The Alphabet

teil

ti:l

A
H

C
D
E

lel
F

lail

L
M

Always Be CooL
!on't have Ego with Friends and Family.
Give up Hurting Individuals.
Just Keep Loving Mankind.
Never Omit Prayers.
Quietly Remember God.
Speak Truth.
Use Valid Words.
Xpress Your 7*al.

leul

lu:l

o
U

tol
R

BASICS
Alphabet:
A,^8, C, D, E, F, G, H,I, J' K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W'
Vowels:

ffirent

x,-Y'Z'

soun$ryttbtuyqldt
rrarr has a short
Here
long
a
has
Here
broad
a
has
Here "u,
similar to
sound similar to "aw" as sound similar to "a" as sound
rrarr

in "law"

in "d

the sound in "bat"

Father

Family

Fall
Mall

PIate
Date
Fate
Rate (r atdl pr e! tari f/curs)

Tal1

Mate

A11

Dance
Rather

Man
Tan (bronz-al P\elirla

sounds within words

*" h"v. tht& different
rterr has a short Here "e" has a sound
Here "e, has a long Here
to the "ir" or
sound similar to "ee" as sound similar to the similar

in "meef'

sound in "bet"

"ur" sounds in

Me

Red
Bed
Mess (a murddri/
dezordine)

Her
Mother
Sister
Rather

Men

Bitter

Theme
We
Be
Breed

t ft"r t*" Aifzuent

Here

"i"

has a short sound

sounds

withlllyglds

"ie" or "y"

Hit
Slim
Tin ( tabld/cutie de conservd)
Flip (a lovi ugor/bob6rnac)

mimd)

Here "o,, has

sound

ffientso@
rrorr

long Here
sound

a long sound similar to

sounds in "Pie" and "

H.t.'?'has
Ice
Nice

Sit (sit down)

"stid'

Kind
Mime ( a mima/mim, actor de Panto-

has a short Here "o" has a broad

sound similar to "au"

Some
lNone

Home
Bone

I Cot (pdtu!/cdsu\d/caban1t)

lPlot

bolt5/ | Won (past,past p. of win) | Rot (a putrezi, azace'

acoperiq)
lclove
linchis)
(past
(a

Dome (cupo16,
Hone

of set

Got

ascuti

U has two different sounds within words

Here "u" has a long sound
Here "u" has a short sound
Use
Fun
University
Run
Human
Sun
Bun (chec cu stafide/urechild-in basm) Punitive (aspru/sever)
Tune (acord, armonie/dispozilie-bund)
Album
Vowels Combos

AI

AU

The sound of this vowels combos

resembles the long "a" sound in "sane"
and "male"

This vowel combo usually precedes

Rain
Sail

Daughter
Caught
Haughty (arogant)
Taught (past teach)

Wait
Mail
Fail

"ght"

EA

EE
Here the "ee" combo has a
long sound similar to"ea"
in "treat";

Here the "ea" combo has

a short sound similar to
the "e" in t'let"; note an
exception: the long "a"
sound in "great,,

Here the "ea" combo

has a long sound

Dead
Head
Read (past tense and past

Read (infinitive)
Seat
Leave

Feet
Sheet
Heel

participle)
Great

Meat
Treat
Lead

Meet
Knee

similar to "ee" in
"keep"; note an
exception: the long "a"
sound in "great,,

oo
OA
The sound of the combo "oo" and the
Another sound for "oa" can be found
t'tune" and "dune" are the
in "broad" and approximates the sound "u" sound in
same
"a$/'in "raw"
Food
Moon
Soon
Cool

Goal
Load
Road
Moat (qanfl
Abroad

Tool

OY
The "oi" and "oy" combos sound the same

OI

Toy
Boy

Poison
Noise
Soil

Joy

Allov
OU
In most cases, the combo
"orl" has a sound similar
to "ow" in "how" or

Here the "ou" combo in

front of "gh" has the
"uff' sound in "cuff'

"now"

1.

Here the "ou" combo in

front of "gh" has the
"ow" sound in "how" or
"no\try'"

House

Hour
Foul
Mouse

Enough
Rough
Tough

Bough (ramurl)
2.
Here the "ou" combo in
front of "gh" has the
long "o" sound in "toe"
Dough (cocd, aluat)
3.

Here the "ou" combo in

front of"gh" has a broad
similar sound to "au" in
"taught"
Cough ( a tuqi)
4.

Here the "ou" combo in

front of "gh" has the
long "oo" sound in "tool"

Throueh

Consonants

"b,

"c" or "k" Note the soft "c" or "s"

front of a sound in front of the

has the same sound Note the hard

wherever
word

it occurs in a sound in

consonant or the vowels vowels "e"'and

"i"

"a","oi'o and "u"

Baby
Bear
I

Cider
Ice
Nice
Mice

Cat
Crocodile
Cut
Coward
Car

Bull
Big
Robber

il

il

"d"

"f'

Dirt

Feed
Funnel (pAlnie)
Fan

has the same sound wherever it

has the same sound wherever it
occurs in a word
occurs in a word
Duck
Foot

Add
Could

Rude

Note the hard sound in

front ofa consonant or
the vowels"d" r "o" and
"u", and somgtimes "o,

Gas
l

Get
Gun
Goose (g6scd)
Green

Note, in certain cases With few exceptions, "h" is

pronounced at the beginning
the soft "g" sound
)'e,)
of a word
front of an
)"i)'
and "y'', similar to'J"
in "iam..
Page
Hat
Magic
Hammock (hamac)
Gym
Hear
High
Gin
Gem
Honey

i
l
l
l

j
I
I

'J" has the same sound as "k" has the same sound
the soft "g" in words like as the hard "c" in words
gtm and gem
like card and court

When "1" is followed by

a final consonant like "d"
or "m", it has a softer,
almost silent, sound:

"calm"
I

Job

Karate
Kangaroo

Lamb
Slow

Major

Kilo

Lion

Jump

Kurdish

Would
Calm

Jail

M
Mad
Microscope
Melon (pepene)
Motor
Musician

d wherever they occur in a word

Part

Napa
Nose
Negative
Number

Pass
Pear
Pet

Apple

Nisht

R
As in most languages "q" The "r" in English is
pronounced much closer
is always followed by a
to the front of mouth that
"u"; when pronounced
together, they sound like in other languages

In most cases, "s" sound

the same wherever it
occurs in a word

,rkwD

Queen

Quit
Quest
Quota (cot6, procentaj)
Ouestion

Rich
Right
Rent
Marble
Laboratory

T
In most cases "f'
sounds the same
wherever it occurs in a
word
1.

Vast

Telegram

very

Tell

Victory
Television

"f

Sad

Sold
Nose
Goose

"v,, sounds the same.

wherever it occurs in a
word

Tail

is followed
2. when
by an "ion" as in
"nation" or "station" it
has an "sh" sound

silk

"w"

sounds the same

wherever it ocsurs in a
word, except when it
comes last and is
preceded by a vowel-law,

few
Wine
War
Water
Wool

Avenue ( bulevard, alee

cu pomi cdtre o, casd)

Nation
Station

l
t

Mix

Y
Remember that "y" can
be both a consonant and
a vowel in Enelish
Year
You
Young

Mexico

Yel1ow

At the beginning of a
word "x" has a"z"
sound: "xylophone"
Taxi
Sixth

Z
"2" is normally found in
first positions in English
Zoo
Zebra
Zeto
Zone

Consonants Combos

GH

CH
This consonant combo has the same
sound at the beginning or end of a
word
Inch (1 inch:2.54 cm)
Chocolate
Chew (a mesteca)
Chewing sum

"gh" at the end of a word can have

either the sound

or be silent

Enough
Laugh
Through
Doush (aluat)

KN
The "k" is silent in this
consonant combo

"f'

This combo is quite

common in English

NG
When followed by an "e"
the "g,, in the consonant

Knee

Bring

combo has a soft'J"

sound
Danger

Knife
Knight

Engine

Angel

King

Doorknob
Know

Song

Change
Range
Strange

Anger

PH
The "ph" combo has the sound "f,,
Pharmacy
Phase
Philosophy
Photo
Telephone

PS

The "p,, is silent in the consonant

combo
Psyche

Psychiatrist
Psychology
Psychologist
Psychic
SC

SH

Il

The "c" in this

combination is
pronorm.ced hard as a "k"
sound before an "a", "o,,
or "u"
Scare
Score
Scum (scursurS)

The "c,, in this

combination is
pronounced soft as a "s"
sound before an "i" or

The "sh" combo sounds

the same at the beginning
or end of a word.

,reD

Scent (mireasmd)
Scene
Science
Sceptre
Scissors

Shampoo
Share

Wish
Show
Shut

TW

TH
"th" can have either a voiced, gliding
sound, as in than or voiceless sound, as

in "thin"
Than
That
The
Thin

In this consonant combo, both the "t"

and "w" work together to produce the
sound; note the exception "ti;vo"
Twelve
Twenty
Twice
Twist

Theatre

WR

WH
In this consonant combo, both the "w"
and "h" work together to produce the
sound; note the exception "who"
What
When
Where
Which
Whv

The "w" is silent in the consonant

combo

Write
Wrist ( incheietura mdinii)
Wreck (epav[, naufragiu)
Wrong

Basic Vocabulary
Numbers
0-zero
1-one

2-two
3-three

4-four
5-five
6-six
7-seven
8-eieht

11-eleven
12-twelve
13-thirteen
14-fourteen
15-fifteen
16-sixteen
17-seventeen
I 8-eishteen
19-nineteen

22-twenV-two
23-twenty-three
30-thirtv

3l-thirty-one
32-thirtv-t'wo
33-thirfy-three

34-thirty-four
40-forty
41-forty-one

60-sixtv
70-seventy
80-eiehty
90-ninety
100-one hundred
200-two hundred
300-three hundred
400-four hundred
500-five hundred

9-nine
10-ten

20-twenfv
21-twenty-one

600-six hundred
1000-one
thousand

5O-fiftv
5 1-fifty-one

TIME
(What time is it?)

It's quarter to five.

lt's ten after six.
It's twenty to seven.

It's one o'clock.

It's two o'clock.
It's three fifteen.
It's quarter past three.
It's four thirty.
It's half past four.

It's noon/midnight.

CALENDAR
Days of the Week
Mondav (luni)
Tuesday (marti)
Wednesday (miercuri)
Thursdav (ioi)
Fridav (vineri)
Saturdav (sdmb[td)
Sunday (duminicd)

Months of the Year

Seasons

Sprine (primdvar6)
Summer (vard)
Autumn/ Fall (toamnd)
Winter (iarnd)

January
February

March

April
May
June

July
August
September
October

November
December

COLORS @rit. Colours)

Black
White

Negru

Red

Ro$u
Galben

Yellow
Blue
Green

Brown
Orange
Pumle
Gray

Alb

Albastru
Verde
Maro
Portocaliu
Purpuriu/ Rosu-inchis
Gri

What's the weather like?

PERSONAL THINGS
Backpack
Umbrella
Sunglasses

cap
Gloves
shoes
Boots
ScarI
Jacket

uoat
Hat

l-sturt

Rucsac
UmbrelS
Ochelari de soare
$gp@, bascd
Mdnugi
Pantofi
Ghete
Fular
Jachetd
Palton
PSldrie

Shorts

Tricou
Fantaloni scurti

Comb
Map
Camera
Money

Pieptdn
HartE
Aparat foto
Bani

III]MAN BODY
Head

Ear
Mouth
Nose
Eye

Neck
Throat
Shoulder
Arm
Hand

Finger
Elbow
Stomach
Chest

Back
Lee
Foot
Knee
Ankle
Toe

AIIIMALS AND BIRDS

Dos:cdine
CaFpisicd
Mouse:soaxece

Horse:cal
Cow:vacd
Sheep:oaie
Goat:caprd
Piq:Dorc
RabbiFiepure
Snake:$arpe

Bearurs
Frog:broascd
Turtle:broascd testoas6

Duck=atI
Parrot=apagal
Canary:canar
Rooster (American en.):cocoq
Hen:gdind
Chicken:pui
Goose:gdscd

Turkey:curcan
Peacock:p6un
Pheasant:fazan
Seaeull:pescdru$

Owl:bufnitd
Eaele:Yulture

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Oranges
Bananas
Watermelon
Grapes
Pears
Apples
Strawberries

Blackberries:rnure
Blueberries:afine
Plum
Ouince:sutuie

Onion

Lee@raz
Carrot
Potato
Tomato
Cucumbet-castravete
Cabbage:varud
Cauliflower:conopidE

Pepperardei gras
Hotpepperardei iute
Parsnip:pdstdrnac

Soybean (Amer.)/ soya bean (Br.)/soya

Pumpkin

Cherry
Pineapple

GRAMMAR BASICS
The verbs To Be, To Have, and To Go
To be, to have and to go arc irregular verbs. Their forms in the present tense are
as follows:

TO I{AVE

TO BE

TO GO

Iam

I have

Igo

You are
He/She/It is
We are
You are
They are

You have
He/SheAt has

You go
He/She/It goes

have
You have
They have

We go
You go
Thev so

'We

lt