1.

BO HIU TRONG MNG TH H SAU T1

1.1.Giao thc H.323 : THIT LP CUC GI GATEKEEPER NI VNG: Bc 1: u cui A quay s in thoi gi cho u cui
B./ Bc 2: Gateway A gi cho Gatekeeper mt bn tin ARQ, yu cu cho php gi n u cui B./ Bc 3: Gatekeeper tm u cui B v tr
li mt bn tin ACF vi a ch IP ca Gateway B./ Bc 4: Gateway A gi bn tin thit lp cuc gi Q.931 cho Gateway B vi s in thoi
ca u cui B./ Bc 5: Gateway b gi bn tin ARQ cho gatekeeper, yu cu cho php tr li cuc gi ca Gateway A./ Bc 6: Gatekeeper
tr li bn tin ACF vi a ch IP cu gateway A./ Bc 7: Gateway B thit lp 1 cuc gi n u cui B./ Bc 8: Khi u cui B tr li,
Gateway B gi kt ni Q931 n Gateway A.
1.2. Cu trc v cc thnh phn ca H.323: Cu trc H.323 c th c s dng mt cch thng dng mng LAN hoc mng gi din
rng./ H.323 c th c s dng vi PSTN ton cu, N- ISDN (tc nh hn 1,5 Mbs hoc 2 Mbs), B- ISDN s dng ATM (tc nh hn
1,5 Mbs hoc 2 Mbs) thm ch mt u cui thoi cng c th tham gia vo H.323 nhng ch vi kh nng audio. /Khi H.323 c s dng vi
N- ISDN in thoi ISDN hoc cc kt ni H.320 cng c s dng. H.320 m t s sp xp cc kt cui i vi h thng thoi N-ISDN, cc
thit b ny thng c dng cho cc dch v video conference v video phone. Nu c mt mng LAN c gn lin vi ISDN m bo cht
lng mc nh ca cc tham s dch v, khi H.323 l u cui gn lin vi mng trong ng truyn bao gm 1 hoc nhiu mng LAN,
mi mng LAN c cu to cung cp mt cht lng dch v QoS tng ng vi cht lng N- ISDN.
1.3.So snh gia H.323 v SIP
SIP H.323
Ngun gc IETF ITU-T
Quan h mng Ngang cp Ngang cp
Khi im K tha cu trc HTTP K tha Q.931, Q.SIG
u cui SIP H.323

Server
Proxy Server, Redirect Server,Location
Serve Registrar Server
H.323 Gatekeeper
Khun dng Text, UTF-8 Nh phn
Tr thit lp cuc gi 1.5 RTT 6.7 RTT hoc hn

Gim st trng
thi cuc gi
C hai la chn:
- Trong thi gian thit lp cuc gi.
- Sut thi gian cuc gi.
My ch phi gim st trong sut thi gian cuc gi
v phi gi trng thi kt ni TCP. iu ny hn ch
kh nng m rng v gim tin cy.
Bo hiu qung b C h tr Khng
Cht lng
dch v
S dng cc giao thc khc nh: RSVP, OPS,
OST m bo cht lng dch v
Gatekeeper iu khin bng thng. H.323 khuyn
ngh dng RSVP lu d ti nguyn mng.

Bo mt
ng k ti Registrar server c xc nhn u
cui v m
Ch ng k khi trong mng c gatekeeper, xc nhn
v m ha theo tiu chun H.232
nh v u cui v nh tuyn
cuc gi
Dng SIP-URL nh a ch. nh tuyn
nh s dng Redirect v Location Server
nh v u cui sd E.164 hoc tn o H.323 v phng
php nh x a ch nu trong mng c gatekeeper.
Chc nng nh tuyn do gatekeeper m nhim.
Tnh nng thoi H tr cc tnh nng ca cuc gi c bn c thit k nhm h tr rt nhiu tnh nng hi ngh,
k c thoi, hnh nh v d liu, qun l tp trung nn
c th gy tc nghn gatekeeper.
To tnh nng v dch v mi D dng, s dng SIP-CGI v CPL H.450.1
Kh nng m rng D dng Hn ch
*******************************************2.CC DCH V TRONG NGN*******************************************
1.1. Cc dch v chnh trong NGN: 1: D ch v t hoi ( Voi ce t el ephony) . 2: D ch v d l i u( Dat a Ser r vi ce) . 3:Dch v a
phng tin (Multimedia Service). 4: Dch v mng ring o (VPN). 5: Tnh ton mng cng cng (PNC Public Network
Computing). 6: Bn t i n hp nht ( Uni f i ed Mes s agi ng) . 7: Mi gii thng tin (Information Brokering) . 8: Thng mi
i n t ( E- Co mmer ce) . 9: D ch v chuy n cuc gi ( Cal l Cent er Ser vi ce) . 10:Tr chi tng tc trn mng (Interactive
gaming). 11: Thc t o phn tn (Distributed Virtual Reality). 12: Qun l ti nh (Home Manager)
1.2.Cu Trc Dch V Mng NGN

a.Chc nng ca Server ng dng: Cung cp mt flatform phn phi dch v i vi cc dch v tin tin./ SIP l giao thc c s dng
gia cc b iu khin cuc gi (MGC) v cc server ng dng./ C th cung cp cc giao din m APIs cho vic to v trin khai cc dch
v (nh giao din JAIN, Parlay,CLP,)./ L nn tng cho vic thc thi v qun l cc dch v./ Trin khai cc dch v nhanh chng v nng
cp cc dch v hin c.
b.Chc nng ca Media Server: Cung cp cc ti nguyn phng tin c trng nh IVR, hi tho, fax,/ Cc ti nguyn ny thng l
thu m thanh, pht hin nhn phm, hi tho, chuyn vn bn thnh thoi, facsimile, nhn dng ting ni,../ Giao tip vi server ng dng
bng giao thc MGCP v/hoc SIP./ Kt cui mt dng RTP, ng vai tr nh mt u cui media.
*****************************3.TM_HIU_GIAO_THC_SIP,MGCP,SIGTRAN ******************************T2
1.1. SIP- Session Initiation Protocol : Giao thc khi to phin (IETF 3261) l tiu chun c p dng ph bin trong hot ng truyn
thng_VoiIP.Giao_thc_ny_ch_yu_dng__thit_lp_v_phn_tch_cc_cuc_gi_in_thoai.
1.2.Cc chc nng ca giao thc SIP: nh v ngi dng./ Cc kh nng ngi dng./ Tnh kh dng ngi dng./ Thit lp cuc gi./ X
l_cuc_gi.
1.3. Cc thnh phn ca h thng SIP : u cui SIP (UAC/UAS)./ Proxy server./ Location server./ Redirect server./ Registrar server.
1.4.Cu trc h thng SIP:

User Agent: l thit b u cui trong mng SIP, n c th l mt my in thoi SIP hay mt my tnh chy phn mm u cui SIP.
Proxy Server: l phn mm trung gian hot ng c nh Server v c nh Client thc hin cc yu cu thay th cho cc u cui khc.
Location Server: l phn mm nh v thu bao, cung cp thng tin v nhng v tr c th ca pha b gi cho cc phn mm Proxy Server v
Redirect_Server.
Redirect Server: phn mm nhn yu cu SIP v chuyn i a ch SIP sang mt s a ch khc v gi li nhng a ch ny cho u cui.
Registrar Server: l phn mm nhn cc yu cu ng k Register. Trong nhiu trng hp Registrar Server m nhim lun mt s chc
nng an ninh nh xc nhn ngi s dng. Thng thng Registrar Server c ci t cng vi Proxy hoc Redirect Server hoc cung cp
dch_v_nh_v_thu_bao.
1.5.Thit lp cu gi thng qua SIP: M hnh thc hin vic gi in gia hai my s dng mt proxy server.: Bc 1: User UAC1 mun
kt ni n i tng gi. ti thi im ny.ng dng chy trn UAC1 to ra mt thng ip INVITE v gi n proxy. a ch proxy c
cu hnh trc trong chng trnh./ Bc 2: Proxy nhn yu cu bng cch lng nge trn cng 20050/UDp. N tr li ngay lp tc mt p
ng 100 ( TRYING) yu cu i client kt ni . sau chuyn qua bc 3./ Bc 3: Proxy kim tra yu cu INVITE. Xc nh my ni m i
tng gi ng nhp vo va chuyn INVITE n my ./ Bc 4: UAC2 tr li li proxy vi mt p ng 100 ( TRYING)./ Bc 5: UAC2 gi 1
p ng 180 (RINGING) n proxy cho bit tnh trng ang chung./ Bc 6: Proxy chuyn 180 (RINGING) n UAC1./ Bc 7: UAC1
nhn 180 (RINGING), lp tc pht ra tn hiu chung ch./ Bc 8: i tng gi UAC2 bt my. UAC2 bo proxy tn hiu bt my vi 200
(OK)./ Bc 9: proxy chuyn 200(OK) n UAC1./ Bc 10: UAC1 gi yu cu ACK n proxy xc nhn rng nhn 200 (OK)./ Bc 11:
proxy chuyn ACK n UAC2./ Bc 12: UAC1 pht ra lung RTP vi UAC2 v bt u truyn m thnh./ Bc 13,14: i tng gi ti UAC1
cp my trc .UAC1 pht ra yu cu BYE v gi n UAC2 thng qua proxy./ Bc 15:,16: UAC2 nhn c yu cu BYE ca UAC1 .n phn
hi_200(OK).kt_thc_cuc_gi.
2.1. MGC : l giao thc mc ng dng dng iu khin hot ng ca MG. y l mt giao thc s dng phng thc master/slave.
Trong MGC ng vai tr l master, hay MGC l yu t quyt nh chnh trong qu trnh lin lc vi MG, cn MG l slave l thc th th
ng_thc_hin_mi_lnh_do_MGC_yu_cu.
2.2 KIN TRC V CC THNH PHN: C 2 thnh phn c bn s dng giao thc MGCP l MGC v MG. Mi MGC c mt s nhn
dng ring gi l Call Agent Identifier.MGCP da trn m hnh Client/Server. Ging nh cc giao thc khc, MGCP s dng giao thc SDP
m t phng thc truyn thng v s dng RTP/RCTP cho vic vn chuyn v gim st truyn tin. MGCP nh ngha cc thc th im
cui (Endpoint-E) v cc kt ni (Connection-C). E l cc ngun d liu c th l vt l hoc logic. Vic to ngun vt l i hi phi thit
lp phn cng, chng hn nh giao tip qua mt GW v kt thc mt kt ni ti mng chuyn mch knh PSTN, cn ngun logic to ra t
phn_mm_nh_ngun_ting_ni.
2.3.THIT LP CUC GI THNG QUA MGCP: B1.Khi my in thoi A c nhc ln Gateway A gi bn tin cho MGC./
B2.Gateway A to m mi quay s v nhn s b gi./B3.S b gi c gi cho MGC./B4.MGC xc nh nh tuyn cuc gi nh th no:
/B5.MGC gi lnh cho Gateway B. /B6.Gateway B chung my B./ B7.MGC gi lnh cho Gateway A v B to phin kt ni
RTP/RTCP.
2.4. SO SNH GIA MGCP, SIP V H.323: MGCP khc vi SIP v H.323 mt s im nh sau: MGCP l giao thc kiu ch/t, trong
khi SIP v H.323 l giao thc ngang cp. MGCP c s dng gia MG v MGC.
H.323 MGCP
1.Thu bao nhc my v quay s 1.Thu bao nhc my v quay s
2.Gateway phn tch v nh tuyn cuc gi 2.Gateway thng bo cho MGC
3.Hai gateway trao i thng tin 3. MGC phn tch s, nh tuyn v gi lnh cho gateway b gi
chung s my b gi
4.Gateway b chung s my b gi 4.MGC gi lnh cho 2 gateway thit lp phin kt ni RTP/RTCP
5.Hai gateway thit lp phin kt ni RTP/RTCP
2.5. u im ca MGCP: MGCP c bit hu ch i vi cc ng dng trin khai ln, cc h thng phc tp. N cho php tch hp tt vi
mng SS7, to s thun tin cho qutrnh iu khin v x l cc cuc gi./ MGCP phn tch ring bit hai chc nng chnh l chc nng iu
khin lung phng thc v chc nng bo hiu nn vic thi hnh d dng hn.
2.6. nhc im :l tr nn qu phc tp i vi cc ng dng nh. Ngoi ra n ch tp trung vo vic chuyn i gia cc lung phng thc.
Giao thc ny c hon thin trong chun H.248/ Megaco thng 11/2000 vi s hp tc gia hai t chc ITU v IETF.
3.1. Mng IP c cc u im ni bt so vi mng trn c s TDM nh sau: D trin khai, Gi thnh thit b thp hn, Hiu qu tt hn, Bng
thng cao hn, Cc dch v nng cao.
3.2. Sigtran: l mt nhm cng tc thuc t chc chun ha quc t cho lnh vc Internet IETF. Mc ch chnh ca nhm l a ra gii
php truyn ti bo hiu dng gi trn mng PSTN qua mng IP, m bo c cc yu cu v chc nng v hiu nng ca bo hiu PSTN.
3.3 M HNH CHC NNG: truyn bn tin bo hiu s 7 gia Signaling Getway v Media Getway Controller qua mng IP. Kin trc giao
thc SIGTRAN c nh ngha gm ba thnh phn chnh: Chun IP, Giao thc truyn ti bo hiu chung SCTP, Cc phn lp thch ng.
3.4. SO SNH M2PA V M2UA
c im so snh M2PA M2UA
Bn tin d liu MTP3 Truyn ti bn tin MTP3
Giao tip vi MTP3 a ra giao din pha trn vi MTP3
Cc hm nguyn thy im bo hiu IP x l cc hm nguyn thy
MTP3 n MTP2
im bo hiu IP truyn ti cc hm nguyn thy MTP3
MTP2 n SG ca MTP2 x l (thng qua chc nng
phi hp hot ng)
Kiu lin kt Kt ni im bo hiu IP vi SG l lin kt bo
hiu SS7
Kt ni im bo hiu IP &SG khng phi l kt ni bo
hiu s 7.N l m rng ca MTP2 n mt node t xa
M im SG l mt node SS7 v c m im SG khng phi l mt node SS7 v khng c m im
Cc tng cao hn SG c cc tng SS7 cao hn nh SCCP, SG khng c tng SS7 cao hn v n khng c MTP3
Qun l Cc th tc qun l da vo MTP3 S dng cc th tc qun l ca M2UA
3.5. SO SNH M3UA V SUA
M3UA SUA
SCCP

Yu cu im bo hiu h tr cho cc ng
dng khc nhau ca SCCP khi phi phi hp vi
cc h thng quc gia khc nhau.
Vn l khng c h tr khi dng SUA.
phc tp trong trin khai
M3UA cn cc dch v SCCP. t nht c mt giao thc tng trn. Gim phc tp
ca nt mng (trong trin khai cng nh trong qun
l), do , gim chi ph.
V mt nh tuyn
Trong M3UA, cc bn tin c iu khin t m
im n m im.
SUA cho php mng IP nh tuyn bn tin theo
thng tin trng tiu ton cc.
V mt a ch
s dng M3UA, mi nt IP cn c gn c
m im v a ch IP.
S dng SUA, mi nt IP khng cn c m im.
Cc dch v ISUP C h tr. Khng th h tr c.
*********************************************4.MPLS IPMPLS **************************************************T3
1.1. Cc ch hot ng ca MPLS. MPLS c th hot ng trong 2 ch l: Ch khung : Ch khung l thut ng c s dng
khi chng ta chuyn tip mt gi vi mt nhn c nh vo gi trc tiu lp 3 (chng hn tiu IP). Trong ch ny mt tiu nhn
c b sung vo gia gi tin lp 3 v tiu lp 2.
Ch t bo: Ch t bo l thut ng c s
dng khi chng ta c 1 mng cc chuyn mch ATM
hay mng FR s dng MPLS trong mt phng iu
khin hon i thng tin VCI/VPI thay cho vic s
dng bo hiu ATM hay bo hiu FR.


1.3. Hnh cu trc ca LSR bin trong ch hot
ng khung.
1.2. So snh cng ngh IP ATM MPLS

**********************************5.TM HIU V ISDN, B-ISDN V ATM******************************************T4
(ISDN)1. ISDN l g? Khi nim v mng s tch hp a dch v c CCITT nh ngha l: Mt mng vin thng, da trn k thut chuyn
mch knh v chuyn mch gi, cung cp cc ng truyn s, c kh nng phc v nhiu loi dch v khc nhau, bao gm dch v thoi v
phi thoi. Ni mt cch khc, mng ISDN cho php tt c cc thng tin thoi (phone), s liu (data) v hnh nh (video) c th truyn qua mt
ng dy thu bao (subscriber line) vi tc cao v cht lng tt
1.2. Mng ISDN c nhng c im sau: L mt mng a dch v./ ISDN c h thng bo hiu s 7 v cc node chuyn mch thng minh./
Kin trc ISDN tng thch vi m hnh OSI./ Nguyn l chung ca ISDN l lin kt cc thit b u cui khc nhau ln cng mt ng dy
thu bao v c th ng thi truyn thng s gia thu bao v mng.
1.3. Giao din ISDN : a.)Giao din BRI (Basic Rate Interface): C cu trc knh l 2B+D, trong knh D hot ng vi tc 16 Kbps.
Tng cng tc ca giao din ny l 144 Kbps nhng trong thc tcu trc ca giao din tc c s c th ln ti 192 Kbps. Giao din ny
dnh cho cc thu bao nh cung cp cc dch v truy nhp mng bng cc thit b u cui a nng hoc cc thit b ring l. b.) Giao din
PRI (Primary Rate Interface): Dng cho thu bao c dung lng ln nh tng i PBAX hoc cc mng cc b LAN. Do cc tiu chun truyn
dn khc nhau nn c 2 loi truy nhp l: 23B+D cho tiu chun Bc M 1544 Kbps v 30B+D cho tiu chun Chu u 2048 Kbps ( giao
din ny knh D lun c tc l 64 Kbps).
1.4. Chc nng cc tng trong kin trc ISDN: a) Tng vt l trong ISDN: Giao din ca tng gm: NT Frame (Network to Terminal) v TE
Frame (Terminal to Network) .b) Tng 2 trong ISDN: Tng ng vi tng lin kt d liu (Data Link Layer) ca m hnh OSI. Hot ng
trong tng ny c giao thc LAP-D (Link Access Protocol - D channel). c)Tng 3 trong ISDN: Chc nng ca tng ny l thit lp, duy tr v
gii_phng_cc_lin_kt.
1.5.ng dng ca ISDN: Voice, Fax, Data, v email ng thi; hi ngh truyn hnh gi thp; qung b t xa v truyn audio cht_lng_cao.
(B-ISDN)
2. So snh gia ISDN v B_ISDN : B-ISDN l mt mng s lin kt a dch v nh ISDN, nhng vic thit lp B-ISDN thc hin khc vi
thit lp ISDN. B_ISDN n bo m lin kt cc tn hiu bng rng v c kh nng ng thi x l cc tn hiu bng rng bng hp. M hnh
cu trc c bn ca B-ISDN v ISDN nh nhau. Tuy nhin, chng ch tng t nhau v mt khi nim m khng tng thch v mt hot
ng. -Cc thit b B_ISDN khng th hot ng nu u ni vo mng ISDN hoc TE ca ISDN khng th u ni ti NT ca B-ISDN.
Trong thc t B-ISDN khc rt xa vi ISDN, v ISDN tch hp k thut chuyn mch knh v k thut chuyn mch gi, trong khi B-ISDN
s dng cng ngh ATM hon ton khc vi cc h thng ca ISDN. Ngha l, trong khi ISDN ch yu iu khin h thng thng tin chuyn
mch knh th B-ISDN ch yu s dng h thng thng tin chuyn mch gi, ng thi vn iu khin h thng thng tin knh. B-ISDN khc
hn so vi ISDN. S pht trin ca ISDN v B_ISDN l bc m cho s ra i cc k thut mng vin thng mi vi mc ch cung cp a
dch v trn cng mt mng vin thng duy nht. Mng th h sau NGN ang c nghin cu v pht trin p ng nhu cu ngy cng cao
ca x hi, l mt bc tin mi trong k thut mng vin thng? Mt cu hi c gii p trong tng lai khng xa.
(ATM) 3. 1.Khi nim v ATM: ATM l phng thc truyn khng ng b k thut chuyn mch gi cht lng cao da trn vic ghp
khng_ng_b_phn_chia_theo_thi_gian.
3.2. Cc c im ca ATM: ATM truyn theo phng thc khng ng b ./ ATM s dng cc gi c kch thc nh v c nh c gi l
t bo (ATM cell)./ Nhm mt mt vi knh o thnh mt ng o nhm gip cho vic nh tuyn c d dng.
3.3.S_u_vit_ca_ATM: Ghp knh khng ng b(TDMA) v thng k cho mi kiu lu lng./ Gn rng knh rt linh hot v mm
do./ Gi thnh OA v M nh cng ngh cao v ng nht./ T bo ATM c kch thc c nh v kt hp vi ghp knh.
*********************************6.CHUYN_MCH_MM_SOFTSWITCHING**************************************T5
1.1. Nhc iem cua chuyen mach kenh: Gia thanh chuyen mach cua tong ai noi hat./ Dch vu khong a
dang, khong co s phan biet dch vu cho cac khach hang khac nhau./ Han che ve kien truc mang, do o kho
khan trong viec phat trien mang./ Ngoai ra khi mot tong ai c san xuat th dung lng cuano la khong oi.
Do o khi m rong dung lng nhieu khi oi hoi en viec phai tang so cap chuyen mach, ieu nay se anh
hng en viec ong bo, bao hieu cung nhieu van e phc tap khac.
1.2. KHAI NIEM VE CHUYEN MACH MEM: Thc chat cua khai niem chuyen mach mem chnh la phan
mem thc hien chc nang x ly cuoc goi trong he thong chuyen mach co kha nang chuyen tai nhieu loai
thong tin vi cac giao thc khac nhau. (Ghi chu: chc nang x ly cuoc goi bao gom nh tuyen cuoc goi va
quan ly, xac nh va thc thi cac ac tnh cuoc goi).Theo thuat ng chuyen mach mem th chc nang chuyen
mach vat ly c thc hien bi cong phng tien Media Gateway (MG), con x ly cuoc goi la chc nang cua
bo ieu khien_cong_phng_tien_Media_Gateway_Controller(MGC).
1.3.Thnh phn chnh ca chuyn mch mm: l b iu khin cng phng tin Media Gateway Controller(MGC). Bn cnh cn c cc
thnh phn khc h tr hot ng nh: Signaling Gateway,Media Gateway,Media Server,Application Server/Feature Server.
1.4.V TR CUA CHUYEN MACH MEM TRONG MO HNH PHAN LP CHC NANG CUA NGN

1.5. U IEM VA NG DUNG CUA CHUYEN MACH MEM
a. u iem:Cho c hoi mi ve doanh thu./ Thi gian tiep can th trng ngan./ Kha nang thu hut khach hang./
Giam chi ph xay dng mang./ Giam chi ph ieu hanh mang./ S dung bang thong mot cach hieu qua./ Quan
ly mang hieu qua./ Cai thien dch vu./ Tiet kiem khong gian at thiet b./ Cung cap moi trng tao lap dch
vu mem deo./ An toan von au t. b. ng dung: Chuyen mach mem
Softswitch hien nay, khi van tan dung mang PSTN, c s dung trong mang cong cong e thay the cho tong ai
cap 4 (tandem switch) va trong mang rieng. Va phan mem ieu khien chuyen mach luc nay ch co nhiem vu
n gian la thiet lap va ket thuc cuoc goi. Trong tng lai khi tien len mang NGN hoan toan th cac MGC s
dung Softswitch se thay the ca cac tong ai noi hat (lp 5). Khi o chuyen mach mem Softswitch khong ch
thiet lap va xoa cuoc goi ma se thc hien ca cac chc nang phc tap khac cua mot tong ai lp 5.
1.6. Qua trnh thc hien chuyen mach mm : (1) Thue bao goi (caller-CR): nhac may.(2) Tong ai goi (calling
switch, goi la CRX): gi dial tone cho CR e mi quay so. (3) CR: nhan so.(4) CRX: nhan so va xac nh tuyen
e chuyen cuoc goi en ch. Ban tin SS7 c chuyen en tong ai ch e rung chuong thue bao b goi.(5)
Tong ai b goi (callee switch, goi la CEX): nhan biet ban tin rung chuong, quan sat tnh trang cua thue bao (ban
hay roi) va cap tn hieu chuong neu CE roi. ong thi cung thong bao cho CRX trang thai cua CE.(6) Thue
bao b goi (callee-CE): nhac may.(7) CRX va CEX: bat au tnh cc va truyen thong tin thoai qua kenh 64kbps.
(8) CR va CE: am thoai.(9) CR hoac CE ap may: cuoc goi ket thuc. (10) CRX va CEX: ngng tnh cc, ban tin
cuoc goi ket thuc c trao oi. ********************************7.THIT B MEDIA GATEWAY KHAI THC QUN
L ****************************** 1.1.Cc chc nng ca mt Media Gateway: Cung cp dch v
chuyn i cc tn hiu AD (Analog to Digital): trit ting di, b khong lng, m ha, nn m thoi, ti to tn hiu thoi v cc tn hiu
truyn thng qua cc b s l tn hiu s DSP (Digital Signal Processing)./ Truyn d liu thoi s dng giao thc RTP(Real Time Protocol)./
Cung cp ti nguyn cho vic s l s (Digital Signal Processing) di s iu khin ca Media Gateway Controller./ H tr vic giao tip v
chuyn i qua li gia cc giao thc sn c nh: CAS, QSIG, ISDN, T1, IP/ Cho php m rng cng giao tip v cung cp kh nng d
phng, qun l, nng cp h thng m khng lm thay i n cc thnh phn khc ca h thng mng./ Media Gateway c tnh nng ca mt
tng i class-5 (Host) nu n u ni n mng truy nhp bng hp./ Ngoi ra n cn c tnh nng ca mt tng i class-4 (Trunk/ Transit)
khi ni vi mng PSTN c sn hay n mng ca nh cung cp khc. 1.2. Cu trc ca Media Gateway: Media Gateway
gm cc cng phng tin truyn ti thng tin thoi, d liu, fax v video gia mng gi IP v mng PSTN./ PSTN Converter: l b i d
liu thoi c mang trn knh DS0 ca h thng PSTN, tn hiu thoi c a vo s c x l chuyn thnh lung d liu s a vo
h thng x l s, qu trnh chuyn i ny c thc hin di s iu khin v gim st ca b x l trung tm (Host CPU) thng qua cc
giao din iu khin m API (Application Programming Interface)./ DSP Aray v DSP Aggregator: c nhim v sp xp, tp hp v x l cc
lung tn hiu s c a vo t khi PSTN Converter. Cng ti y b x l tn hiu s DSP (Digital Signal Processors) thc hin cc chc
nng : nn m thoi/ audio, trit ting di, b khong lng, m ha, ti to tnh hiu thoi, truyn cc tn hiu DTMF.... qu trnh trn cng
c qun l cht ch theo cc tiu chun kht khe v cht lng bi Host CPU thng qua cc giao din m API./ Network Aggregator: l khi
x l, ng gi v tp trung d liu di s qun l ca Host CPU thng qua giao din_m_API.
1.3. V tr ca Media Gateway trong h thng NGN: Xt v cu trc lun l th Media Gateway nm trong lp truyn thng ca h thng
NGN, chng c qun l bi lp iu khin l cc Softswitch/Media Gateway controller./ Xt trn cu trc vt l th Media Gateway l thit
b trung gian gia cc mng s liu khc vi mng IP.

2.1. Media Gateway Controller (MGC): l n v chc nng c bn ca chuyn mch mm v cng thng c gi l Call Agent hay B
iu_khin_cng(Gate_Controller)_hay_chuyn_mch_mm(Softswitch).
2.2. V tr ca Media Gateway Controller trong m hnh phn lp chc nng ca NGN.

2.3. Cc chc nng ca MGC: iu khin cuc gi, duy tr trng thi ca mi cuc gi trn mt MG. /iu khin v h tr hot ng ca
MG, SG./ Trao i cc bn tin c bn gia hai MG-F./ X l bn tin bo hiu SS7 (khi s dng SIGTRAN)./ X l cc bn tin lin quan QoS
nh RTCP./ Thc hin nh tuyn cuc gi ( bao gm bn nh tuyn v bin dch)./ Ghi li cc thng tin chi tit ca cuc gi tnh cc
(CDR-Call Detail Record)./ iu khin qun l bng thng.
2.4. Cc giao thc iu khin v bo hiu trong mng NGN: Giao thc thit lp cuc gi: H.323, SIP, BICC./ Giao thc iu khin MG:
MGCP, MEGACO/H.248./ Giao thc iu khin SG: SIGTRAN (SS7)./ Giao thc truyn thng tin: RTP/RCTP.
3.1. Signalling Gateway: to ra mt chic cu gia mng bo hiu SS7 vi mng IP di s iu khin ca MGC./ SG lm cho Softswitch
ging nh mt nt SS7 trong mng bo hiu SS7. Nhim v ca SG l x l thng tin bo hiu.
3.2. Cc chc nng ca Signalling Gateway: Cung cp mt kt ni vt l n mng bo hiu./ Truyn thng tin bo hiu gia Media
Gateway Controller v Signalling Gateway thng qua mng IP./ Cung cp ng dn truyn dn cho thoi, d liu v cc dng d liu khc.
(Thc hin truyn d liu l nhim v ca Media Gateway)./ Cung cp cc hot ng SS7 c s sn sng cao cho cc dch v vin thng.
3.3 Cc giao thc: Giao thc SIGTRAN (Gii php truyn ti bo hiu SS7 qua mng IP), Giao thc SCTP (Stream Control Transport
Protocol), Cc giao thc thch ng.
4.1. So snh cc giao thc ngang hng (H.323, SIP, BICC) v cc giao thc ch t (MGCP, MEGACO/H2.48)
Ch t Ngang hng
Khai thc
-Thit b cng n gin
-Cc ng dng c t ti cc Server.
-Thit b cng thng minh, phc tp
-Tng tc ngang hng
Trin khai dch v
-Ch trin khai dch v trn cc Server.
-Thi gian trin khai dch v trn mng ngn.
-Ch nng cp cc Server iu khin.
-Qun l dch v linh hot trn ton mng
-Trin khai trn tng thit b.
-Thi gian trin khai mng ln.
-Phi nng cp ton b cc thit b cng khi trin khai
mt dch v mi trn ton mng.
Chi ph
-Thit b cng c ti u v chi ph dn ti
tng chi ph gim.
-Vng i sn phm ca thit b cng di hn.
-Thit b cng c gi thnh cao lm cho chi ph tng th ln.
-Theo thi gian, thit b cng c th pahi3 thng xuyn
nng cp.

V d v giao thc - Megaco/H.248.
- MGCP.
- SIP.
- H.323
+c_im_cng_ngh_MPLS
1.c im:Tc nhanh hn v gim tr, Kh nng m rng (Scalability) ,n gin, Tit kim
ti nguyn mng ,Kh nng nh_tuyn_tt_hn.
2.Mt s c tnh ca MPLS:K thut lu lng ,Cung cp dch v IP da trn cc mng ring o ,Loi
b cu hnh a lp ,Tuyn hin ,H tr a lin kt v a giao thc.
+Cc thut ng truyn thng Sip: Call, Call leg, Client(mt chng trnh ng dng gi cc yu cu SIP), Conference, Downstream, Final
response, Initiator, calling party, caller, Invitation(mt yu cu c gi n mt ngi s dng), Invitee,/invited user, called party, callee, /
Location server( phn dch v nh v.), Outbound proxy, Parallel search , Ringback( chung bo hiu c to ra bi ng dng) .