CHAPTER 1Problems

Prob. 1.1



Prob. 1.2

(a) Given P(1,-4,-3), convert to cylindrical and spherical values;
4

2 2 2 2
1 1
2 2 2
1 1
1 ( 4) 17 4.123.
4
tan tan 284.04 .
1
( , , ) (4.123, 284.04 , 3).
Spherical :
1 16 9 5.099.
4.123
tan tan 126.04 .
3
( , , ) (5.099, 126.04 , 284.04 ).
x y
y
x
P z
r x y z
z
P r P

= + = + = =

= = =
=
= + + = + + =
= = =

=

(b)
1 1
0
3, tan tan 0
3
o
y
x


= = = =
( , , ) (3,0 ,5)
o
Q z Q =

1 1
3
9 0 25 5.831, tan tan 30.96
5
o
r
z

= + + = = = =
( , , ) (5.831,30.96 ,0 )
o o
Q r Q =
(c )
1
6
4 36 6.325, tan 108.4
2
o


= + = = =

( , , ) (6.325,108.4 ,0)
o
R z R =

1 1
6.325
6.325, tan tan 90
0
o
r
z

= = = = =
( , , ) (6.325,90 ,108.4 )
o o
R r R =


Prob. 1.3



5







6
Prob. 1.4

(a)

x y
V z z
= =
= +


cos , sin ,
cos sin cos sin
2

(b)

2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2
sin sin 2 cos
[1 sin sin 2cos ]
U x y z y z
r r r
r


= + + + +
= + +
= + +


Prob. 1.5


7

8

9

10












11
Prob. 1.6 (a)

2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2
_ _ _
2 2
cos sin 0
sin cos 0
0 0 1
4
1
[ cos sin ] ;
1
[ cos sin cos sin ] 0;
4
;
1
( 4 ).
z
z
z
x
z
F
y
F
z
F
z
F
z z
F
z
F
z
F a a
z

+




=


+





+


= + =
+ +
= +
+
=
+
= +
+
=


In Spherical:

sin cos sin sin cos
cos cos cos sin sin
sin cos 0
4
r
x
r
F
y
F
r
F
r

=











2 2 2 2 2
2 2
_ _ _
2
4 4
sin cos sin sin cos sin cos ;
4 4
sin cos cos sin cos sin sin sin cos sin ;
sin cos sin sin sin cos 0;
4 4
(sin cos ) sin (cos ) .
r
r
r r
F
r r r r
F
r r
F
F a a
r r

= + + = +
= + =
= + =
= + +






12

(b)
2
2 2
2
2 2
2
2 2
2 3
2 2
2 2 2 2
2
2 2
2
_ _ _
2 2
cos sin 0
sin cos 0
0 0 1
[ cos sin ] ;
0;
;
( ).
z
z
z
x
z
G
y
G
z
G
z
z
G
z z
G
z
G
z
G a z a
z

+




=


+





+


= + =
+ +
=
=
+
= +
+


Spherical :


2 2 2
2 2
sin
( ) sin
x y z r
r
x y z r r
r r

r
= + + = = G a a a a a

Prob. 1.7

13

14




15
Prob. 1.8

(a)

D
D
D
x z
D x z z
D x z z
D z a
z

= + = +
= + = +
= + +
cos sin
sin cos
( )sin ( cos )sin
( )cos ( cos )cos
( cos )[sin cos ]
_ _
0
0
0 0 1
0
0
a

_



x
: Since D 0, we may leave out the first and
third column of the transformation matrix. Thus,
... sin sin ... 0
... cos sin ...
... cos ... 0
z
r
Spherical D
D
D x z
D

= =




= +






_ _
( )sin sin (sin cos cos )sin sin .
( )cos sin (sin cos cos )cos sin .
( )cos (sin cos cos )cos .
(sin cos cos )[sin sin cos sin cos ].
r
r
D x z r
D x z r
D x z r
D r a a a

_ _





= + = +
= + = +
= + = +
= + + +



(b) Cylindrical:
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2
2 2
cos sin 0
sin cos 0
0 0 1
( )cos sin
(sin cos )cos cos sin
cos2 cos sin cos .
( )sin cos
cos2 sin sin cos
z
E y x
E xyz
E x z
E y x xyz
z
z
E y x xyz
z

=






= +
= +
= +
= +
= +
2
2 2 2 2 2
_ _ _
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
.
cos .
cos ( sin cos2 ) sin ( cos cos2 ) ( cos ) .
z
z
E x z z
E z a z a z

= =
= + + +
_
a



16
In spherical:

2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 3 2 2
sin cos sin sin cos
cos cos cos sin sin
sin cos 0
( )sin cos sin sin ( )cos ;
but sin cos , sin sin , cos ;
sin (sin cos
r
r
r
E y
E x
E x
E y x xyz x z
x r y r z r
E r

=






= + +
= = =
=
3 3 2
2 2 2 2
)cos sin cos sin cos
(sin cos cos )cos ;
r
r
x
yz
z


+
+
E y x xyz x z
r r
E x y xyz
r r

= +
= +
= +
= +
( )cos cos cos sin ( )sin ;
sin cos cos cos sin cos sin cos (sin
( )sin cos
sin cos sin sin cos sin cos ;
2 2 2 2
2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2 3 2 2
2
2

r cos cos )sin ;

2 2

_ _
2 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2
_
2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
_
2 2 3 2 2
[ sin cos2 cos sin cos sin cos (sin cos cos )cos ]
[ sin cos2 cos cos sin cos sin cos sin (sin cos cos )]
[ sin cos2 sin sin cos sin cos ]
r E r r r a
r r r
r r a

= + + +
+
+ +
a +
4

Prob. 1.9
(a)

cos sin 0 3
sin cos 0 2
0 0 1
z
H
H
H

=




3cos 2sin , 3sin 2cos , 4
z
H H

H = + = + =

(3cos 2sin ) ( 3sin 2cos ) 4
z
= + + + H a a a
(b) At P, 2, 60 , 1
o
z = = =


= + + + (3cos60 2sin60 ) ( 3sin60 2cos60 ) 4
o o o o
z
H a a a


= 3.232 1.598 4
z
a a a


17








Prob. 1.10

(a)

18









19
Prob. 1.11

(a)

r x y z z
z
or
x y r r
r
z r
= + + = +
= =
= + = +
=
= =

2 2 2 2 2
1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

.
tan ; .
sin cos sin sin
sin ;
cos ; .
.
_
a





(b) From the figures below,














_ _ _ _ _ _ _
.
_ _
_ _
_ _
_ _ _ _ _ _
sin cos ; cos sin ;
Hence,
sin 0 cos
cos 0 sin
0 1 0
From the figures below,
cos sin ; cos sin ;
r z z
r
z
r z r
a a a a a a a
a a
a a
a a
a a a a a a

= + = =





=








= + =
_ _
. a a =

a
z
a

a
r
cos
z
a

z
sin ( ) a
z

a

z
sin a

-



20





z z
sin ( )

a
cosa
r

a

a
r

a
z

a
r
a

cos

a
a

sina
r













a
a
a
a
a
a
z
r
z
_
_
_
_
_
_
sin cos
cos sin

0
0 0 1
0








Prob. 1.12


21


Prob. 1.13

Using eq. (1.32),

2 2 2 2
2 1 1 2 2 1 2 1
2 2 2
2 cos( ) ( )
10 5 2(5)(10)cos(60 30 ) ( 4 2) 74.4
o o
d z z = + +
= + + =
74.4 8.625 d = =

Prob. 1.14


(a) d = + + = = ( ) ( ) ( ) . 6 2 1 1 2 5 29 5385
2 2 2


(b)
d
d
2 2 2 2
3 5 2 3 5 1 5 100
100 10
= + + =
= =
( )( )cos ( )



22
(c)

2 2 2
3
10 5 2(10)(5)cos cos 2(10)(5)sin sin cos(7 )
4 6 4 6 4 4
125 100(cos cos sin sin ) 125 100cos75 99.12
4 6 4 6
99.12 9.956.
o
d
d


= +
= = =
= =

Prob. 1.15


A
A
A
A
A
A
x
x y
y
x y
y
x y
x
x y
A
A
A
x
y
z z
z

=
+

+
+ +

cos sin
sin cos

0
0
0 0 1
0
0
0 0 1
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2

+ + + + + +



=
+ + + + + +

+ + + +

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
sin cos cos cos sin
sin sin cos sin cos
cos sin 0
0
x r
y
z
A A
A A
A A
x xz y
x y z x y x y z x y
y yz x
x y z x y x y z x y
x y z
x y z x y z

r
A
A
A







23

Prob. 1.16


24




Prob. 1.17

(a) = = (5,2, 1) (1, 3,4) 5 A B

(b)
5 2 1
5 21 17
1 3 4
z
x

= =

A B a a a

(c )
5
cos 0.179 100.31
25 4 1 1 9 16
o
AB AB
AB


= = = =
+ + + +
A B

25

(d)
2 2 2
(5, 21, 17) (5, 21, 17)
| |
755
5 21 17
0.182 0.7643 0.6187
n
z
x
x


= = =
+ +
=
A B
a
A B
a a a


(e)


= = = = +
2
( ) 5
( ) 0.1923 0.5769 0.7692 `
26
B B B z
B
A BB B
A A a a a a a



Prob. 1.18









26

Prob. 1.19

(a) At Q, 10, / 2, / 3 r = = =
sin cos 10sin / 2cos / 3 10(1)(1/ 2) 5 x r = = = =
sin sin 10sin / 2sin / 3 10(1)( 3/ 2) 8.66 y r = = = =
cos 10cos / 2 0 z r = = =
Q(x,y,z) =Q(5,8.66,0)

(b) At P, 9 16 4 5.385 r = + + =

2
cos 0.3714 68.2
5.385
o
z
r
= = = =
= = = =
+
2 2
3
cos 0.6 306.87
5
o
x
x y

= ( , , ) (5.385,68.2 ,306.87 )
o o
P r P

(c )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
( ) ( ) ( ) 2 12.66 2 168.2756
12.97
p Q p Q p Q
d x x y y y y
d
= + + = + + =
=



Prob. 1.20

(a) An infinite line parallel to the z-axis.

(b) Point (2,-1,10).

(c) A circle of radius r sin = 5 , i.e. the intersection of a cone and a sphere.

(d) An infinite line parallel to the z-axis.

(e) A semi-infinite line parallel to the x-y plane.

(f) A semi-circle of radius 5 in the y-z plane

Prob. 1.21


27






Prob. 1.22

_ _ _ _
_ _
_ _ _
_ _
3
( ) , 3, 4, 1, 5,cos
5
3
0 5(1)( ) 25(1)
5
3 25
5 1
26, sin cos
26, 26
3 5
26( ) 2( 26)
5
26
15.6 10
z
z
r
r
a At T x y z
A a a a
a a
r
B a a
a a

= = = = =
= +
= +
= = =

= +
= +

28


_
_ _ _ _ _ _
( ) In cylindrical coordinates,
sin cos 0 15.6
0 0 1 0
cos sin 0 10
5
15.6 sin 15.6( ) 15.3
26
10, 15.6 cos 3.059
( , , ) ( 15.3,10, 3.059)
( ) (
z
z
B B B
b
B
B
B
B
B B
B z
A A a a A B

= = =
= = =
=
= =
_
2
_
_ _ _
1 (30 76.485)( 15.3,10, 3.059)
)
343.45
2.071 1.354 0.4141 . z
B
B
a a a

=
= +

( )
sin cos
cos sin
c
A
A
A
r
In spherical coordinates,

0
0
0 1 0
0
3
25

= = =
= = =
=
= =

= = +
_ _ _
_ _
_ _
_ _ _ _
25
25cos 4.903
26
5
25sin 25( ) 24.51
26
3
4.903 24.51 3 245.1 95.83 382.43
15.6 0 10
(0.528 0.2064 0.8238 .
464.23
r
r
r
AxB r
A
A
A
a a a
A B
A B
a a a a
a a a





29








Prob. 1.23

At P
B
B
B
B
B
B
B a a a
x
y
z z
x y z
( , , ), ;
cos sin
sin cos
_ _ _ _
0 2 5 90
0
0
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
0 0 1
5
1
3
5 3
=

( ) ( , , ) ( , , )
.
_ _
_ _ _
a A B
a a a
x y z
+ = +
= +
2410 1 5 3
7

= =

= =
_ _
1
52
( ) cos
4200
52
cos ( ) 143.36 .
4200
AB
AB
A B
b
AB

( ) . .
_ _
_ _
c A A a
A B
B
B
B
= =

= =
52
35
8789











30






Prob. 1.24

= + +
= + +

= +
_ _ _
2 2
_ _ _
2 2
2
2
3
2 cos sin
cos (1 cos )
sin
cos 2cot sin sin
sin cos sin sin cos cos
cos cos cos sin sin 2cot sin
sin cos 0 sin
sin cos 2cos s
y z
x
x y z
r
r
r
G a a
r
a a a
G
G
G
G
a

+
= +
= +
= +
= +
+ +
+
2 2
3 2
3 2 2
2
_
3 2
3 2 2
in cos sin
sin cos 3cos sin
cos cos 2cot cos sin sin sin
sin cos 2cot sin cos
[sin cos 3cos sin ]
[ cos cos 2cot cos sin sin sin ]
sin cos (2cot cos )
r
G
G
G a
a
a














31