Alkanes

1.

(a)

Define the term structural isomerism.

.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)

(b)

Draw graphical formulae for the structural isomers of C 4H10.

Isomer 1

Isomer 2

(2)

(b)

A hydrocarbon, W, contains 92.3% carbon by mass. The relative molecular mass of W is

78.0
(i)

Calculate the empirical formula of W.

.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

(ii)

Calculate the molecular formula of W.

.....................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
(4)

Mill Hill High School

(iii)

Give the name and draw the graphical formula of an alkene that is an isomer of
but-1-ene and that has a different carbon skeleton.
Name .........................................................................................................
Graphical formula

(2)
(Total 10 marks)

Alkenes
2.

(a)

(i)

Name the alkene CH3CH2CH=CH2

...........................................................................................................................

(ii)

Explain why CH3CH2CH=CH2 does not show geometrical isomerism.

...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................

(iii)

Draw an isomer of CH3CH2CH=CH2 which does show geometrical isomerism.

(iv)

Draw another isomer of CH3CH2CH=CH2 which does not show geometrical

isomerism.

(4)
(Total 4 marks)

3.

(a)

But-2-ene can exist in two isomeric forms. Give the structures of these two isomers
and name the type of isomerism.
Structure 1

Mill Hill High School

Structure 2

Type of isomerism ................................................................................................

(3)

(b)

Explain why but-1-ene does not show this type of isomerism.

...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 4 marks)

Haloalkanes
4.

There are four structural isomers of molecular formula C 4H9Br. The structural formulae of two
of these isomers are given below.
H

H
H

H
H

Br

Isomer 1
(a)

(i)

Isomer 2

Draw the structural formulae of the remaining two isomers.

Isomer 3
(ii)

CH3CH2CH2CH2Br

Isomer 4

Name isomer 1.
...........................................................................................................................
(3)
TOTAL 2 marks

Mill Hill High School

(a) Give the structural formula, showing all covalent bonds for the CFC 1, 1, 2,
trichloro-1, 2, 2-trifluoroethane.

(1)
(b)

1, 1, 1, 2-tetrafluoroethane can be made by a two stage synthesis. Write the equations for the
following reactions.
(i)

Tetrachloroethane is reacted with chlorine and hydrogen fluoride to produce 1, 1dichlorotetrafluoroethane and hydrogen chloride.

(ii)

The 1, 1-dichlorotetrafluoroethane is reduced by hydrogen gas to , 1, 1, 2tetrafluoroethane and hydrogen chloride.

(2)
TOTAL 3 marks.

Mill Hill High School

6.

(a)

Define the term structural isomerism.

.
.
.
(2)

(b) Draw the graphical formulae for the two structural isomers of C 4H10
Isomers 1

Isomer 2

(2)
(c)

A hydrocarbon W contains 92.3% carbon by mass. The relative molecular mass of W is 78.0
(i)

Calculate the empirical formula of W.

(ii)

Calculate the molecular formula of W.

(4)
TOTAL 8 marks

Mill Hill High School

Mill Hill High School