Name:- Krishna Kumar

Class :- XII-E
Roll No. :-
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that

Krishna Kumar, a student
of class XII-E has
successfully completed the
research on the below
mentioned project under
the guidance
of Dr. Sumit Chillar
(Subject Teacher)
during the year 2019-20
in partial fulfilment of
chemistry practical
examination conducted
by CBSE, New Delhi.
Signature of external examiner Signature of
Chemistry teacher
 ACKNOWLED
GEMENT

Primarily I
would thank
God for being
able to complete
this project with
success. Then I
would like to
thank my
chemistry
teacher Dr.
Sumit Chillar,
whose valuable
guidance has
been the ones
that helped me
patch this
project and
make it full proof
success his
suggestions and
his instructions
has served as
the major
contributor
towards the
completion of
the project.
Then I would like to thank my

parents and friends who have

helped

me with their
valuable
suggestions and
guidance has
been helpful in
various phases
of the
completion of
the project.
Last but
not the least I
would like to
thank my
classmates
who have
helped me a
lot.
Krishna Kumar
 INTRODUCTIO
N OF NICKEL

Nickel is a lustrous silvery-white, corrosion-resistant

metal with a reddish tinge that has been used for
thousands of years. Along with three other metals,
cobalt , iron and gadolinium, nickel is an elements
that is ferromagnetic when at or near room
temperature. The unique properties of nickel lend to
the attraction of the metal's extreme importance in
industrial applications. A commonly overlooked
presence of modern day life, nickel is used in
applications in buildings and infrastructure,
household equipment, chemical production, and
energy supply, to name a few.

PROPERTIES
• Atomic Symbol : N
• Atomic Number : 28
• Element category : Transition metal
• Density : 8.908 g/cm2
• Melting Point : 2651f
• Boiling Point : 5275f
• Hardness : 4.0
 INDEX
Introduction to nickel
Uses of nickel
Nickel in Environment
Harmful Effect of Nickel
Nickel in Chocolate
Apparatus Required
Chemical Required
Chemistry Behind Nickel detection
Confirmation
Experiment No-1
Experiment No -2
Experiment No-3
Conclusion
Bibliography
 CHARAC
TERSTIC
S

Pure nickel reacts with oxygen and therefore

is seldom found on the earth’s surface
website being the fifth most abundant
element on
land in our planet. In combination with iron
,nickel is extra stable , which explains both its
occurrence in iron containing ores and its
effective use in combination with iron to
make stainless steal

Nickel is very strong and resistance to corrosion

marking it excellent for strength metal alloys. It is also
very ductile and malleable properties that allow its
many alloys TG be shaped into wire , roads , tubes and
sheets.
It take on a high dish and is fairly good conductor of heat
electricity .It assume other vacancies it also forms a
number of complex compounds . Nickel has slow rate of
complex compounds nickel has been widely used in coins
through its rising price has lead to some replacement with
cheaper metal in recent year
 USES OF
NICKEL
Nickel-containing products play an important
role in our daily lives. Compared with other
materials, nickel-containing products possess
better corrosion resistance, greater
toughness, more strength at high and low
temperatures, and a range of special
magnetic and electronic properties.
Therefore, most nickel production is used for
alloying elements, coatings, batteries, and
some other uses, such as kitchen wares,
mobile phones, medical equipment, transport,
buildings, power generation and jewellery .
The use of nickel is dominated by the production of
ferronickel for stainless steel (66%).
However, it is also used in the production of
non-ferrous alloys (12%), alloy steels (5%),
plating (7%), foundry (3%) and batteries
(2%).
 NICKEL IN ENVIROMENT

Product including nickel tend to have a long life

span-often more twenty five year . It is also one of
the most recycled of metal with the exception of
product where the tiny amount usely simply could’t
be recovered . Where nickel is present in special
alloys it is usual for that alloy itself to be recycled

So nickel is all around you helping you through the day

without excepting much in the way of thanks
. perhaps you might like to give this unassuming
element a little elements a little nod of approved
now and then you’d certainly miss it if it was not there.
 Harmful Effect of
Nickel

Nickel is a compound that

occurs in the environment
only at very low levels.
Humans use nickel for
many different
applications. The most
common application of
nickel is the use as an
ingredient of steal and
other metal products. It
can be found in common
metal products such as
jewelry.
Humans may be exposed
to nickel by breathing air,
drinking water, eating food
or smoking cigarettes.
Skin contact with nickel-
contaminated soil or water
may also result in nickel
exposure. In small
quantities nickel is
essential, but when the
uptake is too high it can
be a danger to human
health.
An uptake of too large quantities of nickel
has the following consequences:
- Higher chances
of development of
lung cancer, nose
cancer, larynx
cancer and
prostate cancer
- Sickness and dizziness after exposure to
nickel gas
- Lung embolism
- Respiratory failure
- Birth defects
 Ni
ck
el
in
Ch
oc
ola
tes

Children are the most vulnerable group to any kind

of contamination in the food chain
.Chocolates and candies /toffees are the
favourite food item for the children and
are often present to them as a token of
love and affection from parents and
relatives but are the future of any nation
depend on the health and consumption
of chocolates and toffees is not limited to
a part of any society .There are many
type of local chocolates and toffees
available in the market at a cheaper
price than known brand .out of common
ingredient milk solids ,coca ,butter
hydrogenation vegetable oil , vegetable
fats and source of nickel.

Nickel is added to chocolates for

increasing their melting point and
preventing it from melting at normal
temperature .
 Apparatus
Required

Test Tube
Sample of Various

Chocolates
Funnel

Filter Paper
China Disc
Wire gauge
Burner
Glass Rod
 Chemical
Required
Ammonium

Chloride
Ammonium Hydroxide Solution

Di-methyl Glejorime
Gaseous Hydrogen Sulphide
Concentrate Nitric Acid
Ammonium Molybdate
Aqua Regia
 Chemistry Behind
Nickel Detection

The Nickel detection is

hinted when black
precipitate is obtained when
H2S gas
i
s placed through the
prerequisite .
Ni(OH)2 +H2S -> NiS + 2H2O

The black precipitate of NiS

is soluble in aqua regia( 3
part of HCL and 1 part of
con HNO . This yellow
residue which indicate
nickel.
2HNO3 -
>H2O+NO2+[O]
NiS + 3[O]+2HCL -
>NiCL2 +H2O +SO2
Tis residue was heated till it was
semidried.
 Confirmation

The
Yell
ow
Re
sid
ue
wa
s
so
obt
ain
ed
wa
 s
dis
sol
ved
in
min
imu
m
am
oun
t of
dist
ille
d
wat
er a
gre
en
col
our
sol
utio
n
wa
s
obt
ain
ed
.Ammonium Hydroxide (NH4OH) and a

few

d
r
o
p
s
o
f
m
e
t
h
y
l
g
l
y
o
r
i
m
a
w
e
r
e
a
d
d
e
d
.
A
b
r
i
g
h
t
r
e
d
r
o
s
y
colour confirms the
p
r
e
s
e
n
c
e
o
f
n
i
c
k
e
l
i
n
c
h
o
c
o
l
a
t
e
s
.
E
X
P
E
R
I
M
E
N
T
N
O
-
1
C
 A
D
B
U
R
Y
S
I
L
K

AIM-To detect the presence of a anion and

cation Nickel in Cadbury Silk

Experiment Observation Inference

2- -2 -2 -
To a pinch of salt add No reaction take place
CO3 ,S ,SO3 ,NO2 absent
dil.H2SO4 acid
 --
To a pinch of salt add No reaction take place Cl-,Br -,I -,NO3 CHCOO absent
conc.H2S04 and
heat it
Add a aqueous solution of No reaction take place SO4 -2 absent
salt and BACL2
-2
To the aqueous solution add A deep yellow colour ppt PO4 present
conc.HNO3 and add is observed
ammonium molybedate to
the solution and heat again
To detect the chocolate A black ppt is observed Presence of Ni+2 was indicated
solution and add NH4Cl pass
H2S gas to it
Experiment
The black ppt was treated
with aqua regia
The solution is heated till it
got semi-dried
The above obtained yellow
residue was dissolve in
water
To the o.s of salt and
amm.hydroxide
Observation Inference
The black ppt dissolved
A yellow residue was obtained Ni+2 May be present
A green colouration is Ni+2 further indicated
obtained
A bright rose colouration Ni+2 Confirmed
is obtained

Result – The chocolate ‘Cadbury

Silk’ contain nickel PO -2
4
anion.
 E
X
P
E
R
I
M
E
N
T
N
O
-
2
C
A
D
B
U
R
Y
F
I
V
E
S
T
A
R
AIM-To detect the presence of a anion and cation
Nickel in Cadbury five star.

Experiment Observation Inference

2- -2 -2 -
To a pinch of salt add No reaction take place
CO3 ,S ,SO3 ,NO2 absent
dil.H2SO4 acid
--
To a pinch of salt add No reaction take place Cl-,Br -,I -,NO3 CHCOO absent
conc.H2S04 and
heat it
Add a aqueous solution of No reaction take place SO4 -2 absent
salt and BACL2
-2
To the aqueous solution add A deep yellow colour ppt PO4 Confirmed
conc.HNO3 and add is observed
ammonium molybedate to
the solution and heat again
To detect the chocolate A black ppt is observed Presence of Ni+2 was indicated
solution and add NH4Cl pass
H2S gas to it
Experiment
The black ppt was treated
with aqua regia
The solution is heated till it
got semi-dried
The above obtained yellow
residue was dissolve in
water
To the o.s of salt and
amm.hydroxide
Observation Inference
The black ppt dissolved
A yellow residue was obtained Ni+2 May be present
A green colouration is Ni+2 further indicated
obtained
A bright rose colouration Ni+2 Confirmed
is obtained

Result – The chocolate ‘Cadbury

Five star’ contain nickel PO 3-
4

anion.
E
X
P
E
R
I
M
E
N
T
N
O
-
3
N
 E
S
T
L
E
K
I
T
K
A
T
AIM-To detect the presence of a anion and cation
Nickel in Nestle KitKat .

Experiment Observation Inference

 2- -2 -2 -
To a pinch of salt add No reaction take place
CO3 ,S ,SO3 ,NO2 absent
dil.H2SO4 acid
--
To a pinch of salt add No reaction take place Cl-,Br -,I -,NO3 CHCOO absent
conc.H2S04 and
heat it
Add a aqueous solution of No reaction take place SO4 -2 absent
salt and BACL2
-2
To the aqueous solution add A deep yellow colour ppt PO4 Confirmed
conc.HNO3 and add is observed
ammonium molybedate to
the solution and heat again
To detect the chocolate A black ppt is observed Presence of Ni+2 was indicated
solution and add NH4Cl pass
H2S gas to it
 Experiment
The black ppt was treated
with aqua regia
The solution is heated till it
got semi-dried
The above obtained yellow
residue was dissolve in
water
To the o.s of salt and
amm.hydroxide
Observation Inference
The black ppt dissolved
A yellow residue was obtained Ni+2 May be present
A green colouration is Ni+2 further indicated
obtained
A bright rose colouration Ni+2 Confirmed
is obtained

Result – The chocolate ‘Nestle KitKat’ 4

contain nickel PO 3- anion.
 Conclu
sion

Hence three bonds of

commercially available
chocolates were analysed
i.e. Cadbury Silk , Cadbury
Five Star and Nestle KitKat
to detect the presence of
nickel in the chocolates
contain nickel in small
amount though it’s not
shown by the taste.

Result

S.NO Sample Presence of Nickel

1 Cadbury Silk Present
2 Cadbury Five Star Present
3 Nestle KitKat Present
 Bibliography

• Wikipedia
• Lab Manual
• Cbse learn.com