o inPortuguesearefemininewords,
forwhichtheisa.
Politerequests:pode? =canyou?=willyou?:Podefazeruma
traduoparamim? =Youcantodoatranslationforme?=Willyoudoa
translationforme?
porfavor =forfavour=please
Pronunciationofx.
dar =togive
CD2Track7
VerbsthatcomefromnounsthataresimilarinEnglishandPortuguese(e.g.
formation= formao)willalsobesimilarinthetwolanguages.Tomake
theverbinPortuguese,youjustadd-ar totheEnglishverb:toform=
formar;toconfirm=confirmar.
Thewholeformofaverb,theinfinitive,isexpressedwithtoinEnglish(for
example,toeat).InPortuguese,itisexpressedinanending.Thereare
fourendings:-ar (falar=tospeak),-er (comer=toeat),-ir (sair=to
leave/togoout)and-or (pr=toput).
impresso =impression
CD2Track8
aqui=here.Likeassim,aquiisstressedonthelastsyllablebecause
Portuguesewordswithi oru inthelastsyllablearestressedonthatlast
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syllable.Wordsendingin-l arealsostressedonthelastsyllable:Portugal;
Brasil;Funchal;Miguel.
Wordsthatendin-r,-l,-i orhavei oru inthelastsyllableandarenot
stressedonthatlastsyllablehaveawrittenaccenttoshowwherethestress
goes:possvel;provvel.
Pronunciationof ss:likeEnglishs.
Pluralofit:os/as =them;v-los/v-las =toseethem
o(masculine)anda (feminine)notonlymeanstheanditinEnglishbut
alsocanbeusedtorefertoosenhor/asenhora.So,toseeyou(you =o
senhor/asenhora)isv-lo/v-la.Forthepluraljustadds.
me= me:ver-me =toseeme
CD2Track9
compreender=tounderstand
dizer =tosay,totell
lhe (sameformformasculineandfeminine)=(to)you:dizer-lhe =totell
you
Pronunciationoflh:similartoEnglishy
podedizer-me andpodemedizer (=willyoutellme)arebothcorrect;the
secondismorecommon.
CD2Track10
isto =this(ingeneral)
comprar =tobuy
CD3Track1
Revision
CD3Track2
caro(masculinething),cara (femininething)=expensive:muitocaro =
itisveryexpensive
ter=tohave
CD3Track3
InEnglishtohavetohasthesamemeaningasmust.InPortugueseto
expressthatmeaningyouaddde toter:terde =tohaveof=must;tenho
de =Ihaveto/Imust;tenhodeofazer =Ihaveofittodo=Ihaveto
doit;temde =youhaveto,youmust
daquiapouco =fromheretolittle=soon
quando? =when?:Quandotemdesair? =Whendoyouhavetogoout?
CD3Track4
Wordsendingin-icaland-icinEnglishendin-ico inPortuguese:
political=poltico;economic=econmico;logical=lgico;practical=
prtico.
Portuguesewordsendingina,e oro andm ors arestressedonthe
syllablebeforelast;ifnot,theyhaveawrittenaccent(e.g.Jos,Canad).
CD3Track5
InPortuguesetosaythepoliticalsituationyouinverttheorderandsaythe
situationpolitical:asituaopoltica.Thewordpoltico changestopoltica
becausesituao isafeminineword.
Wordsendingin-tyinEnglishendin-dade inPortugueseandareall
femininewords:university=universidade;city=cidade;society=
sociedade.
em=in;emPortugal =inPortugal.InPortuguese,theisusedinfrontof
thenamesofmostcountries(Portugal isoneexception):aItlia (feminine
word);oBrasil(masculineword).
no =em(in)+o (the)=in(the):noBrasil;na =em(in)+a (the)=
in(the):naItlia
CD3Track6
quanto? =howmuch?:quanto? =Quanto? =Howmuchisit?
se =if:sepossvel =ifpossible;senomuitocaro =ifitisnotvery
expensive
estou =Iam
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ocupado(man)/ocupada (woman)=occupied,busy:estouocupado/
ocupada =Iambusy
cansado/cansada =tired
CD3Track7
est=youare
casa=house:estacasa =thishouse
estar=tobe
como=how:Comoest? =Howareyou?
dia(masculineword)=day:bomdia =goodday,hello
CD3Track8
vou=Iamgoing:vouestar =Iamgoingtobe
novoucompr-lo/compr-la =noo/avoucomprar =Iamnotgoing
tobuyit
CD3Track9
tarde=late;
maisoumenos=moreorless
maistarde =morelate=later
tarde(feminineword)=afternoon,evening:boatarde =goodafternoon
/evening
CD3Track10
ligar=tocall,toring:ligar-lhe=tocalltoyou=tocallyou
a =at;hora =hour:aquehoras? =atwhathours?=atwhattime?
CD4Track1
Forallverbs,inPortuguese,theformforyouisthesameasforhe/she/
it:vai =youaregoingtotoandhe/she/itisgoingto.Useaclarifierif
itisnotclearwhomyouaretalkingaboutorifyouwanttoaddemphasis:
ele (he),ela (she)orosenhor/asenhora (you)tomakeitclear:elavai
faz-lo =sheisgoingtodoit;elevaifaz-lo =heisgoingtodoit;
osenhorvaifaz-lo =youaregoingtodoit;asenhoravaifaz-lo =
youaregoingtodoit.
Pronunciationofele andela:initiale pronounceddifferentlybecausethe
followingvowelaffectsthewaythefirstoneispronounced.
CD4Track2
pronto/pronta=ready
tudo=all,everything
amanh=tomorrow
Wordorder:Tudovaiestarprontoamanh(allisgoingtobeready
tomorrow)= Vaiestartudoprontoamanh(itisgoingtobeallready
tomorrow).Nodifferenceinmeaning;bothwaysarecorrect.
CD4Track3
InPortuguese,therearetwoverbsfortobe:estar (estou;est)andser
().Estar expressesatemporaryattributeofsomething:estpronto =itis
ready.Ser expressesapermanentcharacteristic:possvel =itispossible.
Estar expressestobeatthemoment,intheshortterm:howsomethingis,
wheresomethingis:somethingscurrentstate.(Oneofthemeaningsofthe
Portuguesewordestado isstate:OsEstadosUnidosdoBrasil =The
UnitedStatesofBrazil.)Theverbser expressesthecharacteristicsofwhat
somethingisandonemeaningofthewordser isbeing(asinhuman
being):oserhumano =thehumanbeing.
sou =Iam
ingls (masculineformandalsothenameofthelanguage)/inglesa
(feminineform)=English;portugus/portuguesa =Portuguese
AsarulefirstnamesinPortugueseareprecededbythe:oPaulo =the
Paulo=Paulo;aMaria=theMaria=Maria.
sei =Iknow
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CD4Track4
doente=ill
bonito/bonita =pretty
preparao=preparation;preparar =toprepare
Muito alsomeansmuchorverymuch.TosaythankyouinPortuguese
yousaythatyouareobliged=obrigado/obrigada:muitoobrigado (if
youareaman)/muitoobrigada (ifyouareawoman)=thankyouvery
much.
CD4Track5
Revisionofverbs
com =with:comosenhor/asenhora =withyou;comele/ela =with
him/her
comigo =withme
vir =tocome
CD4Track6
ir =togo
Stressinthepresenttenseisonthesyllablebeforelast(thepenultimate
syllable).Ifthereareonlytwosyllables,youstressthefirstsyllable.ForI,
youpushdownonthesyllablebeforelastandusuallysurfaceontheletter
-o (pronouncedoo).Takeofftheending(-ar,-er,-ir)ofthetoformofthe
verb(thewholeverb/theinfinitive)andreplaceitwithan-o:preparar:
preparo =Iprepare;comprar:compro =Ibuy;falar:falo =Ispeak;
compreender: compreendo =Iunderstand; vender=tosell;vendo =I
sell.
Onlyafewverbsdonotsurfaceon-o fortheIform:ser:sou =Iam;
estar:estou =Iam;ir:vou =Igo;dar:dou =Igiveandsaber:sei =I
know.
CD4Track7
Revisionof o/a
compro-o coversallthesensesIbuyit/Iambuyingit/Idobuyit.
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CD4Track8
escrever=towrite;escrevo =Iwrite
todososdias =allthedays=everyday;pronunciationofs
Fortheyou/he/she/itforminthepresenttenseofthe-ar verbsyou
pushdownonthesyllablebeforelastandsurfaceontheletter-a:comprar:
compra =you/he/she/itbuys;preparar:prepara =you/he/she/it
prepares;falar:fala =you/he/she/itspeaks;
Fortheyou/he/she/itformofthenot-ar verbsyoupushdownonthe
syllablebeforelastandsurfaceontheletter-e:vender:vende =you/he/
she/itsells;compreender:compreende =you/he/she/itunderstands;
escrever:escreve =you/he/she/itsells;partir:parte =you/he/she/
itleaves.
CD4Track9
saber:sabe=you/he/she/itknows
Throughover-usesomeverbsinthe-er grouphavedroppedthe-e atthe
endoftheyou/he/she/itform:fazer:faz=you/he/she/itdoes;
querer:quer=you/he/she/itwants;ter:tem=you/he/she/ithas.
sair:sai=you/he/she/itleaves;vai =you/he/she/itgo
CD5Track1
ThePortuguese-ingtenseexpresseswhatyouareintheprocessofdoing
rightnow.Toformityouuseestar(tobeinthepresenttense)+ a (at)+
thetoformoftheverb:estouasair=Iam(intheprocessof)goingout;
estouaescrever=Iam(intheprocessof)writing;Oqueestafazer? =
Whatareyoudoing?
diz =you/he/she/itsays
quererdizer=towanttosayandtomean:Oque(osenhor/a
senhora)querdizer? =Whatdoyouwanttosay?,Whatdoyoumean?
isto =this:Oquequerdizeristo?=Thewhatmeansthis?=Whatdoes
thismean?
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CD5Track2
Revisionofthe-ar,-er and-ir verbs
CD5Track3
quem? =who?:Quempodefaz-lo? =Whocandoit?
todaagente =allthepeople=everyone,everybody
gostarde =tolike(of)(o unstressed,sopronouncedoo);gostode=I
like(of)(firsto stressed,sopronouncedlikeoofnot);gostodele/dela
=Ilikeit/him/her;gostodev-lo/v-la =Ilikeoftoseeyou/it/
him/her=Iliketoseeyou/it/him/her;gosto =Ilike:gostomuito =
Ilikeverymuch=Ilikeitverymuch;gostomuitodeescrever =Ilikevery
muchtowrite;gosta? =doyoulike?;Gostadeescrever?=Doyoulike
towrite?
CD5Track4
Forthethey(andyouall)formofverbsinthepresent,youjustaddan
-m (them makesitanasalsound)afterthe-a or-e ofyou/he/she/it
dependingonwhichtrackyouareon:fala:falam =theyspeak;compra:
compram =theybuy;pode:podem =theycan;compreende:
compreendem =theyunderstand;sabe:sabem =theyknow.
CD5Track5
Withthenot-ar verbsthatlosttheir-e ending,youaddbackthe-e before
addingthe-m toshowthey/youall:faz:fazem =theydo/make; diz:
dizem =theysay.Pronunciationofthez.
quer:querem =they/youwant
sai:saiem =they/youleave
tem:tm =they/youhave
Becausethethey/youallformendswith-m,theo/aoros/as forit/
them/youchangestono/na/nos/nas:fazem-no(theyaredoingit);
vendem-nas(theyaresellingthem).
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CD5Track6
Revisionofpresenttense
CD5Track7
ThereareseveralwordsforyouinPortuguese.Withfriendsandfamily
members,Portuguesespeakersusetheinformalform:tu.Inthepresent
tense,toobtainthetu formyouaddan-s totheyou(formal)/he/she/
itform(justasyoudidwiththe-m forthetheyform):fala:falas =you
speak;est:ests =youare;vende:vendes =yousell;compreende:
compreendes =yousell;faz:fazes =youdo.
este (formasculinethings)/esta (forfemininethings)=this:estelivro =
thisbook;estacasa=thishouse.Forthepluralyoujustadd-s:estes/
estas =these.
CD5Track8
Ifyouswitchtracksinthepresenttense(from-a to-e orfrom-e to-a),that
givesyoutheimperative(thecommandtense):compra:compre! =buy!;
vende:venda! =sell!;vendem:vendam! =sell!(addressingaagroup);
falam:falem! =speak!(addressingagroup).
Withtu (theinformalyou,foraddressingRoberto/Roberta)thisalso
appliesbutonlyinnegativecommands:novendes=youdontsell; no
vendas! =dontsell!.Forthepositivecommandsyoudropthes:vendes
=yousell;vende! =sell!
Ifyouusethepositivecommandwithapronoun(e.g.me,him,it,
them),hookthepronounontotheendoftheverb.Iftheverbendsin-m
thenyouaddann tothepronoun:vendam-nas! =sellthem!(talking
aboutseveralfemininethings).
CD5Track9
Fortheweformoftheverbinthepresenttense:dropthe-r oftheto
form,thewholeverb,andadd-mos:falar:falamos =wespeak;comer:
comemos =weeat;sair:samos =weleave.
vir:vimos =wecome;vender:vendemos =wesell;escrever:escrevemos
=wewrite;ter:temos =wehave;fazer:fazemos =wedo/make.
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Iftheweformisfollowedbyapronoun(e.g.me,him,it,them),thes
of-mos isdroppedandweputanl infrontoftheo/a oros/as,tomake
iteasiertosay:fazemo-lo =wedoit.
CD5Track10
Theverbir (=togo)isabitspecialandtheweandthey/youallforms
dontexactlyfollowtherule:vamos =wego;vo =they/yougo.
chegar =toarrive;chegadas =arrivals
Lisboa =Lisbon:chegaraLisboa =toarriveinLisbon
CD5Track11
pr (toput)istheoneverbthatformsthefamilyofverbsthatendsin-or.
The-or verbs,thefourthgroup,isverysmall.Itcomprisespr andallthe
verbsformedwithit,thatis,verbsthatendwith-por inPortugueseandthat
inEnglishendwith-pose:opor =tooppose;supor =tosuppose;
compor =tocompose.
ponho =Iput;suponho =Isuppose
CD6Track1
The-zer verbs:fazer =todo;dizer =tosay;trazer =tobring.IntheI
forminthepresenttensetheyalsoendino butthereisachangeof
consonant:fazer:fao =Ido;dizer:digo =Isay;trazer:trago =Ibring.
Forthisreasonwecallthemtheo-go verbs.
digo-lhe=Iamtellingyou/Itellhim/her.
trago-o=Iambringingit,buttheocanalsorefertoaperson,Iam
bringinghim.
traz =you/he/she/itbrings;trazem =theybring,youbring
(addressingseveralpeople)
Informalyouform(tu): dizes =yousay;trazes =youbring
dizemos =wesay;trazemos =webring
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CD6Track2
Verbsendingin -nhointheIformofthepresenttensechangeto-nhain
thecommandtense:ponho:ponha! =put!;tenho:tenha! =have!;
venho:venha! =come!.Thesameappliesifaddressingaagroup(youall).
Toavoidthecommandtenseyoucanalwaysusethestructure:pode+
wholeverb,thetoform:Podep-loaqui,porfavor?=Can/willyouput
ithere,please?
CD6Track3
The-zerverbs(o-go verbs)alsochangefrom-o to-a inthecommand
tenseforthesingularyou(osenhor/asenhora)andpluralyou(=you
all).YoutaketheIformofthepresenttenseandchangethefinal-o to-a:
digo:diga! =sayit!;fao:faa! =doit!;trago:traga! =bring!So
theo-go verbschangetoa-ga inthecommandtense.
diga-me! =tellme!;nomediga! =donttellme!;diga-oemportugus!
=SayitinPortuguese!;diga-lhe!= tellhim/her!
tragam-no! =bringit!(addressingaagroup);nootragam! =dont
bringit1
noofaas! =dontdoit!(addressingRoberto/Roberta=tu form)
CD6Track4
ligue-me! =callme!;nomeligues! =dontcallme!(addressingRoberto
/Roberta)
nomedigas! =donttellme!(addressingRoberto/Roberta)
Thereisonlyonecasewhenyoudontswitchtracksinthecommandtense:
whenyougiveapositivecommandinthetu form.Youdontswitchtracks
andyoudontadds;youactuallyuseaformwhichisexactlythesameas
theyou(formal)/he/she/itformofthepresenttense:liga-me! =call
me!;compra-o! =buyit!;vende-o! =sellit!
CD6Track5
tens=youhave;vens=youcome(addressingRoberto/Roberta)
vm =youcome(addressingagroup)
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comear=tostart;comeo =Istart;comea =you(formal)/he/she/
itstarts;comeas =youstart(addressingRoberto/Roberta);comeamos
=westart;comeam =they/you(all)start
CD6Track6
pensar=tothink,toplan;oquepensafazer?=whatdoyouplantodo?
te =you(addressingRoberto/Roberta);notecompreendo =Idont
understandyou;notecompreendemos=wedontunderstandyou
contigo =withyou(addressingRoberto/Roberta):Possofalarportugus
contigo? =CanIspeakPortuguesewithyou?
lento =slowly;maislento =moreslowly:Podefalarmaislento,porfavor?
=Canyouspeakmoreslowly,please?
CD6Track7
encontrar=tofind
encontro =Ifind;nooencontro =Idontfindit
o/umencontro =the/ameeting
Theverbfortobemeaningtobe(permanently)situated:ficar
Ondeficaacasa?=Whereisthehouse?;ficanoBrasil =itis(situated)
inBrazil
CD6Track8
levantar=toliftup;levanto-me=Iliftmyselfup=Igetup
levantamos =weareliftingup;nos =ourselves:levantamo-nos =wegetup
levantamo-los =weareliftingthemup
Aquehorasnoslevantamos? =Whattimearewegettingup?
levantas-te =youaregettingup(addressingRoberto/Roberta):aque
horastelevantas? =Whattimedoyougetup/areyougettingup?
se =himself/herself/itself/yourself(referringtoosenhor/asenhora)/
themselves/yourselves
ele/elalevanta-se =he/shegetsup;osenhor/asenhoralevanta-se =
yougetup;levantam-se =theygetup/yougetup(addressingagroup)
26
CD6Track9
voulevantar-me=Iamgoingtogetup;tenhodelevantar-me =Ihaveto
getup
vamoslevantar-nos=wearegoingtogetup;temosdelevantar-nos =
wehavetogetup
temdeselevantar=temdelevantar-se=he/shehasto/youhaveto
getup
levantar-se isalsothetoform(theinfinitive)oftheverb
temdeolevantar =temdelevant-lo=hehastoliftit/himup
CD6Track10
ficar=tobe,tostay
fico=Istay,Iremain:ficoaqui =Iamstayinghere
quantotempo? =howmuchtime?=howlong?
quantos?=howmany?:Quantosdiasfica/ficasaqui?=Howmanydays
areyoustayinghere?
uns (pluralofum =a/one,formasculinethings)=afew,some
umas (pluralofuma =a/one,forfemininethings)=afew,some
ficamosunsdias=wearestayingafewdays;vamosficarumashoras =
wearegoingtostayafewhours
fique =stay:fiqueunsdias! =stayafewdays!
Likedia,asmallnumberofwordsinPortugueseendina butare
masculine:oproblema =theproblem;osistema =thesystem;odrama
=thedrama.
CD7Track1
h =thereis,thereare:nohproblema =thereisnoproblem
muito/muita =many:muitagente =manypeople
vemo-nos =wemeet/weseeeachother.Thisnoshastwomeanings:it
canmeanweseeourselvesbutitcanalsomeanweseeeachother,when
ithasasenseofreciprocity.
Revisionofthepositionofthepronoun
27
CD7Track2
InPortuguese,youoftenusethepresenttensetoindicatethefuture.Icall
you(ringyou)tomorrowiscorrectPortuguese,whereasinEnglishyou
wouldsayIllcallyoutomorrow.Butifyouusethepresenttensetomean
thefuture,youneedtoaddsometimeindication,likemaistarde =later;
amanh =tomorrow,toshowthatitisthefuture.
Youcanalsousethetobegoingtoformtoexpressthefuture,whichin
Portugueseismadeupoftheverbir (=togo)inthepresenttense+the
toformoftheverb:vouligar-teestanoite=Iamgoingtocallyouthis
evening.
AnotherwaytoconveythefutureinEnglishisbyusingwill.Tomakethis
forminPortuguese,youtakethewholeverb(thetoform/theinfinitive)
andaddtheending-eiforIand-emosforwe.
InthefuturetenseinPortugueseyouhittheending.
falar:falarei=Iwillspeak
comer:comerei=Iwilleat
comear:comearemos=wewillstart(pronunciation:stressthere)
partir:partiremos=wewillleave
CD7Track3
esperar =towait,tohope;espero =Ihope/wait;esperarei =Iwill
hope/wait;esperaremos=wewillhope/wait
ficarei =Iwillstay
InthefuturetenseinPortuguese,whenyouaddapronoun(likeit,him,
her,you)tothephrase,youendupwithasandwich,becauseyouhave
toputthepronounbetweentheverbandtheending:compr-lo-ei =Iwill
buyit.Onewaytoavoidthisdifficultmouthfulisbyusingthegoingto
futureinstead:voucompr-lo =Iamgoingtobuyit;vaisligar-me =you
aregoingtocallme(addressingRoberto/Roberta).
CD7Track4
Theremainingendingsofthefuturetense(withwill)are:-s foryou
(informal); - foryou(formal)/he/she/itand-o foryouallandthey.
28
comprars =youwillbuy(addressingRoberto/Roberta);comprar =
youwillbuy;compraro =youall/theywillbuy
CD7Track5
demasiado =toomuch:demasiadocaro =itistooexpensive
TheendingsofthefuturetenseinPortuguesearethesameforallverbs.
Estareiaquiumashoras =Iwillbehereafewhours.
CD7Track6
ser =itwillbe
irei =Iwillgo
CD7Track7
The-zer verbs(o-go verbsinthepresenttense)gotheirownwayinthe
future.Fortheseverbsyoudontusethewholeverb,ratheryoudropthe
-zer andadd-rei,-rs-r;-remos,-ro.
fazer:farei =Iwilldo;far=you(formal)he/she/itwilldo;fars=
you(informal)willdo;faremos=wewilldo;faro=youall/theywill
do
dizer:direi =Iwillsay;dir=you(formal)he/she/itwillsay;dirs=
you(informal)willsay;diremos=wewillsay;diro=youall/theywill
say
trazer:trarei =Iwillbring;trar=you(formal)he/she/itwillbring;
trars=you(informal)willbring;traremos=wewillbring;traro=you
all/theywillbring
CD7Track8
Doublenegative
nada =nothing;notraremosnada=wewillnotbringnothing=wewill
notbringanything
29
CD7Track9
Whatappliesforthefuturetense(withwill)appliestowould,the
conditional.TheendingsinPortugueseare-ria,-rias,-ria,-ramos,-riam.
serianecessrio=itwouldbenecessary
faria=Iwoulddo
Thesandwichalsoapplies:f-lo-ia=Iwoulddoit
CD7Track10
ter:terei =Iwillhave;ter =he/she/it/youwillhave;teria =I/he/
she/it/youwouldhave
TwowaysofsayingIwouldlike:gostariade =Iwouldlike(of):gostaria
dev-lo=Iwouldliketoseeit;queria =Iwanted=Iwouldlike:queria
v-lo =Iwouldliketoseeit
CD7Track11
Thepasttense(toexpresssomethingthathappenedonceandisfinished):
forIinthepastwehittheending:pastislast.Takeoffthe-ar/-er/-ir
andaddtheending-ei onthe-ar trackand-i onthe-er and-ir tracks:
comprar: comprei =Ibought/havebought;vender: vendi =Isold/have
sold;partir:parti =Ileft/haveleft.
Foryou(formal)/he/she/ityouhittheendingagain.Takeoffthe-ar/
-er/-ir andaddtheending -ouonthe-ar track,-eu onthe-er trackand-iu
onthe-ir track: elecomprou = hebought/hasbought;elevendeu=he
sold/hassold;elepartiuheleft/hasleft.
ontem =yesterday
CD7Track12
Forweinthepasttensejustreplacethe-r ofthewholeverbendingwith
-mos,whichmakesthepasttenseforwesoundthesameasthepresent.
CD8Track1
Foryouallandtheyinthepasttenseyoujustadd-am tothewholeverb:
compraram,venderam,partiram.
30
Foryou(addressingRoberto/Roberta=tu form)inthepasttenseyou
usethes oftheverbendingofthepresenttenseandthete meaningyou
andcombinethemintheending-ste whichyouaddtothewholeverbafter
takingoffthe-r:compraste,vendeste,partiste.
CD8Track2
Practicewiththepasttense
CD8Track3
Sim,gostei. =Yes,Ilikedit.InPortuguese,theitisomitted.
CD8Track4
esperar =towait,tohope.InPortugueseyoudontneedtosayfor:
espero-o =Iamawaitingyou=Iamwaitingforyou;espera-o =heis
waitingforyou;esperam-me =theyarewaitingforme
CD8Track5
esperemos! =letswait!;comamos! =letseat!
CD8Track6
perguntar =toask:gostariadeperguntar =Iwouldliketoask;
perguntar-lhe =toaskyou;dizer-lhe =totellyou
para =for,inorderto:paraperguntar =inordertoask;paralhe
perguntar /paraperguntar-lhe=toaskyou/him/her
CD8Track7
chegar:chega =you(formal)/he/she/itarrives;cheguei =Iarrived
acabarde =tofinish(of):acabodechegar/acabeidechegar =Ihave
justarrived
acabodechegaraquihunsdias =Ijustarrivedhereafewdaysago
31
CD8Track8
DifferencesbetweenBrazilianandEuropeanPortuguese
Differencesinpronunciationofvowels:vowelssoundmoreopenin
BrazilianPortuguese
Differencesinpronunciationofconsonants:thefinall ands,thes beforea
t;dandt beforeane andi,theinitialr
Differencesinusageofpronouns
TheequivalentinusagetotheinformalyouinBrazilisvoc. (Thetu form
isusedtoaddressGod.)
EuropeanPortuguese: notecompreendo;aquehorastelevantas?
BrazilianPortuguese: nocompreendovoc;aquehorasvocselevanta?
Differenceswhenexpressingthecontinuoustense(tobeintheprocessof
doing):EuropeanPortuguese: estouaescrever;BrazilianPortuguese:
estouescrevendo
Differencesinvocabulary:botar forpr,todoomundo fortodaagente
Readingofatexttoillustratethedifferences
32
33
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