. .

263

-

B

264

. .
-

1
, 5 = 17 10 = 32.
:
a. 1 .
b. S20 20 .

2
: log( +1) + log(3 +2) = log10
a.
b. .

3
:

2( )
( + ) + ( )

= +.

. .
-

1
5 11
52, 3
9 40. 40 S40.

2
: 32

5 + 1

= 81

3
: log + log( +3) = 1

265

. .
-

1
15 + 16 = 11
:
60 + 24 = 204
2
2 = 0
: 2
2
+ 2 = 12

3
2 3 4 = 3

: 3 5 7 = 7
5 + 4 + = 18

. .
-

1
: log( 1) + log( +1) = 2log 8

2
:

1 2 + 2
1+2 + 2

3
, 2, 3, 8, ...
:
10
10 S10.

266

. .
-

1
:
a.

3 4 = 27

b.

3

4

c.

+1

4
=
3

5 + 6

2 3

=1

2
a. , 3, 6, 9, ...
:
20
10 S10.
b. 10, 5,
.

3
a. Q
3log32 +2log36 log332 = 2
b. :
log2 + log3 = log36

267

. .
-

. ;
. , , , :

2 = , , , 0 .

2
. .
.
>1 , log > 0

log1=1

lne =1

1
log = log , >0

. 5 9 19 65 , .
. N : 3log2 + log5 log4 = 1

2
. :
x

i.

3
5
=
3
5

x+6

ii. 3x

=9

. 10
4 , 8 , 16 , . . .

3
. : log(6) + log (7) = log 2 .
. 37 , +2 , 12 2
.

268

. .
-

. . ;
. i. - ;
ii. S
( 0).
iii. , , :
: 2 =
: 2 = +
: 2 = +
: 2 =

2
.
. :
log = ..
>0, 1

ln1 =
lne = .
log x = ..

>0, 1.

>0, 1 >0

log10 =

2, 5, 8, 11, :
i. 1 .
ii. 110 .
iii. S6 S12 .
iv. = 7 + 8 + 9 +...+12 .

:
i. 3x

5x+6

=1

ii. e 2x + e x 2 = 0

3
. :

log(x+1) log(x 1) = log2

. :

2 log 6 log 9 + log 2 = 3log 2

269

. .
-

1
. ;

. :

1. = 1+( 1), .........................................

2. S = 1

v 1
1

, ..........................................

. , , ,
, , ; ;

1,5

. 1 :
4, 8, 12, 8, 4, 0, 4, ......

2
5

5
5

16, 8, 4, 2, 1, .......

1,5

. .

. 1, 2, , , :
log

1
2

lne=

log1=

log =

log =

log1 +log 2 =

. () () :
f(x) = logx R
f(x) = lnx (1,0)
logx = 0 x = 1

1
, 37, + 4, 4 + 5

1, 5, 9, 13, ...
. 50

. .

:
log5 + log(x2) = log(3x4)

270

. .
-

1
. () ;
. , 1 - , = ..............
.
S =

( 1 + )
2

2
:
. log = x ... =...

. log 1=...

. log ( 1 2 ) =...

. log

1
2

. log =...

=...

. log =...

1
7, 10, 13, . :
. 1 .
. 47 .
. 25 .

2
. log(x1) log(x+2);
. log(x1) + log(x +2) =2log2.

3
9 x 8 3x 9 = 0 .

271

. .
-

1
. ;
. =1-1 S= 1

v 1
1

. , , ,
, , ; ;
. 1 :
4, 8, 12, 8, 4, 0, 4,......

4
3
2

4
5
3

4
7
4

4
9
5

.........

, , , .........
5 5 5 5
16, 8, 4, 2, 1...

. .
. 1, 2, , , :
log

1
2

= ..........., lne =............., log =.................

log1=..........., log =............., log1 + log 2 =............

. ( ) ( ) :

1) f(x) = logx R
2) f(x) = lnx (1, 0)
3) log x= 0 x=1

, 37, + 4, 4 + 5

2
3, 1, 5, 9,...
i. 20
ii. .

3
: logx + log(x2) = log(3x6)

272

. .
-

1
() ():

a. , , 2 = +
b. 1 = 1 = 4 = 4 3
c. 1 = 1 = 2 10 100.

2
a. .
b. log 25 + log 8 log 20 = 1;

1

3, 6, 12,.. = 6.

2

a. log ( 1) + log ( +1) = log 8
b. log x log (x1) = log 3

3
:
a. 3x 4 = 27
b. 5 x

2 5 x + 6

=1

. .
-

273

a. 1
:
1) =

2) Sv =

b. , , , :
2 = + .

2
a. .
b. .

1
5 3 11 15.
20 .

2
: log(x1) +log(x +2) = log10.

3
:
a. 33x + 4 = 27.
b. 22x 92x + 4 = 0.

274

. .
-

1
a. , , ,
.
b. x 5x+1, 3x-2, 11 .

2
a. , ,
, . .
b.
i.

log (12) =

1
=
2

ii. log

iii. log =

c. ( ) ( )
i.

log28 = 3

ii. log1=1
iii. log=1

a. 5 3, 6, 12
b. 1 = 2 = 2
10

2
:
3x+4 = 27
[2( x4)](x+1) =

1
26

3
N log (x2) + log (x1) = log(2x + 8)

275

. . . . .
-
- B

1
a. .
b.
.
c. x 1, 2x +1, 4x
xR.

2
a.
b. .
c. : 2, 6, 18, 54,.... 10
.

: 1,5,9,13,...
a. .
b. 20 .

2
: (3

x 2 x+4

1
35

3
: 2log(x1) = log18log2.

276

. .
-

a. ;
.
=.. S= ..

b. ;
.
=

S =

2
a. > 0 1, , 1, 2
R :

log ( 1 2 ) =

log

log =

log =

1
=
2

b. :
i) lg1 = 10

ii) log10 = 1

iii) log100 = 2

1
3, 5,7. :
a. 20 .
b. S30 , 30 .

2
a. : 3log 2 + log 5 log 4 = 1
b. : log x + log( x 1) = log 2

3
:
)

2
2

) x +

1
2

277

. .
-

) ;
) ;
)

, ,
;

2
) ;
) :
log 1 = ,

log = ,

log x = .

> 0 = 1 x .
)

1
8 = 16 = 3 . :
) 1
) 15
) ( S )

2
4 = 24 7 = 192 . :
) 1
) 11
)

( S )

3
: 2.4 x 5.2 x + 2 = 0

278

. .
-

1
a. () ;
b. , , =... .
c. , :

S = ........ S = ........
2
:
a.

log = x ... = ...

b.

log 1=.....

c.

log =.....

d.

log ( 1 2 ) =.....

e.

log

f.

log =......

1
2

=.....

1
2 + 8 = 26 3 + 5 = 22 .
:
a. 1,
b.
c. S10 .

2

log(x1) + log(x2) = log4 + log3.

3
4x + 7 2x 8 = 0 .

279

. .
-

) - -

S 1 .
) - .
) () : 1 , 3 , 5 , ()

() :
ii) S = 2,

i) = 2 + 1,

iii) 100 = 199 ,

.
2
) :

i) log 1 =

iii) log ( 1 2 ) =

ii) log =

1
=
2

iv) log =

v) log

0< 1 , , 1 , 2 > 0 R .

) : 2 = 2 2

2 22,50 2 22,50 .

1
3x 3 =27

:
2x
1 .
=

2
2

2
x , :
= logx ,

= log ( x 1) ,

= log 2 3 ,

2
x 0 ,

(
)
(
)=
( 30 + x ) + ( 60 + x )

45o + x + 45 + x

2.

(1) (2) .

280

. .
-

; , , ;

2
>0, 1 , 1, 2 :
i)

log 1 =

ii)

log =

iii)

log =

iv)

log(12) =

v)

log =

, R

1
15 5, 8, 11, 20
.

2
:
log 4 + log 25 log 10 =1
3

:
i) 2x = 16

3
iii)
4

x-2

ii) 9 4x = 27 x+2

4
=
3

3x+1

iv) 5 x+2 =

281

. .
-

a.

. .

b. 1 = 4 = 5 .
.
c. 2x 2, 5, x + 3. : x = 3 ,
.

2
) :

i. log a (1 2 ) =
ii. log a (

1
) =
2

iii. log a ( k )

, 1 , 2 2 0 , k a , 1 .
) : 3 log 2 + log 5 log 4.
)

1
log 2 ( ) = x , x = 3 .
8

1
15 -12. :
) ,
) 21 ( ) ,
) 20 () .

2
: 2 x

+x

= 64 .

3
: logx + log(x 1) = log12 .

1. .
2. .

282

. .
-

A. - -
S 1 .
1,7.
B. - .
2.
C. () : 1 , 3 , 5 , ()
() : .
ii) S = 2

2 + 1 ,

iii) 100 = 199 ,

3

A. :
i) log1=

iii) log ( 1 2 ) =

ii) log =

iv) log =

1
=
2

v) log

0< 1 , , 1 , 2 > 0 R .

) :

2 = 2 2

2 ( 22,50 ) 2 ( 22,50 ) .

3x 3 = 27

2x
1 .
=

2
2

x , :

= logx ,

= log 2 3 ,

= log ( x-1) ,

3
x 0 , :

( 45o + x ) + ( 45 + x )
( 30 + x ) + ( 60 + x )

= 2.

(1) (2) .

283

. .
-

a. 105.
b. : 2 = 2 2 = 22 1
c. :
( ) =
( + ) =
2 =
( ) =

2o
a. - 1 ,
= 1

-1

b. .
c. () () :
, , , : 2 = .

1
:
5 = 14 12 = 35.
(1), () 30 (30).

2
:
x

25 - 6 5 + 5 = 0.

3
N :

2( + )
( + ) + ( )

. .
-

284

" :

."
(Elbert Hunnard)
370 ..,
.
: "
". , .
, ,
, ! . .
.
, .
.

H
.
,
..
. 13 . ' '. ( ) , .

.
. 3 .. ,
. .
, (
). , ,

. .

H ,
. 412 , , , . ,
. 5 :
, ,
.
.
, .
. 415
.