Fiberglass Tank Installation Manual

FI BERGLASS
UNDERGROUND
STORAGE TANKS

POTABLE WATER FIRE CISTERNS RAIN CAPTURE
WASTEWATER TREATMENT LANDSCAPE IRRIGATION
STORMWATER DETENTION KINETIC WATER FEATURES
Appl i c at i on & I nst al l at i on I nf or mat i on

Phone: (800) 232-8660 Fax: (303) 644-5001
Internet: www.darcoinc.com E-mail: info@darcoinc.com.

2007 DARCO, INC ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIBERGLASS TANK INSTALLATION MANUAL

The following information deals only with the installation of FIBERGLASS water
storage tanks distributed & warranted by Darco Incorporated, Bennett Colorado.

Written by:
J ohn Small
Darco, Inc.

AutoCAD Drafting by:
J eff Sagerman / Darco Inc.

Illustrations and layout by:
Kim Seipp / High Plains Graphics
Terrye Hoffman / Prairie Skies Technical Services, LLC

FRPMAN 8
Latest revision date: September, 2007

To contact Darco Inc:
Phone Toll Free 1- 800-232- 8660

Fax 1-303-644-5001

Mail (payments and invoices):
Darco Inc.
P.O. Box 779
Bennett, Colorado
80102

Ship to (manufacturing facility):
Darco Inc.
980 Darco Drive
Bennett, Colorado
80102

The following information is written and illustrated in a non-technical manner in
an attempt to make the Owner of our products aware of the installation
procedure. He should understand the basic site and design related decisions that
he or his engineer and installing contractor must make. We feel it is critical that
the Owner have sufficient knowledge of this process to enable him to monitor or
direct the installation of our products to his ultimate satisfaction.

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FRP TANK INSTALLATION INDEX BY TOPIC AND PAGE
INTRODUCTION 1
A FEW WORDS ABOUT WATER TODAY ........................................................ 1
APPLICATIONS FOR AND THE ADVANTAGES OF FRP TANKS .................. 3
DELIVERY AND INSPECTION ......................................................................... 4
HANDLING AND STORING FIBERGLASS TANKS .......................................... 6
TANK BEDDING AND BACKFILL MATERIAL .................................................. 8
BASIC DESIGN LAYOUTS ............................................................................. 11
SELECTING THE BEST SITE TO INSTALL YOUR SYSTEM ........................ 14
HOLE SIZE AND WORKING CLEARANCE FOR BACKFILL ......................... 16
DEADMEN, SLAB ANCHORS, AND BED UNDER DRAINS .......................... 17
TRAFFIC SLABS FOR AUTOS AND TRUCKS .............................................. 23
NON-TRAFFIC BEARING SLABS .................................................................. 24
BURIAL DEPTH, VENT ICING, AND INSULATION ........................................ 24
PROPER VENTING DETAILS ........................................................................ 26
MOUNDED BURIAL ABOVE SPRING LINE ................................................... 27
COMMON TANK ACCESSORIES AS SEEN IN ILLUSTRATIONS ................ 28
Manway Extensions ..................................................................................... 29
Manway Enclosures ..................................................................................... 29
Tank Fittings for Pipeline Connections......................................................... 29
Inspection Hatches ...................................................................................... 29
Water Level Gauges .................................................................................... 31
Float Valves ................................................................................................. 31
Quick Disconnects ....................................................................................... 32
Inlet Filters ................................................................................................... 33
Overflow Piping ............................................................................................ 33
High Water Level Control ............................................................................. 34
Flexible Tank-to-Pipeline Couplings ............................................................ 35
Submersible Pump Mounting Platforms ....................................................... 37
Rural Suction Dry Fire Hydrants or City Style Dry Barrel Hydrants .............. 37
Custom Made Accessories .......................................................................... 38

INSTALLATION 39
DIGGING A HOLE AND GETTING THE PROJ ECT STARTED ...................... 39
OPTIONAL WATER BALLAST FOR TANK STABILITY .................................. 39
TANK DEFLECTION MEASUREMENTS ........................................................ 42
HYDROSTATIC LEAK TESTING .................................................................... 43
GEOTEXTILE FILTER FABRIC ...................................................................... 43
PVC PIPING .................................................................................................... 44
UNRESTRAINED MECHANICAL COMPRESSION J OINTS (MJ s) ................ 45
POTABLE WATER OR "DRINKING WATER" TANK ISSUES ........................ 45
FIRE CISTERN ISSUES ................................................................................. 46
SEPTIC TANK ISSUES ................................................................................... 49
SAFETY ISSUES ............................................................................................ 50
CONTRACTOR'S QUICK CHECK INSTALLATION PROCEDURE ................ 51
WARRANTY DETAILS .................................................................................... 53
TANK PURCHASE GUIDE SPECIFICATION ................................................. 55
CUSTOMER COMMENTS AND INSTALLATION EXPERIENCES ................ 57
DRAWINGS 59

Fiberglass Tank Product Line Part 1 ............................................................................................. 60
Fiberglass Tank Product Line Part 2 ............................................................................................. 61
Flex Couplers 1 .............................................................................................................................. 62
Flex Couplers 2 .............................................................................................................................. 63
Overflows ....................................................................................................................................... 64
Float Valve High Level Control ...................................................................................................... 65
Inlet Filter For Well Water .............................................................................................................. 66
Fire Cistern Concepts #1 ............................................................................................................... 67
Fire Cistern Concepts (Suction) .................................................................................................... 70
Fire Sprinkler Reservoir ................................................................................................................. 71
Fire Apparatus Pump Test Station ................................................................................................ 72
Manway Information 1 ................................................................................................................... 73
Submersible Pump With Float Controls ........................................................................................ 77
Float Switch Tree in Manway ........................................................................................................ 78
J et Pump in Manway Vault ............................................................................................................ 79
Potable Water Treatment & Delivery System ................................................................................ 80
Wet Well Delivery System ............................................................................................................. 81
Insulated Underground Tanks ....................................................................................................... 82
H-20 Traffic Slab Details ................................................................................................................ 83
Crested Butte Installation Photos .................................................................................................. 84


2007 DARCO, INC ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
I N T R O D U C T I O N
A FEW WORDS ABOUT WATER TODAY

As we are all aware, the quality, and in many cases the quantity, of our drinking
water supply is becoming a daily topic of discussion. 30 years ago, nobody gave it a
thought - - - so what's happening?

As population grows, more of us rely on fresh water supplies every day, and our
culture is slowly changing. Most urban American adults take at least one shower
every day. Those of us who desire to live outside the city will require more wells and
septic systems every year. Commercial farming is increasing the use of high
powered chemicals and fertilizers. Industrial waste is becoming more difficult to
dispose of safely. High tech water analysis equipment can now easily detect water
pollution in parts per billion. Our federal government has created the "Safe Drinking
Water Act" which is costing all of us tax dollars as we clean up past problems and
better protect our future environment. We turn our noses up when tap water smells
of chlorine, even though chlorination is probably the one greatest boon to public
health in the last century. Trendy bottled drinking water costs more than gasoline,
and we pay without a whimper.

The concept of recycling or stepped use of fresh water resources is becoming a
reality. The irrigation of city parks and golf courses is now often done with partially
treated wastewater to avoid the unnecessary cost of water treatment to drinking
water standards. Many rural western families living in semi-arid areas save filtered
gray water from their washing machines and gutters for irrigation of trees and
flowers. This helps reduce the load on their wells and septic systems.

We now seem to want control or choice of everything we eat and drink; "Certified
Organic" vegetables, "Free Range" poultry, "Steroid Free" meats, and water
"Polished" at the point of use, by a little filter gizmo hidden below our own kitchen
counter. We think nothing of taking our personal water to a restaurant in a plastic
sport bottle. When I see this sort of thing, I keep thinking I must be in some
undeveloped country - not Denver Colorado, home base for the "American Water
Works Association".

We Americans are starting to seriously decentralize after more than 100 years of
centralization. People today really aren't too sure about that big building downtown
that treats millions of gallons of goop out of the river, and then sends it through
questionable pipes to you know who. Is it safe to drink? - - yes, beyond a doubt.
Does it always taste and smell like Rocky Mountain spring water? - - probably not.
Are the costs of collecting, treating, and transporting domestic potable water and
wastewater increasing? - - yes, in many cases dramatically. As a result, many large
industrial manufacturers and commercial agricultural processors are taking control of
these escalating costs by investing in their own water and wastewater processing
equipment - and in so, further decentralizing.

2 2007 DARCO, INC ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Shopping centers and office parks are being built miles away from the nearest city
water line or sewer. Many urban families yearn to move 15 miles outside town, or
even to go "off grid" and be totally self sufficient. This expanding new
decentralization movement is possible due in part to recent technological advances
dealing with small scale treatment and storage of drinking water, solar and wind
power generation, and efficient on site wastewater treatment. Such technologies are
increasingly more attractive and practical as the cost of centralized municipal
infrastructure creeps ever upward.

A common component in several of these new technologies is the storage of water
and waste in high quality, long life, corrosion proof, fiberglass (FRP) tanks. We are
all familiar with central water system storage tanks located on the tops of hills
around most cities or on ugly elevated steel towers. Most private or decentralized
potable water systems incorporate storage tanks as well, but you rarely see them.
Since the capacity required is much smaller, you will find water storage systems
buried below landscaped greenbelts and below auto parking lots, out of site
underground, where it remains cool and safe.

Our resilient economy and attractive interest rates over the past 20 plus years have
allowed many commercial businesses and manufacturers to move away from big
cities to a more peaceful rural environment. Such decentralization has its drawbacks
or tradeoffs, particularly in the area of fire protection. The high volume fire fighting
water flows required for life safety and fire insurance coverage are generally
unavailable directly from the water wells serving such establishments. As a result, a
storage reservoir is required for fire sprinklers and mobile fire suppression apparatus
based on NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) standards. Fiberglass fire
cisterns are commonly installed to provide such a water source for both hard piped
sprinkler systems and trucks.

Domestic potable water may also be stored in a similar underground fiberglass
vessel. Small volumes of well water are continuously collected, treated, and stored
for the upcoming day's needs. Wastewater must be treated and returned to the
ground through a septic system, constructed wetland, or similar approved process.
Again, large underground fiberglass tanks properly engineered for wastewater
treatment are a cost effective, long life, environmentally friendly choice where
municipal sewer lines may not be practical.

Underground fiberglass vessels are available from Darco in capacities ranging from
15,000 gallons to 75,000 gallons with diameters of 8, 10, 12 & 13 feet. Several tanks
may be effectively manifolded together to create a larger storage system as
necessary. Large multi-tank designs are very cost effective when compared to
concrete tanks in the 50,000 to 250,000 gallon range, particularly if the site is
remote and the concrete must be transported long distances.
APPLICATIONS FOR AND THE ADVANTAGES OF FRP TANKS
20 REASONS WHY A DARCO FIBERGLASS (FRP) UNDERGROUND WATER
STORAGE SYSTEM SHOULD BE THE FIRST CHOICE TO MEET YOUR
DRINKING WATER, WASTEWATER, AND FIRE PROTECTION WATER NEEDS
1. FRP tanks are manufactured from a food contact grade fiberglass resin and
are safe for the temporary storage of drinking water (potable water).
2. Properly buried water tanks won't freeze - no worries about insulation and
electrical heating, even in high mountain areas and northern states.
3. Underground water temperatures average about 50 degrees - an environment
less likely to support the growth of algae or bacteria.
4. Steel tanks will eventually rust and corrode. With or without protective coatings,
it is just a matter of time - FRP tanks will never rust or corrode.
5. Underground tanks with lockable hatches are safe - out of site and out of mind -
less likely to be vandalized or create an "attractive nuisance."
6. You may purchase FRP tanks directly from Darco Inc. in Bennett, Colorado
7. FRP tanks can be cost effectively truck shipped from coast to coast in the
continental United States or by sea to remote off shore installation sites.
8. FRP tanks meet the basic National Fire Protection Association 1142 and
NFPA 22 structural design, storage capacity, and fire flow requirements.
9. FRP tanks make excellent single and multiple compartment septic tanks or
sewage vaults, but must have prior approval from the local Dept. of Health
10. Large multiple tank systems can be arranged in any pattern necessary to meet
a required excavation footprint - "L" shaped for instance.
11. All Darco fiberglass tanks are pressure and vacuum tested when made, so there
is no need for dangerous on site pressure testing prior to installation.
12. FRP tanks are less expensive per gallon compared to drinking water quality
reinforced concrete tanks in the 50,000 to 250,000 gallon size range.
13. FRP tanks may be bedded and backfilled with common pea gravel or chips.
14. Fiberglass tanks are light in weight and easy to move and position on site.
15. FRP tanks will withstand the weight of automobiles and trucks when properly
installed beneath an approved concrete traffic slab on grade.
16. Concrete tanks will eventually hairline crack and leak to some degree - this
also means that untreated groundwater may be infiltrating from outside.
17. You can haul a 15,000 gallon tank by flat bed trailer behind a 1-ton pick-up.
18. Systems may be set up with compartmentalized or baffled chambers, such as
a 20,000 gallon tank incorporating one 6000 gallon drinking water compartment
unconnected to 14,000 gallons ready for fire protection.
19. FRP cisterns meet NFPA 299 rural fire fighting flow standards often required
for homeowner insurance coverage in remote forested areas.
20. For an additional fee, job specific tank designs may be approved and sealed by
our Professional Underground Tank Engineer, retained by Darco Inc.

DELIVERY AND INSPECTION
It is the responsibility of the Owner or his contractor to inspect each tank while on
the delivery trailer for any signs of damage before signing the driver's delivery
paperwork. Take possession and offload only after you are comfortable with the
condition of your new tank. Be particularly careful to inspect for serious abrasions or
scars along the bottom, possibly caused by contact with the delivery trailer bed.
Minor scuffing and surface scratches should not be a source of concern. In the
unlikely event you do find freight damage, make careful notation in the appropriate
place on the shipping paperwork. Have our driver inspect the damage, and put his
signature with date by your written statement. If possible, hold the truck on the
site while you call Darco or your tank dealer for further instructions.
1. Fiberglass tanks should only be lifted from above using accepted rigging
procedures and lifting angles as illustrated on the following pages.
2. Use a crane for lifting large tanks rather than attempting to use earthmoving
equipment such as a track hoe or large wheel loader.
3. Attach to all designated lifting lugs with equal length slings and shackles for
proper load distribution. Safety wire chain hooks if shackles are not used.
4. If you must use a track hoe, be certain you have enough vertical reach to
maintain the desired 60 degree included lifting angle on all rigging as illustrated.
A spreader beam will simplify rigging in such cases due to limited bucket height.
Working from the top of a ramped soil mound can also increase total lift height.
5. If you have no other choice and must use a large front loader, bolt two heavy
I-beam lifting stingers into the bucket corners to simplify rigging and to avoid
any possible contact between the tank and teeth, when curled.
6. Do not lift any fiberglass tank from below with forks.
7. Do not lift with chains or steel cables wrapped around the body of the tank.
8. Never pressure test any tank on site without an approved testing manifold.

It is also the responsibility of the Owner to coordinate the delivery of his tank by
providing a detailed local map or pilot car to direct our truck driver to the job site.
Consider the width, height, length when routing and be sure the driver can turn
around easily once unloaded. The owner is expected to have adequate manpower, a
20 foot extension ladder, rigging gear, and lifting equipment to unload the delivery
vehicle in a safe and timely manner. Deliveries must be made on or near a publicly
maintained roadway. Delivery drivers are instructed not to enter any local or
private road which may possibly damage his equipment, create a hazard, or cause
him a delay of any kind.

IMPORTANT Do not expect our delivery driver to "off-road" or take chances with
his tractor-trailer for your convenience - Plan ahead, please be ready !



WARNING Do not air pressure test without a factory approved testing
manifold, which includes pressure relief and accurate low pressure gauging.

HANDLING AND STORING FIBERGLASS TANKS
If a tank must be stored on site for a few days prior to installation, it must be placed
on a flat soil area for uniform support along the entire bottom. Chock it into place
with rubber tires and consider lashing the tank down as illustrated if high winds are
possible. Use several opposing guide ropes to control the tank while it is in the air
and never walk under or ride on a tank while being positioned.

WARNING All 8 foot through 12 foot diameter Darco fiberglass tanks have
the same 6 lift lug configuration and rigging procedure. Fiberglass tanks must be
picked off the delivery trailer with one set of 4 lugs and then placed on the ground in
a flat, rock free area. They are then rotated to the proper vertical position and
repicked with a different combination of 4 lugs for final positioning in the open hole.


Tanks should not be rolled any distance or skidded, and should not be placed on
top of rough frozen ground or frozen gravel. If the bedding material is icy or covered
with snow, remove the snow and break up the frozen gravel to avoid point loading
the vessel when positioned. Lifting lugs are designed for empty tank weight only.
If you must use a secondary trailer to transport your tank from the Darco delivery
point into a remote or difficult to reach job site, be sure this secondary trailer offers
full belly support under the entire length of the vessel. Use numerous old rubber
tires on the trailer deck to help cushion the tank and to avoid point load damage to
the ribs.

TANK BEDDING AND BACKFILL MATERIAL
A 30,000 gallon tanks holds over 100 tons of water. It doesn't take much
imagination to consider the catastrophic results of incorrectly supporting the belly of
such a vessel with improper backfill material or installation technique. Specified
backfill is used to replace the native soil below, along side, and over the entire
vessel to guarantee that the tank is solidly supported and totally "encapsulated" in a
homogeneous gravel medium. This dry gravel material must be shoveled into place
and then probed to 95% density without trapping air pockets or void spaces. Native
soil containing clay clods or silty fines is virtually impossible to compact uniformly
and lacks the ability to flow properly when probed beneath the vessel. Hand probing
(not violent tamping) is required to consolidate the select supporting gravel backfill
under any fiberglass tank. The result of using improper backfill material or improper
probing technique is tank distortion and settling which may cause tank fitting
cracks and pipeline leaks. Your warranty is based on the use of proper backfill
materials and conscientious but gentle hand probing as illustrated.

IMPORTANT
Approved Backfill:
1. May be "pea" gravel ranging from approximately1/8 to 1/2 inch diameter.
2. May be crushed rock or chips ranging from 1/4 to 1/2 inch screen size.
3. May be a substitute material if approved in writing before installation.
4. 1 thru 3 above must have no individual particles or stones over 1/2 inch size.
5. 1 thru 3 must be dry and free of ice, snow, and debris.
6. 1 thru 3 must be sound, weigh at least 100 pounds per cubic foot, and be
washed and classified so that no more than 5% will pass through a #8 sieve.




Ramped loader access with benched side walls

WARNING Follow OSHA 1926.650/P safety guidelines for pipeline
trenching and tank hole excavation. Back slope or bench the sidewalls for safety
while working in the hole to place and probe gravel backfill below the tank

IMPORTANT Do not attempt to use low cost unsatisfactory generic or non-spec
materials often identified by slang names such as: road base, squeegee, structural
fill, or crusher fines. If you have questions as to the suitability of any potential
backfill material, contact your tank supplier or Darco before performing the
installation. A sieve analysis or small sample of your proposed substitute material
may be requested when you ask for our approval to deviate from the specification.
The backfill material used when installing our polyethylene tanks is not identical to
the fiberglass installation requirements. Be sure when you download Darco
Installation Instructions that they are for the correct type of vessel you are
preparing to install (fiberglass or polyethylene).

IMPORTANT Tanks must be completely bedded, surrounded, and covered
with gravel and hand probed to 95% density to avoid air pockets or void spaces. No
soil may be replaced between the freshly cut side walls of the hole, as illustrated.
Geotextile fabric is recommended as a separation membrane to eliminate migration
between dissimilar cover materials.
BASIC DESIGN LAYOUTS

Underground tank installations generally fall into one of the 3 categories: Full Bury,
Side Hill, or Mounded Bury. Common bury depths range from 1 to 4 feet of cover
depending on the amount of sub-zero winter weather traditionally expected. Tank
installations may be insulated to reduce this bury depth when desirable. Typically 3
feet of soil cover is adequate for an ice free installation across the northern states
unless weather conditions are severe. The minimum soil cover in warm southern
states is 1 foot.

1. FULL BURY installations should be slightly mounded to divert surface water from
saturating the gravel bed. If seasonal high ground water or perched water is
probable, we strongly recommend that concrete deadman anchors be installed to
avoid possible floatation of partially empty tanks.


2. SIDE HILL installations require that no less than the bottom half of the tank be
captured in a pocket of undisturbed natural soil for proper support. If high ground
water or perched water is probable, install a sub-drain or bed drain running down
hill to daylight to relieve any water trapped in the tank bedding material.

3. MOUNDED BURY installations also require that no less than half the tank be
placed below the undisturbed natural grade for proper support. Mechanically
anchoring tanks in mounded applications is not entirely effective due to the lack of
material above the tank and the resulting limited down force to counteract buoyancy.

IMPORTANT Never add previously excavated soil behind specified backfill to
reduce the amount of gravel necessary or to save money. The tank walls and end
heads must bear directly on clean gravel which then bears directly on the soil of the
undisturbed walls in the hole. Any replaced soil between the tank and the side walls
will compress and subside over time leaving the tank unsupported and vulnerable to
distortion and stress. In wide angle excavations where the side walls will not stand
or continuously slough off, cut the 4 walls back severely. Probe and mound backfill
gravel below and over the tank to the backfill materials natural angle of repose.
Finish by covering with geotextile fabric and then replacing the soil cover to a slightly
mounded grade. Follow the same backfill process when using a dozer or loader to
cut the hole incorporating shallow angle entry or exit ramps as illustrated.



SELECTING THE BEST SITE TO INSTALL YOUR SYSTEM
Underground storage tanks can be installed to discharge water by gravity or pump,
based on whether the tank is located above or below the elevation of intended water
use. It is often beneficial to bury a UST (Underground Storage Tank) into a hillside or
on a knoll above the point of use. If this vertical distance is sufficient, considerable
static water pressure can be generated. Water exerts a force of .43 pounds of
pressure (psi) per foot of elevation. If you were to install a storage tank 80 feet
above your home, you would develop approximately 35 pounds of static pressure in
the water system. You must however, deduct the friction loss or pressure drop
caused by the water moving through the pipelines. Low pressure gravity flow
systems function best when piping runs are short and the pipeline diameters are
relatively large, thereby reducing such friction loss pressure drop to a minimum.

Fire protection cisterns are often set up for discharge slightly downhill to a fire
hydrant. J ust a few feet of drop between the tank bottom and the hydrant creates
sufficient pressure to force water directly into the fire truck pump when the hydrant is
opened. Flooding the suction inlet eliminates the need to vacuum prime the fire
pump. This may save precious minutes for Firefighters working in the dark on a cold
December night. Design gravity flow systems with large diameter short run
discharge piping in mind. Sucking water vertically up out of a buried cistern or pond
is called drafting" and becomes increasingly more difficult for any water pump as
this vertical lift exceeds 10 feet. Always design such draft water supply systems
with minimum vertical water lift in mind.

When underground storage tanks are located in flat level areas, several critical
issues should be taken into consideration. If there is any possibility that a heavy
vehicle could drive over your tank, erect a fence or barricade. If you wish to install a
driveway over the storage tank, you will need to construct an approved concrete
traffic slab to properly distribute and bridge the vehicle weight over your tank. Rain
water should never be allowed to pool and saturate the tank burial site. Mound soil
slightly over the tank to compensate for settling over time. Channel surface water
away from the site, and seed grass to retard erosion.

In areas with the potential for occasional high ground water, it is advisable to
anchor FRP tanks down to approved concrete deadman. Unanchored empty tanks
can actually float right out of the ground due to unusually wet soil conditions. The
decision to use an anchor system should be made by a person who is familiar with
the soil conditions and seasonal water table at your specific site.

When in doubt about the groundwater level, dig an inspection hole or consult a
geotechnical professional. Under normal conditions, a deadman anchor system will
be adequate. In well-drained soils or dry Western states, anchoring is rarely
necessary.

HOLE SIZE AND WORKING CLEARANCE FOR BACKFILL
1. Allow for 12 inches of bedding material below each vessel.
2. Allow a minimum of 18 inches from the tank to the excavation walls.
3. Allow 18 inches between individual tanks set side-by-side or end-to-end.
(tank to tank clearance must be increased when using deadman anchors)
4. Follow OSHA 1926.650/P excavation safety guidelines when installing tanks.

IMPORTANT The following is a list of physical conditions that are not suitable
for standard FRP tank installations. Additional consideration and special attention
must be given to these conditions or your warranty may become void. If you have
any doubts or questions about a proposed installation site, call Darco for
preliminary assistance at 800-232-8660.
1. Unstable soil, defined as having a load bearing capacity of less than 2000
pounds / square ft. or a cohesion value of less than 500 pounds / square ft.
2. Surface auto or truck traffic without an approved concrete slab on grade.
3. Locations suspect of being totally saturated during the rainy or wet season.
4. Marshy or tidal conditions.
5. Landfill sites of any type.
6. Wet holes (water encountered during excavation).
7. Hydro-compactive or hydro-expansive soils (Bentonite is hydro-expansive).
8. Probable flood plains along the banks of creeks, rivers, or lakes.
9. Storage of hot water above 150 degrees Fahrenheit (such as generated by solar
heat systems, process cooling water, or geothermal springs).
10. Unapproved structural tank modifications.
11. Use above ground without proper support and structural design approval.
12. Storage of liquids or materials other than water.

WARNING Darco neither permits nor approves the use of our FRP tank
systems to store any liquid other than water or water based domestic sewage
without prior project review and specific written approval. Under no circumstances
are tanks to be used for the storage of waste oil, motor fuels, process chemicals,
or potentially hazardous materials of any type.

DEADMEN, SLAB ANCHORS, AND BED UNDER DRAINS
If you have concerns that your water storage system may be subject to ground water
at some time in the future or if you expect the tanks to be low on water for extended
periods, you may wish to install an anchor system. Whenever possible, keep your
underground tank full rather than empty. Another simple way to guard against
possible floatation is to locate your system in such a way that the gravel bedding
under the tank can be automatically drained of any accumulated water. This will
require that the tank be located on the side of a hill, near a ravine. Any water
building up under the tank can then be collected in fabric covered perforated piping
and directed downhill by gravity to a daylight discharge. This sub-drain or French
drain concept can also be accomplished with a remote water collection pit and an
electric sump pump, but at greater expense and at the risk of power failures.





Deadman anchors are solid concrete castings of the appropriate size, reinforced
with multiple full length #5 rebars as illustrated. Deadmen are suitable for any
standard installation where the ground water level will not rise higher than the
spring line or center of the tank . Each deadman must be secured to 2 or more
anchor straps and must pull downward on the tank in an even and balanced
manner. Most tanks will require multiple deadmen along each side, laid end to end.
These concrete anchors are easily poured in cardboard or wooden forms, or in
special half round fiberglass forms available from Darco with your tank order.
Determine the individual deadman lengths from your tank drawing and consider the
lifting weight of each anchor you pour. Have the deadmen ready in advance so you
can use a crane to set both your tank and the anchors into the hole on the same
day. Position and wire the rebar into each form as illustrated. Insert several rebar
loops sticking out the top for easy handling with chains. Allow deadmen to cure for
several days and then carefully lift them at 2 balanced points to avoid cracking the
green concrete. Position each deadman in the hole slightly beyond the tank major
diameter, as illustrated. Check your tank drawing to confirm all the fiberglass straps
are properly located for each specific Darco tank size. Hand tension 1/2 inch solid
core 6 x 19 galvanized wire rope straight down from each anchor strap eyelet and
around the deadman below. Once all the tie-down cables are single clamped into
place, go back over each assembly for a second time to remove all slack using your
anchor strap tensioning tool. Steel anchor cables require 3 clamps at every
overlapping connection when tensioning is completed.


IMPORTANT Follow the installation instructions regarding Darco Fiberglass
Anchor Straps, Darco Half Round Fiberglass Deadman Forms, and the Darco
Anchor Strap Tensioning Tool provided with your anchor strap order.

A full slab anchor rather than deadmen is appropriate and advisable under the
following general conditions:
1. Severe predictable or constant high groundwater conditions where the ground
water rises above the center or spring line of the vessel
2. Soil bearing is marginal (less than 2000 pounds per square foot)
3. Landfill applications where subsidence may occur with time
4. Clay soils that expand or contract radically as their moisture level changes
5. Active seismic areas
6. The tank must be located in a riparian area near a lake or in a river flood plain

Such under slabs are heavily reinforced, 12 inch thick concrete monoliths which
extend outward beyond the tank perimeter on all 4 sides as specified. Anchoring
Lugs are cast into the slab and slide over the internal steel reinforcing bars to create
an anchor point for each strap as illustrated. The cable tie-down procedure and soil
cover requirements are the same as with a deadman anchor system. Please refer to
the appropriate illustrations and charts for the correct component sizes and proper
bury depth for either style anchor system.



IMPORTANT For proper anchoring down force, the effective minimum tank
bury depth must be correct. This depth must be maintained over the entire
excavation area. In addition, if a mounded soil cover is used, extend this mounded
depth outward to the sides at least 5 additional feet beyond the deadmen or slab
anchor.

TRAFFIC SLABS FOR AUTOS AND TRUCKS
As a rule, we discourage locating an underground tank system where it will be
subject to vehicle traffic. When there is no alternative, a properly reinforced
concrete traffic slab must be poured above the tank to distribute and bridge the
extra vehicle weight. No previously excavated soil may be used between the tank
and the surface slab. 100% specified material must be applied to meet or exceed the
minimum 16 depth from the top of the tank to the bottom of the slab. Manhole
access covers poured into the slab must be isolated from direct contact with fitting
risers or a rigid fiberglass manway access extension. Set manhole rings in a slightly
raised area to avoid surface water pooling and seepage into the tank bedding past
the iron cover. The slab over the tank area must be poured 8 inches thick, be
properly cured, and incorporate 2 opposing layers of #5 rebar on 16 inch centers.
The rebar layers must be centered vertically in the slab and lay perpendicular to
each other forming a "mat" configuration. This heavily reinforced surface slab must
extend 3 feet beyond the tank perimeter where it passes above the storage tank
as illustrated. Do not use insulation board of any type between the tank and a
traffic slab.


IMPORTANT This concrete traffic slab information may be confusing or
incomplete for your job. Please call Darco to review your slab design if you have
questions.

NON-TRAFFIC BEARING SLABS
When an FRP tank system must be buried beneath a concrete surface that will not
need to support the weight of vehicles, the slab requirements are reduced. The
select backfill process remains the same as for a traffic surface, however the
concrete thickness and reinforcement requirements can be reduced to meet the
non-traffic loads anticipated.

WARNING Never install any tank directly below or near a load bearing
foundation wall, footing, or caisson.

BURIAL DEPTH, VENT ICING, AND INSULATION
Northern climates with frost reaching over 3 feet deep can cause tank icing
problems. Properly insulating your tank and any shallow piping is always advisable.
Extruded polystyrene foam board insulation specifically designed for underground
use is your best insurance against tank surface icing and pipeline freeze-up. FRP
tanks can tolerate some minor icing so long as the vent pipe is not frozen and
blocked. A plugged or frozen vent line can cause an internal vacuum to form during
rapid water discharge and may lead to structural tank damage. Adjust the water
supply level control device to maintain several inches of air space at the top of each
vessel as illustrated. In some applications you may want to install a high level
overflow pipe to maintain an adequate air space and prevent water from ever
freezing in the vertical pipe risers.

Our recommended procedure in sub-zero climates is to insulate above the entire
excavated area with 2 inch thick underground rated board insulation, followed by 2
feet of soil cover to grade, plus an additional 12 inches of mounded soil above
grade. This standard insulated design is based on 36 inches of total soil cover plus 2
inches of the proper board insulation and has proven to be effective in northern
climates. A deeper bury depth plus additional layers of foam board insulation may be
applied when conditions are extreme. If you are in doubt about the suitability of any
proposed insulation board material or bury depth, please contact Darco. As a
general rule, 2 inches of foundation grade high density extruded polystyrene foam
board (pink or blue board) has an effective insulating value equal to 18 inches of
natural soil cover, provided the entire excavated opening is insulated as illustrated
and kept reasonably dry. Locate the insulation board a few inches above the tank,
between the gravel backfill and soil cover. Slope it slightly downward toward the
outer edges of the excavation as illustrated. It is not necessary to use geotextile
fabric when installing insulation since the boards effectively isolate the two different
backfill materials.

IMPORTANT Standard Darco FRP tanks are designed for a maximum bury
depth of 5 feet which includes the thickness of a traffic slab or any soil mound
above natural grade. Consult with Darco regarding special tank designs for deeper
bury applications.



PROPER VENTING DETAILS
Size vents to match or exceed the diameter of the largest external pipe feeding into
or discharging from the tank system. Fiberglass tanks are designed to operate at
atmospheric pressure under all conditions. Avoid potentially destructive internal
vacuum or pressure conditions. Vents must be screened for insects and guarded
against accidental damage or vandalism. Darco offers 4 inch, 6 inch, and 8 inch
diameter standard PVC vent assemblies with plastic guards and replaceable
stainless steel screens which may be ordered along with your tank. Use multiple
vents where larger water discharge pipe sizes are involved.

IMPORTANT Properly sized venting is critical when very high volume flows are
anticipated, such as in fire cistern applications. Inspect vents regularly for blockage
caused by vines or insect nests. Maintain the proper air space and be sure the vent
outlet is above the anticipated maximum snow depth.


MOUNDED BURIAL ABOVE SPRING LINE
Under certain conditions it may be more practical to bury your tank only partially
below ground and then mound soil over the tank to protect it, as illustrated. Some of
these common applications are as follows:
1. The location is in an area of the country where there is no problem with frost.
2. There may be solid rock less than 10 feet below grade making a deep excavation
impractical or extremely expensive.
3. Ground water may be avoided with a shallow burial close to the surface.
4. The mound of soil over the tank is an effective way to deter vehicles from driving
over the site.

In all such cases a bermed or mounded installation is practical and cost effective
provided the following guideline is followed. In order to provide proper support,
underground fiberglass tanks must be buried to "spring line" or deeper. This means
the undisturbed soil around the hole must support or cradle at least the bottom half
of every tank. A bury depth less than this may allow the tank to become slightly out
of round or bulge at the spring line which can eventually lead to structural problems.


IMPORTANT FRP tanks must be totally supported, bedded, and properly
backfilled to a minimum depth of spring line along both sides and both end heads.
As an example; If the tank is theoretically 12 feet in diameter, it must be buried a
minimum distance of 6 feet below grade - or slightly deeper if possible.

Partial burial tanks should be carefully measured for deflection (out of round) both
during installation and after installation when completely filled with water.

Mounded tanks may be insulated with foam board if necessary and should be
covered with no less than 12 inches of soil, more if possible. The soil cover will keep
the sun off the tank surface and help regulate the temperature of the stored water,
keeping it cool and fresh in warm climates.

Cover mounds must be built up sufficiently to allow the soil to hold its normal angle
of repose (approximately 1 to 1 slope or 45 degrees). Mounded sites almost always
need additional soil and regular attention for the first few years until the soil settles
and grass binds the sloping sides into a root mass. If grass refuses to take hold or
burns out; add additional soil depth, decrease the slope angle, and water sparingly
after reseeding.

IMPORTANT Avoid placing large rocks or heavy landscape components
above a tank, and discourage unnecessary use of the site as well.

COMMON TANK ACCESSORIES AS SEEN IN ILLUSTRATIONS
Your tank system will require certain accessory components such as:
1. Manway extension to grade
2. Manway enclosure
3. Flanged or threaded tank fittings
4. Water level inspection hatch
5. Water level gauge
6. Float valve inlet water level control
7. Quick disconnect for manway mounted accessories
8. Inlet water filter located inside the manway
9. Overflow piping
10. High water level control device
11. Flexible couplings connecting pipelines to a tank
12. Submersible pump mounting platform at the bottom of a tank
13. Rural "Suction Dry Hydrant" or municipal Dry Barrel Hydrant
14. Custom made accessories

Manway Extensions
Manway Extensions allow access into an underground vessel. Generally, they are
between 20 and 30 inches in diameter, and from 2 to 4 feet tall. When opening the
tank is a regular occurrence (such as in an RV park sewage holding vault which may
require weekly pump-outs) a 30 inch diameter manway and extension with a hinged
locking cover is recommended for ease of pumping with reasonable security. In
applications such as fire cisterns where access is rarely necessary, a 24 inch
manway with bolted cover is adequate. In such cases a small lockable inspection
hatch can be attached to the manway cover for water level monitoring. Some fire
departments purposely specify a shorter manway extension such that the bolted
cover can be buried slightly below the soil surface (out of sight and out of mind) in an
effort to avoid vandalism and potential liability. Manways for drinking water tanks
should be extended a foot or more above grade to avoid any chance of surface
water infiltration.
Manway Enclosures
Manway Enclosures are short lengths of large diameter fiberglass or plastic pipe that
surround a manway and create a vault or working space above the tank but below
the surface of the ground. In some cases the enclosure may actually be attached to
the tank while in others it simply creates a wall to hold the backfill material out.
Enclosures are commonly used where tank monitoring equipment or controls must
be located on top of the tank but in a secure weather resistant environment. The
manway diameter may be reduced to 20 inches when located inside an enclosure
and should be offset to one side for maximum working room. Enclosures located
under traffic slabs must be isolated or spaced away from the concrete to avoid
transferring weight and vibration from the vehicles above.
Tank Fittings for Pipeline Connections
Tank Fittings for Pipeline Connections up to 8 inch pipe size are standard in either
an ANSI flanged or NPT female pipe threaded configuration. Larger tank fitting
connections are available, but only in the flat flanged design. In certain applications it
may be more practical to bond PVC or fiberglass pipe stubs into the tank and then
make pipeline connections with compression mechanical joints. Contact Darco for
more detailed pipeline connection information.
Inspection Hatches
Inspection Hatches with padlockable 4 inch diameter caps are normally located on
the manway cover. This allows a quick visible inspection of the liquid level without
the lengthy process of removing the entire bolted manway cover. Inspection hatches
may also be used for other functions such as refilling and taking samples.


Water Level Gauges
Water Level Gauges are available in many types from fundamental direct reading
float styles to elaborate remote reading electronic devices. Darco manufactures only
a simple mechanical float and dial system that directly reads the inches of water in
storage, without the need for electric power. These inch by inch depth readings can
be easily converted to gallons based on the size of the tank on which it is installed.
Darco gauges have a weatherproof metal body with thick plastic lens through which
the level indicator tape is read. Our gauge mounts on a PVC riser pipe directly
above a threaded tank fitting and has a maximum water depth reading of 108
inches.
Float Valves
Float Valves are water level control devices similar to the valve that maintains the
correct water level in most toilet tanks. A large plastic float opens and closes a
delivery valve as water is used and then is automatically refilled. These simple and
trouble free devices are easy to install and require minimal maintenance. Darco
offers a standard one inch size valve assembly which is flow rated at 100 GPM at
50 PSI. Larger float valves are available, but may require special design
considerations.


Quick Disconnects
Quick Disconnects are used to make internal tank to pipeline connections. They can
be easily disconnected to repair or clean the attached equipment. Pumps and filters
are often quick connected in the manway where they can be easily removed from
the surface without entering the tank. Darco offers 1 inch and 2 inch sizes in brass or
polypropylene construction.

Inlet Filters
Inlet Filters are often used when incoming water contains small amounts of sand or
other particles which tend to build up a layer of silt in any storage tank. Wells often
carry sand along with the water which can be easily removed before storage. Darco
offers an inlet filter system incorporating a universal water filter cartridge and
pressure relief valve which activates only if the filter becomes completely plugged.
The filter assembly attaches to the manway collar and can be quickly removed with
a special T-handle tool from above. Darco sediment filters are 5 micron and are
plumbed for 1 inch pipe to flow approximately 10 GPM.

IMPORTANT Collecting water from gutters or pavement without screening and
coarse filtration can load up a storage system with mud and sludge in a few short
years. Removing this material and cleaning the tank is unpleasant, at best.
Consider installing a simple gravity interceptor or clarifier upstream prior to
storage. Contact Darco for additional information dealing with inlet water quality.
Overflow Piping
Overflow Piping is often used in storage systems where the inflow of water is
continuous or not controllable. When spring water is collected and piped into a
storage tank, any extra water can be diverted upstream before the tank or allowed to
flow through the tank system and overflow out the opposite end. Such an overflow
pipe should be larger than the size of the inlet pipe for ample surge flow capacity.
Always bury overflow piping below frost line and run it continuously down hill to the
point of daylight discharge. The outlet should include a swing check valve and easily

cleaned discharge screen to prevent insects and rodents from traveling back up the
overflow line and contaminating the cistern.

High Water Level Control
A High Level Control allows any excess water in the tank to seep slowly into the
backfill material surrounding the tank. A good example would be a fire cistern
system where any water used is replaced soon after the fire is out. If the Fire
Department tank truck dumps in too much water, the level in the tank may rise up
several feet up into the manway extension, vent riser pipe, and dry hydrant draw
pipe. This can lead to an ice blocked vent or a frozen fire hydrant. Installing a high
level control in such a tank allows the relatively small amount of excess water to
slowly trickle out into the backfill gravel. The water level then automatically drops
down to a predetermined safe ice free level, maintaining the proper air space at the
top of the storage tank.

IMPORTANT Never use a high level control in a tank being filled by a well or
pressure delivery water line. If the inlet valve were to malfunction, a great deal of
water could be diverted directly into the tank bedding by the high level control with
potentially destructive results. Pressure fed storage tank systems should incorporate
a remote overflow pipe to daylight or a high water level alarm. Darco can help you
with valving, water level alarm, and control issues.

WARNING High level control devices installed in potable water tanks
can be a source of ground water back flow contamination into the storage system.
If you intend to use such a device on a potable water system, install an approved
reverse flow check valve in the overflow discharge line. Darco factory high level
controls include this backflow protection and should be ordered along with your
tank accessory package. All tank plumbing and backflow prevention must meet
prevailing plumbing codes.

Flexible Tank-to-Pipeline Couplings
Flexible Tank-to-Pipeline Couplings or flex members are available from Darco with
any tankage order in a variety of applications and pressure ratings.
1. Zero pressure (0 PSI) rain water grommets used to tie roof leaders into the
manway extension, entering above the tank water level only
2. Medium pressure (25 PSI) rubber hump hoses used for septic, rain capture, and
gray water gravity flow lines.
3. Medium pressure (25 PSI) convoluted stainless steel members with male pipe
threads and an external vinyl jacket for tank inlet and return lines.
4. Pump pressure rated (75 PSI) single arch flanged rubber member or convoluted
stainless with male pipe threads and external braid reinforcement for pump
discharge lines.
5. Compression mechanical joints (75 PSI) for stub pipe connections at inlet or
discharge points.
Please review the following illustrations and contact Darco for assistance when
selecting the appropriate flexible couplers for your project.



IMPORTANT Please understand that flex couplers are not required but are
simply recommended as an accessory product to be used when and if they are
requested by the Owner or his Engineer due to specific site related issues.
Submersible Pump Mounting Platforms
Submersible Pump Mounting Platforms are installed below the manway with
sufficient tank clearance for through bolting equipment into place with stainless steel
fasteners. Such platforms can be used to locate a variety of submersible equipment
or piping. Standard 24 x 24 platforms are load rated at 150 pounds.
Rural Suction Dry Fire Hydrants or City Style Dry Barrel Hydrants
Suction Dry Fire Hydrants or city style Dry Barrel Hydrants can be used with
fiberglass fire cisterns. Our traditional suction "dry fire hydrant" used by most rural
fire departments consists of a vertical 6" PVC draw pipe, 90 degree elbow, hard
anodized male NST aluminum head, removable debris screen, and threaded
aluminum cap. Other male NST hydrant sizes, female swivels, Storz, and cam-lock
fittings are also available if requested.

IMPORTANT As a general rule, suction piping runs to dry hydrants in 6" PVC
pipe should not exceed 50 feet in total length or 15 feet of total vertical lift from the
bottom of the tank for acceptable fire flows. This maximum vertical lift distance
should be reduced to 13 feet or less in mountainous locations over 5000 feet above
sea level.

Dry Barrel Iron Hydrants are commonly installed on gravity discharge systems that
require a remote hydrant which can be easily drained to avoid freezing. Iron
hydrants should only be installed down hill from a cistern, such that the elevation of
the bottom of the tank is above the hydrant outlet fittings. This type of low pressure
free flowing discharge eliminates the need for mechanical pump priming and
increases the maximum pumping discharge.

IMPORTANT City style iron hydrants often have relatively small internal valve
porting, which may reduce the suction flow rate. Order iron hydrants with the largest
available internal valve for optimum flow.

Contact Darco regarding these specialty products and their proper application for fire
suppression water supplies designed to meet NFPA and ISO fire flow requirements.


Custom Made Accessories
Custom tank appurtenances and accessories are available through Darco based on
your application or your engineering criteria. We can almost always accommodate
any Architect or Engineer regarding special applications or modifications
necessary to solve an unusual problem. Please contact us for help with special
applications or any questions regarding underground water storage tank systems.

IMPORTANT Check with Darco regarding those accessory components you
wish to provide or fabricate yourself. We will help you with your design to ensure
they meet factory approval for safety, service life, and warranty standards.

WARNING All factory supplied internal water contact components must be
suitable for potable water and should be ordered with your system. Be sure to
indicate that you intend to store drinking water when you order your tank.

I N S T A L L A T I O N
DIGGING A HOLE AND GETTING THE PROJECT STARTED

WARNING
1. Read, understand, and follow these instructions.
2. Locate all underground and overhead utilities near the excavation site.
3. Barricade the excavation area until the job is completed and the area is safe.
4. Review the Installation Procedure Check List found later in this manual
5. Review OSHA Standards and any other state or local safety guidelines which may
apply to underground construction projects of this type.
6. Call Darco or your tank supplier regarding any questions you may have after
"digesting" this manual (and that will take some time).

Lay out the excavation perimeter allowing 18 to 24 inches between the tank and the
undisturbed excavation walls. Also allow 18 inches between multiple rows of vessels
when manifolded in large volume projects. Double deadmen are required between
multiple tanks, so this spacing distance must be increased to properly accommodate the
width of both deadmen when anchoring is required. Calculate the hole depth considering
12 inches for bedding below the tank. Plan for all water lines and the tank bed under
drain when such a drain can be installed.

Back slope or bench the excavation walls to provide a safe working environment.
Properly bed the entire floor of the hole with 12 inches of approved backfill gravel and
rake it level where the tank and deadmen will be positioned.

IMPORTANT Review the tank system layout and have all the correct tank accessory
components ready to go. If your system has bottom discharge piping, preassemble the
isolation valve and flex assembly before placing the tank into the hole. Level each vessel
in two directions using a laser or spirit level placed across the manway opening flange.
Shovel and probe at least 12 inches of gravel under the center on both sides of the
tank. If deadmen are to be used, lower them into place and strap down at this time. For
purposes of this manual, we will primarily deal with deadman anchors rather than slab
anchors since deadmen are far more commonly used.
OPTIONAL WATER BALLAST FOR TANK STABILITY
When water is available at the site, adding ballast is recommended to help hold any
vessel in the proper location while backfill is applied. Backfill material may jar or rock an
unanchored tank if carelessly dumped against the tank. Such disturbance or rocking
movement tends to allow the backfill to migrate under the tank ribs and raise it slightly
upward and out of level. 10% water ballast adds significant weight and substantially
increases tank stability. This water weight allows you to probe aggressively and work
more freely with the backfill material. There is no need to add additional water beyond
the 10% until the backfill process is complete to grade.


IMPORTANT Wait until the tank is entirely buried and supported by backfill before
filling the tank completely. The water level inside any tank should never be allowed to
rise higher than the surrounding gravel supporting it on the outside.

IMPORTANT It is perfectly acceptable to install Darco tanks without water ballast,
but you must take extra care not to disturb or rock the tank while loading gravel into the
hole by machine. Fill the tank as soon as possible once the backfill work is completed to
grade.

BACKFILL PROCEDURE
Backfill must be applied in lifts no greater than 12 inches deep at any time to allow
proper hand shoveling and probing of the material between all ribs and under the tank's
belly and haunches. Work evenly around the tank, shoveling and probing until gravel
fills all the voids and even resistance is felt as the probe is plunged in below the tank.
Probing is time consuming and physically taxing, especially if the system is large.
However, there is no other way to do this job properly and create the uniform balanced
support required to cradle the many tons of water involved. Hand probe any
underground tank relative to the face of a clock, in multiple lifts from the 4:00 position
around underneath to the 8:00 position.

IMPORTANT On tanks equipped with sump projecting downward beyond the belly
of the tank, be sure the sump is well supported with probed gravel. Excavate a pocket in
the bottom of the bed to receive the sump. Allow sufficient room to backfill the pocket
with gravel and probe it with a short tool. This is a difficult process and requires the
installer to lie on his stomach while working below the haunches of the tank.



TANK DEFLECTION MEASUREMENTS
Deflection is a term that describes a tank that has changed shape or that is distorted
and no longer round. Some limited deflection is acceptable and Darco fiberglass tanks
will tolerate minor deflection when comparatively measured before and after installation
as illustrated below. Deflection is an excellent indicator as to the care taken and quality
of the tank installation work. The measured total deflection at the center of the tank
should be less than 2%, either larger or smaller than the original internal diameter
measurement, when completely backfilled to grade. Check for deflection three or four
times during the backfill process to make sure the job is progressing properly, without
excessive deflection. As the Owner, you will want to carefully watch over your installing
contractor with regard to proper backfill probing technique, periodic deflection
measurements, and machinery approach distances.

IMPORTANT Excessive deflection is generally caused by 3 common errors.
1. Overly aggressive backfill application - too much and too fast (in a hurry).
2. Unbalanced backfill application - not working evenly around the entire tank.
3. Driving heavy machinery too near or even over the tank system keep machinery
wheels or tracks 10 feet away from the tank perimeter.
HYDROSTATIC LEAK TESTING
Leak testing can only be done safely in the field by filling the tank with water and waiting
to see if the level drops over a period of time. The tank must be backfilled for proper
support before water is added beyond the 10% desirable for initial ballasting. Once the
backfill gravel has reached the top of the tank and is at the natural angle of repose on
all 4 sides, then and only then can the tank be completely filled. Plug the top mounted
fittings and install the manway extension with gasket. Slowly fill the tank until the water is
up even with the manway flange gasket, at the joint between the flanged tank collar and
the extension. Observe the water level over a 24 hour period. Replace the cover
securely overnight for safety. It may be necessary to add a small amount of water as the
liquid temperature stabilizes to match the temperature of the soil. Trapped air at the top
of the tank can also cause minor variations. Generally, the water will maintain a stable
level at the gasket surface with less than inch variation. In the unlikely event that you
are experiencing a drop in water level after several additions, call Darco for help in
determining how to best proceed from this point.

GEOTEXTILE FILTER FABRIC
Geotextile or filter fabric is recommended as a barrier or separator medium between
the backfill gravel and the soil cover. Geotextile material is inexpensive, readily available,
and keeps the cover soil from migrating down into the porous rock interface. This helps
reduce subsidence of the cover mound over time and increases the frost resistance of
the site in general by keeping the insulating air spaces open between individual gravel
particles. It is not necessary to use filter fabric over the areas covered with foam
board insulation since the insulation also effectively stops this downward soil migration.


FINAL SITE DETAILS
Provide surface water a natural run off path, away from the tank site. Seed grass to
prevent erosion and padlock or bolt the manway cover closed to discourage curious
children. All PVC pipe & fittings exposed to sunlight should be painted to reduce long
term ultraviolet degradation (unpainted PVC gets brittle with time).

IMPORTANT Never leave newly installed tanks empty. Always fill the tank system
completely and secure the manway cover before leaving the site.

PVC PIPING
Schedule 40 PVC piping with solvent cemented joints is recommended for all pipeline
applications up through 6 inch standard pipe size. 8 inch PVC is difficult to assemble for
inexperienced installers and will require extra manpower as well as large dobbers for
primer and slow setting cement. Large PVC pipe will need to be seated with a wooden
block and light tap from a mall to drive each joint fully tight. We discourage using
rubber gasketed slip fit PVC pipe in fire cistern suction lines since pump vacuum can
cause air leakage at the uncemented joints. However, rubber gasketed SDR35 PVC pipe
is recommended for rainwater collection lines and manifolds since there is a wide
variety of accessory fittings and saddles available which makes piping in complex runs
much easier to assemble.
UNRESTRAINED MECHANICAL COMPRESSION JOINTS (MJs)
Ductile Iron and C900 plastic piping can be easily connected directly to fiberglass
cisterns when a stub PVC pipe is installed in the tank instead of a threaded or flanged
fitting. Care must be taken to install the correct transition ring gasket based on the
actual stub pipe outside diameter. Numerous different ring gaskets are available so
you must be sure to have the correctly sized seal for the pipe outside diameter you
intend to grip. If you need additional information, contact Darco or your pipe supplier
when using mechanical compression type joints. An additional benefit from MJ s is the
fact that they employ a flexible ring seal which will help offset minor pipe misalignment
and minor shifting of the pipe or tank during backfill. We recommend such mechanical
connections only when pipe diameters are above 6 inch, and joint restraint is
unnecessary.

POTABLE WATER OR " DRINKING WATER" TANK ISSUES
Darco FRP tanks are designed to store potable water and are manufactured from FDA
(Food & Drug Administration) accepted raw materials. When NSF (National Sanitation
Foundation) compliance is required, the special liner resin used must be recognized and
listed by the NSF. When required, Darco will provide a letter to the Owner or Engineer
explaining the process and identifying the resin actually in contact with the water.


WARNING Use only new, clean, tanks that are manufactured from FDA
compliant materials and properly designed for storage of drinking water. Never attempt
to clean up any used vessel for potable water applications.

Locate the inlet and outlet plumbing such that fresh water continually flows throughout
the entire length of the system without creating trapped or stagnant areas. As a
general rule, store unchlorinated potable water no longer than 30 days and size your
system based on a reasonable water exchange rate. Upon completion of the tank
installation and piping system, flush the tank and pipelines with clean potable water.
Follow your local city or county regulations for the " start-up" of a potable water storage
system. These regulations vary from state to state but generally include the addition of a
disinfectant such as chlorine and subsequent flushing. Take the required water samples
before using your system. Additional periodic samples are recommended particularly
when a shallow well is the water source. Such samples are inexpensive and good
insurance against the ingestion of pollution and pathogens.

Take extra precautions to see that the tank and piping remain covered and as clean as
possible during the installation process. Use plywood over the manway openings and
duct tape all smaller fitting holes during backfill. Climb inside as little as possible to do
fitting or assembly work, and keep your boots clean.

IMPORTANT Most drinking water storage tanks filled from wells or springs will
develop a dark silty layer of fine sand particles in the bottom of the tank over time. This is
normal and may have to be cleaned out or flushed every few years. Silt build up several
inches deep can harbor bacteria. Filtering water thoroughly before it is directed into the
storage tank will help eliminate such silt build up. Be prepared to change water inlet filter
cartridges as frequently as every month if necessary, especially when a newly drilled
well is first put into production. You should inspect your tank and test the tap water on an
annual basis. Darco offers a well water inlet filter assembly which is mounted inside
the manway and can be serviced remotely from the surface, without entering the tank.

FIRE CISTERN ISSUES
Fire cisterns are becoming increasingly popular as large expensive homes proliferate in
the forested regions around large cities like Los Angeles and Denver. With limited
reliable year-round water supplies in these remote areas, many fire departments are
forced to abandon expensive structures in the face of wildfire. Individual citizens and
homeowner associations often install water storage tanks in a working relationship with
their local fire departments. When water is available; lives may be saved, property can
be protected, and fire insurance premiums often drop. It is extremely important that any
effort along these lines be coordinated with your local fire department or the appropriate
local governmental agency.

IMPORTANT An improperly sized or improperly located fire cistern may be of little
use, despite the homeowner's good intentions. Check with your Fire Chief before
starting on an emergency fire protection water storage system.

Fire cisterns for individual family homes or ranches are generally sized from 4,000 to
10,000 gallons. Cisterns for an entire neighborhood or small subdivision can be as large
as 50,000 gallons or more. Generally this water is not located in one spot, but rather in
multiple smaller tanks at strategic "all weather" accessible locations near clusters of
homes or along main access roads.

Developers are often required to install fire cisterns in rural subdivisions where the only
water sources are low volume single family wells.

Local regulations and fire fighting strategies vary from state to state and county to
county. Not all fire departments have the same water storage requirements. Some
residential insurance companies give credit for a rural fire fighting water supply, yet
others don't. It is your responsibility to research these issues in your area and to comply
with the local Authority Having J urisdiction - make no assumptions. Collect
information from multiple sources if possible and prepare for minor confusion.

Darco tanks can be sized to meet the storage requirements and flow rates formulated by
the NFPA (National Fire Protection Association). Working through these water supply
issues can be time consuming and very frustrating. Please study the enclosed
illustrations of our standard fire cisterns and feel free to call if you are having difficulties
understanding the most practical application for such systems. Often it is expeditious to
set up a 3-way conference call between the Owner or Developer, the Fire Marshal, and
the Tank Manufacturer. This gets all the responsible parties on the same page, from the
start.



SEPTIC TANK ISSUES
A Darco fiberglass tank can be baffled and configured to make an excellent multi-stage
septic tank for any large commercial or industrial wastewater application. RV camp sites,
race tracks, and state parks are common users of large "on site" wastewater treatment
or holding tanks. Applications such as these must be designed by an engineer and
approved by the local Department of Public Health.


SAFETY ISSUES
It is the responsibility of the Owner and his Contractor to understand and follow
established safety guidelines with regard to general excavation practices and confined
space operations involved with installing underground water tanks.

WARNING It is the responsibility of the owner or his contractor to locate all
overhead and underground utilities before operating cranes or excavating equipment.

WARNING Excavation for the burial of tanks and piping can lead to trench
wall collapse and serious injury or death. Follow OSHA 1926 - 65 / P Trench Safety
Guidelines.

WARNING A new - dry - unused tank is a confined space but is safe to
enter "without permit" if the space is properly ventilated. Remove all manhole covers and
fitting plugs for at least 30 minutes of natural ventilation before entering a new
fiberglass tank to install internal components. Always have a co-worker standing by
outside to assist the worker inside. NEVER WORK ALONE.

Tanks that are currently in service or have been previously used, may hold noxious
fumes, flammable gasses, or may not contain enough oxygen for breathing. Whatever
the case, if the tank is not new and dry, you should take the following minimum
precautionary steps prior to entering:
1. Determine what was being stored in the tank.
2. Monitor for combustible gases.
3. Force ventilate using a powerful motor driven fan with a trunk hose.
4. Confirm that the internal oxygen level is adequate.
5. Beware of the pathogenic danger around sewage holding tanks.
6. Review the applicable OSHA Confined Space Entry Guidelines.

WARNING Never use plastic pipe primer & cement, cleaning solvents,
paints, sealers, or similar volatile or noxious materials when working inside any
poorly ventilated storage tank. Fumes from the pipe cement or solvents can lead to
unconsciousness and death from asphyxiation. Pipe connections which must be made
while working inside any tank should be threaded, bolted, clamped, or other
mechanically sealed design. NEVER WORK ALONE.
CONTRACTOR'S QUICK CHECK INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
This step-by-step overview of the installation process is a general guideline for planning
purposes only. Each installation is different and may require a slightly modified
procedure based on the variables of that particular project.

1. Locate property lines, easements, overhead and underground utilities
2. Assess the job site for adequate bearing (PSF), presence of ground water, evidence
of expansive clay or seismic activity, and other detrimental factors
3. Pull permits and get proper district or agency approval (Fire or Health Dept.)
4. Plan for tank arrival & transfer from delivery truck to your trailer (if necessary)
5. Form and pour concrete deadman anchors at least 1 week in advance
6. Order galvanized anchor cable and clamps if not provided with tank
7. Schedule a water delivery truck for initial ballast water and final fill-up later
8. Order approved gravel backfill material meeting the Darco sieve analysis
9. Plan for barricade fencing materials around the open hole
10. Lay out the tank excavation perimeter with "upside-down" paint
11. Lay out piping runs and subdrain to daylight with "upside-down" paint
12. Check to see that you have all system accessories & hardware on site
13. Excavate and backslope or bench the tank hole and piping trenches
14. Use excavated soil to form a low berm around the hole to divert rain water
15. When conditions require, construct a concrete slab anchor in bottom of hole
16. Install perforated, fabric covered bed drain piping, if appropriate for the site
17. Bed the bottom with 12 inches of approved backfill aggregate and rake level
18. Lay out multiple tank locations on the gravel bed with "upside-down" paint
19. Have extension ladders and lifting equipment ready to meet the delivery truck
20. Rig each tank properly and lift it from the trailer and into the prepared hole
21. Install deadman anchors on top of bedding in the proper locations
22. Temporarily cover each manway and fitting opening to keep the tank clean
23. Position and level the tank by instrument or spirit level in two directions
24. Load a small amount of backfill into the hole around the outer perimeter (Try to avoid
bouncing gravel off the tank or disturbing it in any way)
25. Carefully shovel & probe backfill below the center 2 feet from both sides
26. Connect any bottom discharge piping after tank is stabilized and level
27. Add 10% water ballast if water if available; Darco tanks can be buried dry
28. Wait 30 minutes to inspect for leaks at all submerged pipeline connections
29. Install and tension anchor cables from straps to the anchor system (if used)
30. Make & record your baseline deflection measurement through the manway (On
tanks without a manway, use a centered vent or accessory fitting)
31. Proceed with backfill in 12 inch lifts working uniformly around the tank
32. Probe each gravel lift under the belly of the tank and carefully around fittings
33. Make periodic deflection measurements as backfill work progresses upward
34. Perform hydrostatic leak testing if required by the owner or jurisdiction
35. Install the manway extension and top mounted accessory risers & pipelines
36. If a traffic slab will be poured above, continue gravel fill to bottom of slab

37. Once gravel covers the tank several inches deep, rake smooth and apply geotextile
fabric or 2 inch polystyrene rigid insulation board
38. Pour reinforced 8 inch concrete traffic slab above tank area when required
39. Make a deflection measurement (log all such measurements in your manual)
40. Keep heavy machinery a safe distance from the tank during final cover work
41. Mound soil to the proper total cover depth and dispose of excess material
42. Make another deflection measurement and record it in your manual
43. Finish grade, divert and ditch water away from site to avoid pooling or erosion
44. Fill the tank immediately upon completion of the basic installation work
45. Install all top mounted accessories such as a fire hydrant and vent head
46. Make final deflection reading in wet tank and compare with previous figures
47. Follow disinfection & water testing procedures per your local Health Dept.
48. Bolt or padlock the manway cover to discourage children and vandals
49. Install a fence or suitable barricade to keep vehicles well away from the site
50. Seed the entire disturbed area with grass to reduce erosion
51. Paint exposed PVC pipe risers for long term protection against sunlight
52. Install proper signage or post warnings (if required)
53. Call for final inspection and notify the appropriate permitting agency or district
54. Routinely inspect surface mounted accessories, vents, manways, overflows, etc.
55. Sample for water quality at least annually in all potable water systems
56. Change well water inlet filter cartridges regularly for pump efficiency
57. Check the soil cover in 12 months and reshape or restore any sunken areas

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

WARRANTY DETAILS
Please review the following limited 2 year structural and corrosion warranty as applied
to all approved water tank installations. Contact Darco if you have any questions
regarding interpretation of this very specific document as illustrated.

IMPORTANT This warranty applies only to the vessel and primary accessories
manufactured or assembled by Darco Inc. Unmodified secondary accessories sold in
conjunction with Darco products (such as a submersible water pump manufactured and
packaged by others) will be warranted through Darco, but only to the limits established
by the original manufacturer.

An extended warranty is available for water storage systems only. All other
applications are restricted to our basic 2 year warranty duration as registered and
confirmed from the date of possession. The extended warranty coverage for water
tanks is available for an unlimited number of additional years, based on the following flat
rate formula:

Beginning with the 3
rd
year through 10 years:
2% of the sale price of the wet tank package (excluding external accessories and
freight) times the extension period requested by the original purchaser in whole
years. The extended warranty coverage is identical to the basic 2 year warranty
program provided with every Darco water storage system sold.

From 11
th
year on:
1% times the extension period requested in whole years.

Make no assumptions
read the warranty coverage CAREFULLY.

UNDERGROUND WATER STORAGE TANK WARRANTY

THE WARRANTOR: Darco Incorporated
P.O. Box 779
Bennett, Colorado 80102
Phone: 800-232-8660

DURATION: Darco warrants that its tankage products will not leak, corrode, or structurally fail
due to inappropriate design, improper use of materials, defects in materials, or poor
manufacturing workmanship, for a period of 2 years from the date of original purchase. Unlimited
additional years of extended coverage may be purchased directly from Darco, but only at the
time of the original sale. This extended warranty applies only to tanks used for water storage.

RESTRICTIONS: The following structural and corrosion warranty applies only to new fiberglass
underground water storage tank systems and accessories manufactured by Darco Incorporated
as sold to the original owner. The application and installation must follow our published
installation manual as supplied with every vessel when sold.

EXCLUSIONS: The following is a nonexclusive list of typical claims that will be barred or
disallowed by this limited warranty (problems with or damage related to): improper installation,
commercial shipment, abuse, vandalism, destructive acts of nature, storage of unapproved
materials, ice in tank or piping, settling or other tank movement, tank buoyancy, use in
unapproved locations, internal vacuum or pressure conditions, secondary accessories supplied
by others, storage of hot water (over 150
o
F.), or unapproved structural tank modifications.

RESPONSIBILITIES: The warrantor's total financial liability shall not exceed the purchase price
of the products sold f.o.b. point of factory delivery or initial sale. It will be the option of the
warrantor to repair, replace, allow credit, or refund the original purchase price in remedy of any
claim. Said product shall not be considered defective if it substantially fulfills all performance
requirements. Reasonable time must be allowed for the warrantor to review any claim and make
remedies. Repairs may only be made by an authorized representative of the warrantor. All initial
costs anticipated during the investigation of any warranty claim are due in advance and shall be
the responsibility of the owner until such time as the cause of the claim is identified and the
responsible party determined.

Darco will not be liable for any incidental or consequential damages, materials lost, property
damage, or injury caused by any defect in any product or accessory sold. Darco shall have no
responsibility for tank removal or re-installation costs related to the replacement of warranted
vessels. Nor shall the warrantor be liable for unspecified or additional materials, labor, or
transportation involved in the resolution of any claim. The foregoing warranty constitutes Darco's
exclusive obligation and Darco makes no other warranty or representation, expressed or implied,
with respect to it's products or any related service, advice, or consultation furnished to any
purchaser by Darco or it's distributors and dealers.

Claims must be received in written form before the end of the coverage period and must be
supported with an original bill of sale and positive owner identification.

VERIFICATION: Save your original bill of sale, extended warranty documentation, and shipping
information as it will be required to validate and process any warranty claim when filed.

TANK PURCHASE GUIDE SPECIFICATION

UNDERGROUND FIBERGLASS TANKS
Please review the following Darco Underground Water Tank Specifications.
In an effort get a meaningful comparison between tank manufacturers, we suggest that
you as the purchaser compare both our warranty and structural specifications against
other fiberglass suppliers and other water storage products. We are confident that Darco
will not only give you the best price per gallon, but also a cost effective structural
vessel design for your specific application, a comprehensive tank accessory package,
and prompt on-time personalized delivery.


SPECIFICATIONS FOR FIBERGLASS UNDERGROUND WATER STORAGE TANKS
PREFERRED SUPPLIER: Darco Incorporated - 980 Darco Drive - Bennett, CO 80102
Phone number 800-232-8660, Fax 303-644-5001, Internet - www.darcoinc.com
GUIDING DESIGN PUBLICATIONS
ANSI / AWWA D-120 - Self certified vessels for underground direct bury domestic potable water service.
ANSI / AWWA M-45 Fiberglass pipe design / those design parameters applicable to underground water tanks.
ASTM D3299 / 95 - Those sections pertaining to materials, general construction techniques, and workmanship / as
applicable to underground direct bury water storage tanks.
ASTM D4021 / 92 - Those sections pertaining to design and testing of underground direct bury water storage tanks /
6.4.1 Earth Loading and 6.4.3.2 Hydrostatic Testing.
ENGINEERING APPROVAL
When requested, complete structural tank family design calculations, sealed by a Registered Professional Engineer,
must be made available.
DESIGN BASIS FOR STANDARD TANKS
1. External Hydrostatic Pressure: In empty condition, anchored, backfilled, and totally submerged below 5 feet of water
flooded gravel to grade; the tank shall provide a design factor of 2 to 1 against buckling.
2. Internal Loading: When fitted with a Darco testing manifold, the tank must withstand a 3 psi air pressure test; or
when properly backfilled to spring line, an air over water net 10 psi hydrostatic pressure test; with a design factor of 2
to 1 against rupture.
3. Traffic Loading: When installed according to the Darco Instructions, incorporating an approved concrete traffic slab
on grade, the tank must withstand H-20 continuous daily vehicle axle loads (32,000 pounds per axle).
4. Specific Gravity: Design is for potable water or domestic sewage at 1.2 specific gravity.
5 Temperature: Design is for a maximum hot water impingement temperature of 150 degrees Fahrenheit.
6. Venting: Design is for internal atmospheric pressure, including both fill and discharge cycles.
7. Bury Depth: Design is for a standard soil cover depth up to 5 feet maximum, with deeper bury designs available
upon request.
FACTORY TESTING
All tanks shall be proof tested for buckling resistance to 10 inches of mercury vacuum and also low air pressure tested
under a soapy water spray for pinhole leak detection.
INTERNAL FINISH AND FIT
All internal seams and fitting penetrations shall be overlayed and smooth leaving no crevices, exposed edges, or
protruding fibers.
GLASS FIBER TO RESIN RATIO
The structural glass fiber content shall be 35% minimum with no addition of sand fillers.
POTABLE WATER STANDARDS
The tanks internal water contact resin layer shall meet FDA standards and be listed under ANSI-NSF 61 as suitable
for culinary or domestic drinking water contact.
TANK FITTINGS
Standard fittings shall be of compatible fiberglass construction with a flat faced flange or female tapered pipe thread
design. Fittings over 3 inch diameter shall withstand 300 foot pounds of torque if threaded or a moment load of 2000
foot pounds if flanged. Pipe stub-outs in PVC or fiberglass must also be available.
LIFTING LUGS
The combined capacity of designated lifting lugs shall be 2 times the empty tank weight.
CAPACITY AND SIZE REQUIREMENTS
1. The nominal volume of the tank shall be _________ gallons.
2. The nominal tank diameter shall be _________ feet by a nominal length of _________ feet.
LIMITED WARRANTY
A standard 2 year structural and corrosion warranty shall become effective upon the tank delivery. An OPTIONAL
EXTENDED WARRANTY PROGRAM shall be made available only at the time of the original tank purchase.
CUSTOMER COMMENTS AND INSTALLATION EXPERIENCES

Enrique Silva - New Mexico
"Have plenty of help and several long ropes when unloading or moving large tanks on
windy days. We had a tank 54 foot long tank swing out of control and hit a boulder. The
damage wasn't too bad and it was easily repaired. I was a man short that day and trying
to beat an incoming snow storm".

J im J ackson - Colorado
"I made a pair of 10 foot long very heavy I-beam "stingers" for the corners of our big
loader bucket before your tank arrived. It worked well and gave me the extra lifting height
to easily unload the delivery trailer and place the tank without getting too close to the
edge of the hole. With that extension the loader was almost at the balance point, so any
larger tank would have been a big problem. In the future, I am going to allow for a crane
in my installation quote.

Carl Weiss - Utah
"Using a spreader beam made lifting our two 40,000 gallon tanks off the trucks and
directly into the hole a piece of cake. It cost me an extra $80 to have the crane company
trailer their big spreader out to my job site, but it was worth it. The whole thing was over
in less than two hours, done safely and efficiently".

J ohn Graff - Upstate New York
"We had a very tight driveway with sharp turns to negotiate with your delivery tractor /
trailer. The driver was uncomfortable about the curves and was not sure he could turn
around at the other end. We avoided possible problems by transferring our tank from the
delivery trailer to our shorter machinery trailer which we knew would make it up to the
site and be able to get turned around. I padded the rough deck with a bunch of old tires,
strapped it down, and up we went.

Andy McDonald - Tennessee
"It had been raining for several days before our tank was scheduled to be delivered.
There was going to be no way to get your semi near the hole we had prepared. The tank
would have to be trammed in from the paved road with our track hoe. I talked with the
people at Darco about this process and they suggested using soft woven slings rather
than rigid cable chokers. The nylon slings we used had some give to them and didn't
shock the tank or the lift lugs as we lurched along the rough muddy road to the site".

Phillip Malland - Texas
"Our well had not been drilled yet so we had to bury the tanks dry, without the
recommended 10% water ballast for stabilization. We were very careful with the backfill
at the start. Once the tanks were sort of locked into place at the ends, I put as much pea
gravel as I could on top of the tanks, and it seemed to help. Maybe 1000 pounds of
gravel stayed up there along the centerline. I would have used a little water for ballast if I
had any. The only down side was that we were continuously peppered with gravel from
above as we probed along the tank sides.


Please let me know how you like our products and feel free to make a suggestion or
criticism. I paraphrase some of these discussions into our "Customer Comment" section
and try to update it from time to time.

J ohn Small / 800-232-8660.

I really enjoy the feedback - good or not so good. Thanks

D R A W I N G S

The following is a collection of illustrations, concepts, and installation diagrams.
Hopefully some of what you see here will help you with your tank selection or planned
installation. If reviewing these pages creates questions for you, please contact Darco toll
free at 1-800-232-8660.

THANK YOU FOR TAKING THE TIME TO WORK THROUGH THIS MANUAL.

List of Drawings

Fiberglass Tank Product Line Part 1 ............................................................................................................ 60
Fiberglass Tank Product Line Part 2 ............................................................................................................ 61
Flex Couplers 1 ............................................................................................................................................. 62
Flex Couplers 2 ............................................................................................................................................. 63
Overflows ...................................................................................................................................................... 64
Float Valve High Level Control ..................................................................................................................... 65
Inlet Filter For Well Water ............................................................................................................................. 66
Fire Cistern Concepts #1 .............................................................................................................................. 67
Fire Cistern Concepts (Suction) ................................................................................................................... 70
Fire Sprinkler Reservoir ................................................................................................................................ 71
Fire Apparatus Pump Test Station ............................................................................................................... 72
Manway Information 1 .................................................................................................................................. 73
Submersible Pump With Float Controls ........................................................................................................ 77
Float Switch Tree in Manway ........................................................................................................................ 78
J et Pump in Manway Vault ........................................................................................................................... 79
Potable Water Treatment & Delivery System ............................................................................................... 80
Wet Well Delivery System ............................................................................................................................ 81
Insulated Underground Tanks ...................................................................................................................... 82
H-20 Traffic Slab Details ............................................................................................................................... 83
Crested Butte Installation Photos ................................................................................................................. 84



Figure 1 Fiberglass Tank Product Line Part 1

Figure 2 Fiberglass Tank Product Line Part 2


Figure 3 Flex Couplers 1

Figure 4 Flex Couplers 2


Figure 5 Overflows

Figure 6 Float Valve High Level Control


Figure 7 Inlet Filter For Well Water

Figure 8 Fire Cistern Concepts #1





Figure 11 Fire Cistern Concepts (Suction)

Figure 12 Fire Sprinkler Reservoir


Figure 13 Fire Apparatus Pump Test Station

Figure 14 Manway Information 1






Figure 18 Submersible Pump With Float Controls


Figure 19 Float Switch Tree in Manway

Figure 20 J et Pump in Manway Vault


Figure 21 Potable Water Treatment & Delivery System

Figure 22 Wet Well Delivery System


Figure 23 Insulated Underground Tanks

Figure 24 H-20 Traffic Slab Details


Figure 25 Crested Butte Installation Photos

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