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Definition: A Process of Joining Two Metal Pieces by Heating To A Fluid
Definition: A Process of Joining Two Metal Pieces by Heating To A Fluid
\
|
= =
16
7
41 0
270
110
3) Select electrode from matching table F7XX-EXXX (F
EXX
= 70 ksi)
No check required for groove welds.
Example W-3:
W-24
Design the size and length of Fillet weld for the lap joint shown below,
Use SMAW E 70XX process, plates are A-36 steel ?
Solution:
Factored load = 1.2 x 25 + 1.6 x 70 = 142 kips.
Minimum weld size = inch (AISC table J 2.4)
Maximum weld size = 5/8 1/16 = 9/16 (AISC 2 2b Page 95).
Select size (5/16 inch) since you can get it in a single pass.
t
e
= 0.707 x 5/16 = 0.22 inch
Example W-4:
W-25
continued:
1) Weld capacity per inch = |R
nw
= 0.75 t
e
(0.6 F
EXX
)
= 0.75 x 0.22 x 0.6 x 70
` = 6.96 kips per inch (controls)
2) Plate shear-rupture = |R
nw
= |t (0.6F
u
)
= 0.75 x 0.625 x 0.6 x 58
= 16.3 kips per inch
3) Total length of weld required:
Use weld around plate as shown.
(Use three sides of 7 inch each = 21 inch).
inches
R
P
L
nw
u
w
4 20
90 6
142
.
.
= = =
|
W-26
Angles are eccentric in carrying axial loads as their center of gravity
x, or y are denoted by their properties. But we can balance the weld
To comply with the angle center of gravity (CG).
Since (F
2
) is known (Leg length x weld capacity),
Then (F
1
) is found, also:
F
3
= T F
1
F
2
2
0 0
2
1
2 2 1
F
d
y T
F
F d F y T M
d
A
=
= = E
W-27
Example W-5
Design a balanced weld for angle
shown below, (A 572-Gr 50 steel)
and SMAW process specified
Solution:
1) Section capacity:
| T
n
= 0.90 F
y
A
y
= 0.9 x 50 x 3.61 = 162 kips
or | T
n
= 0.75 F
u
A
e
= 0.75 x 65 x 0.85 x 3.61 = 150 kips (controls).
2) Steel weld size:
Minimum weld size = 3/16 inch (Table J2.4)
Maximum weld size =
Use inch fillet weld with E 70XX electrodes.
t
e
= 0.707 x = 0.177 inch.
. inch
16
5
16
1
8
3
=
W-28
contd.
3) Evaluate weld capacity:
| R
nw
= | t
e
(0.6 F
EXX
) = 0.75 x 0.177 x 0.6 x 70
= 5.57 kips per inch. (controls)
or | R
nw
= | t (0.6 F
u
) = 0.75 x 0.375 x 0.6 x 65
= 11 kips per inch.
4) Determine weld length required:
F
2
= | R
nw
L
w
= 5.57 x 6 = 33.4 kips
inch. 15.2
5.57
84.8
L
inch. 5.7
5.57
31.8
L
kips. 84.8 31.8 33.4 150 F F T F
kips. 31.8
6
3 33.4
6
1.94 150
F
w3
w1
2 1 3
1
= =
= =
= = =
=
=
W-29
Eccentric shear welded connection are popular for column
brackets supporting gantry crane loadings or mezzanine floors. The
connection below produces (shear + torsion) on the weld. The LRFD
method for (shear + torsion) is both difficult and lengthy, A more
conservative elastic vector analysis method is allowed by AISC:
W-30
The eccentric load is
transferred to the centroid of the weld
group. The transferred load shall
consist of a load
plus a moment (M
z
= Pe), where:
e = eccentrity.
The actual weld thickness
resisting shear and torsion forces is
(0.707w), but for simplicity, we
consider effective throat
thickness = 1.0 inch.
From direct shear only (due to P):-
( )
y x
P P P
~ ~ ~
+ =
L
P
f
L
P
f
L
P
f
y
1y
x
1x
1
=
=
=
1 inch
P
y
P
x
P
M=Pe
W-31
J
d M
f
.
2
=
The transferred moment (M) causes additional shear stresses
depending on the critical locations of the weld (far edges of the weld).
where:
M = moment due to eccentricity = (P.e)
d = distance to the farthest weld point .
J = Polar moment of inertia.
( )
yy xx
A A
A
A
I I
dA y dA x
dA y x
dA r J
+ =
+ =
+ =
=
} }
}
}
2 2
2 2
2
where:
This can be vector analyzed to:
J
Mx
f
J
My
f
2y
2x
=
=
W-32
Once these four stress components are evaluated for an
extreme point of the weld. They can be added vectorially:
2 2
2 1
2 1
) ( ) (
y x v
y y y
x x x
f f f
f f f
f f f
+ =
+ =
+ =
Then the strength of 1 inch wide weld is evaluated as:
) F (0.6 0.707
w required
EXX
|
v
f
>
F
v
= | 0.707 w x 1 x (0.6 F
EXX
)
W-33
Example W-6
Determine the size of the weld required
for the bracket shown. A-36 steel is
used, SMAW process?
Solution:
. in 915 195 720 I I J
in 195.0 (1.714) 8 1
12
1x(8)
2 86) (1x12)(2.2 I
in 720 288 288 144
8x(6) 8x(6)
12
x(12) 1
I
in. k 942.8 5.714) (10 x 60 . M
inch 2.286
8 8 12
4 x 8 x 2
x
4
yy xx
4 2
3
2
yy
4
2 2
3
xx
= + = + =
=
(
+ + =
= + + =
+ + =
= + = =
=
+ +
=
e P
W-34
Example (W-6) - Continued
ksi 2.143
28
60
12) 8 1x(8
60
f
forces). horizontal (no 0 f
1y
1x
= =
+ +
=
=
By inspection points (A $ B) are more critical than points (B & C);
Take point (A):
ksi 10.131
5.886) (2.143 (6.181)
) f (f ) (f f
ksi 5.886
915
5.714 942.8
J
x M
) (f
ksi 6.181
915
6 942.8
J
y M
) (f
2 2
2
A 2y 1y
2
A 2x v
A 2y
A 2x
=
+ + =
+ + =
=
=
=
=
W-35
EXX
v
req.
F 0.6 1 0.707
w
>
|
f
Select E70XX as given by matching table.
inch 0.455
70 0.6 1 0.707 0.75
10.131
w
req
=
=
Use inch weld size
inch) / (t inch
8
3
size weld minimum
inch /
16
1
16
9
size weld maximum Since
16
1.9
f
2
1
= =
= =
Example (W-6) - Continued