Chemistry 1010

Explosives
Black Powder
Early explosives were made from mixing pure
elements and salts into a combustible powder.


15 % wood charcoal
10 % sulfur
75 % salt peter (KNO
3
From Bird Droppings)
Black Powder
Chemical Reaction

10 KNO
3
+ 11 C + 4 S 5 CO + 5 CO
2
+ 5 N
2
+ K
2
CO
3
+ 3 K
2
SO
4
+ K
2
S
gases
From yahoo images
smoke
Why Do Things Explode
Demo Vinegar and Baking Soda
From yahoo images
Firecracker
Why does it make the noise?
From yahoo images
So How Does A Bullet Work?
From yahoo images
High Explosives
The discovery of Gun Cotton
From yahoo images
High Explosives
Discovery of nitroglycerine
1867 Alfred Nobel patented
nitroglycerine
too unstable for real use in blasting
and warfare
When mixed with charcoal or silicon it
is stable
This is called dynamite
These discoveries brought Nobel a
lot of money
In his will, he left money to start the
Nobel Prize
This is still awarded annually to great
scientists
What Makes an Explosive
Molecule with highly strained bonds
A molecule with weakly bonded atoms
Bonds should give off lots of energy when
broken
A molecule that when reacted produces
products with very strong bonds
Energy released is the difference in energy
given off when a bond breaks and the energy
absorbed when a bond forms
Weak Bond
High Explosives
Trinitrophenols explosive due to the
easily broken N-O bond
picric acid
Picric acid was a very unstable explosive which would explode unexpectedly
Trinitrotoluene (TNT)
TNT is more stable and need detonation to explode better bombs
C4 Explosive
See How stuff works dot com
http://science.howstuffworks.com/c-41.htm

See youtube
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sdBQtfRS6mI