Anritsu Confidential Information Summary High level Description Network Diagrams Protocol Stack Main Procedures Messages Flow Diagrams Typical Problems Hands On Acronyms and References Anritsu Confidential Information High level Description Purpose of this presentation is provide an introduction to Iu-PS interface, Protocol Stack and the main procedures in this interface The Iu interface is between the Core Network and UTRAN. The Iu interface towards the PS-domain of the core network is called Iu-PS In another words Iu-PS is the interface between RNC and SGSN Anritsu Confidential Information Network Diagrams PABX ISDN MAP ISUP MAP MAP ISUP EIR HLR AUC IN INAP GMSC MSC A-bis Um BSC R GRX Gp Gf Gr Gn GPRS Gc Gd Gn Gi Gb GGSN Private Backbone SGSN PDN Internet/Intranet/ISP PSTN/ISDN SMSC Gs A RNC RNC Iu-PS Iu-CS Iur Iub Iub Uu Node B Node B Anritsu Confidential Information Protocol Stack IP SSCOP AAL5 SCTP MTP3-B M3UA SCCP
M3UA RANAP Iu UP Protocol Layer T r a n s p o r t
N e t w o r k
L a y e r
Physical Layer Transport User Network Plane Control Plane User Plane Transport User Network Plane Transport Network Control Plane R a d i o
N e t w o r k
L a y e r
AAL5 IP UDP GTP-U Physical Layer ATM Data Link IP SCTP Data Link ATM IP UDP GTP-U SSCF-NNI Anritsu Confidential Information RANAP - Radio Access Network Application Part Major Functions of RANAP Overall RAB management. This function is responsible for setting up, modifying and releasing RABs Radio Access Bearer (RAB) as a user plane connection provided by the UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) between a User Equipment (UE) and the Core Network. The general characteristics of a RAB (data rates, QoS, etc) are normally set by the Core Network (CN) based on subscription and/or requirements of the media or set of medias using the RAB. Relocating serving RNC. This function enables to change the serving RNC functionality as well as the related Iu resources (RAB(s) and Signalling connection) from one RNC to another Anritsu Confidential Information RANAP - Radio Access Network Application Part Sending the UE Common ID (permanent NAS UE identity) to the RNC. This function makes the RNC aware of the UE's Common ID Paging the user. This function provides the CN for capability to page the UE Transport of NAS information between UE and CN Controlling the security mode in the UTRAN. This function is used to send the security keys (ciphering and integrity protection) to the UTRAN, and setting the operation mode for security functions. Location reporting. the Location Reporting Control procedure is to allow the CN to request information on the location of a given UE
Anritsu Confidential Information Main Procedures List of main procedures: Attach Detach Routing Area Update (RAU) PDP Context Activation Secondary PDP Context Activation PDP Context Deactivation PDP Context Modification Service Request Handovers SRNS Relocation (With and without Iur interface) Anritsu Confidential Information Attach The GPRS attach procedure is used for two purposes Normal GPRS attach, performed by the MS to IMSI attach for GPRS services only. Combined GPRS attach procedure, used to attach the IMSI for GPRS and non-GPRS services. The MS initiates the GPRS attach procedure by sending an ATTACH REQUEST message to the network. The attach type information element shall indicate "GPRS attach". If the GPRS attach request is accepted by the network, an ATTACH ACCEPT message is sent to the MS. If the attach request cannot be accepted by the network, an ATTACH REJECT message is transferred to the MS. This message will include a cause value indicating the reason for reject Attach procedure can used to reallocate P-TMSI/TMSI. In such cases MS will send ATTACH COMPLETE message after receiving ATTACH ACCEPT message
Anritsu Confidential Information Attach (Successful) - Messages Flow MS Network ATTACH REQUEST ATTACH ACCEPT ATTACH REJECT or ATTACH COMPLETE ATTACH REQUEST If P-TMSI and/or TMSI allocated Anritsu Confidential Information Attach (Successful) - Messages Flow SGSN RNC HLR CR Attach Request CC DTI GPRS Identity Request DTI - GPRS Identity Response DTI Authentication and Ciphering Req DTI - Authentication and Ciphering Resp DTI - Security Mode Command DTI - Security Mode Complete DTI - Attach Accept BEGIN - SendAuthenticationInfoArg END SendAuthenticationInfoRes DTI Iu Release Command DTI Iu Release Complete RLSD RLC RANAP Connection Release SCCP Connection Release Attach Request send by MS Attach is accepted by the network after successful update GPRS Location procedure Scenario: GPRS Attach Attach type information element in Attach Request message indicates "GPRS attach" OLD SGSN UpdateGPRSLocation and InsertSubscriberData procedures Cancel Location procedure DT1 - Common ID DTI - Attach Complete Attach Complete message is send by the UE if there is a P- TMSI and/or a TMSI was included within the attach accept message (Implicit P-TMSI reallocation) Anritsu Confidential Information Attach (Unsuccessful) - Messages Flow SGSN RNC HLR CR Attach Request CC DTI GPRS Identity Request DTI - GPRS Identity Response DTI Authentication and Ciphering Req DTI - Authentication and Ciphering Resp DTI - Security Mode Command DTI - Security Mode Complete DTI - Attach Reject BEGIN - SendAuthenticationInfoArg END SendAuthenticationInfoRes DTI Iu Release Command DTI Iu Release Complete RLSD RLC Attach Request send by MS Attach is Rejected by the network with the cause value Roaming not allowed in this location area Scenario: GPRS Attach Attach type information element in Attach Request message indicates "GPRS attach" UpdateGPRSLocation procedure failed UpdateGPRSLocation procedure fails with the cause value, RoamingNotAllowed DT1 - Common ID Anritsu Confidential Information Detach The GPRS detach procedure is used To detach the IMSI for GPRS services only As a combined GPRS detach procedure used to detach the IMSI for GPRS and non-GPRS services or for non-GPRS services only Detach procedure can be initiated by the MS or the Network The GPRS detach procedure is initiated by the MS by sending a DETACH REQUEST message. The detach type information element may indicate "GPRS detach with switching off", "GPRS detach without switching off", "IMSI detach", "GPRS/IMSI detach with switching off" or "GPRS/IMSI detach without switching off". In case the network initiates the GPRS detach procedure it sends a DETACH REQUEST message to the MS. The DETACH REQUEST message shall include a detach type IE. The detach type IE indicates "re-attach not required" or "re-attach required" Anritsu Confidential Information Detach Message Flow MS Network DETACH REQUEST DETACH ACCEPT or at MS power switch off DETACH REQUEST MS Network DETACH REQUEST DETACH ACCEPT MS initiated Detach Network initiated Detach Anritsu Confidential Information Detach (Successful) Message Flow SGSN RNC GGSN CR Detach Request CC DTI Common ID DTI Detach Accept DTI Iu-Release Command DTI Iu-Release Complete RLSD RLC SGSN sends Detach Accept message back to UE UE sends Detach Request message to SGSN. Detach type IE indicates GPRS detach without switching off All ongoing control plane procedures are aborted
The SGSN sends Delete PDP Context Request messages for all active PDP contexts to the peer GGSNs Anritsu Confidential Information Routing Area Update (RAU) This procedure is used for: Normal routing area updating to update the registration of the actual routing area of an MS in the network Combined routing area updating to update the registration of the actual routing and location area of an MS in the network Periodic routing area updating. This procedure is used to notify periodically the availability of the mobile station to the network IMSI attach for non-GPRS services when the MS is IMSI attached for GPRS services Anritsu Confidential Information RAU Message Flow MS Network ROUTING AREA UPDATE REQUEST ROUTING AREA UPDATE ACCEPT ROUTING AREA UPDATE COMPLETE or ROUTING AREA UPDATE REJECT ROUTING AREA UPDATE REQUEST Anritsu Confidential Information RAU (Successful) Message Flow SGSN RNC HLR CR Routing Area Update Request CC DTI - Security Mode Command DTI - Security Mode Complete DTI Routing Area Update Accept DTI Iu Release Command DTI Iu Release Complete RLSD RLC Routing Area Update Request send by UE. The update type IE indicates RA updating Routing Area Update is accepted by the network after successful update GPRS Location procedure OLD SGSN UpdateGPRSLocation and InsertSubscriberData procedures Cancel Location procedure DT1 - Common ID DTI - Routing Area Update Complete Routing Area Update Complete message is send by the UE if there is a P-TMSI and/or a TMSI was included within the attach accept message (Implicit P-TMSI reallocation) Anritsu Confidential Information RAU (Unsuccessful) - Messages Flow SGSN RNC HLR CR Routing Area Update Request CC DTI - Security Mode Command DTI - Security Mode Complete DTI Routing Area Update Reject DTI Iu Release Command DTI Iu Release Complete RLSD RLC Routing Area Update Request send by UE Routing Area Update is Rejected by the network with the cause value #17 Network Failure UpdateGPRSLocation procedures failed with error System Failure DT1 - Common ID UpdateGPRSLocation procedure is failed because of System Failure Anritsu Confidential Information PDP Context Activation The purpose of this procedure is to establish a PDP context between the MS and the network for a specific QoS on a specific NSAPI. The PDP context activation may be initiated by the MS or the initiation may be requested by the network
In order to request a PDP context activation, the MS sends an ACTIVATE PDP CONTEXT REQUEST message to the network. The message contains the selected NSAPI, PDP type, requested QoS
Upon receipt of an ACTIVATE PDP CONTEXT REQUEST message, the network selects a radio priority level based on the QoS negotiated and may reply with an ACTIVATE PDP CONTEXT ACCEPT message
Or, the network may reject the MS initiated PDP context activation by sending an ACTIVATE PDP CONTEXT REJECT message to the MS
In case network request a PDP context activation, its sends a REQUEST PDP CONTEXT ACTIVATION message to the UE
Anritsu Confidential Information PDP Context Activation Message Flow
MS Network ACTIVATE PDP CONTEXT REQUEST ACTIVATE PDP CONTEXT ACCEPT ACTIVATE PDP CONTEXT REJECT or MS Network REQUEST PDP CONTEXT ACTIVATION ACTIVATE PDP CONTEXT ACCEPT ACTIVATE PDP CONTEXT REQUEST ACTIVATE PDP CONTEXT REJECT or or REQUEST PDP CONTEXT ACTIVATION REJECT MS initiated PDP context activation Network initiated PDP context activation Anritsu Confidential Information PDP Context Activation (Successful) Message Flow SGSN RNC GGSN CR Service Request CC DTI Security Mode Command DTI - Security Mode Complete DTI Common ID DTI Activate PDP Context Request DTI RAB Assignment Response DTI RAB Assignment Request DTI - Activate PDP Context Accept GTP Create PDP Context Request GTP Create PDP Context Response DTI Iu-Release Command DTI Iu-Release Complete RLSD RLC Iu Connection Release SCCP Connection Release DTI Iu-Release Request Cause = #128 Request Accepted Service Type = Signalling Anritsu Confidential Information PDP Context Activation (Unsuccessful) Message Flow SGSN RNC GGSN CR Service Request CC DTI Security Mode Command DTI - Security Mode Complete DTI Common ID DTI Activate PDP Context Request DTI - Activate PDP Context Reject GTP Create PDP Context Request GTP Create PDP Context Response DTI Iu-Release Command DTI Iu-Release Complete RLSD RLC Iu Connection Release SCCP Connection Release Cause = #209 User Authentication Failed Cause = #29 User Authentication Failed Service Type = Signalling Anritsu Confidential Information Secondary PDP Context Activation This procedure is used to establish an additional PDP context between the MS and the network for a specific QoS profile
It is invoked when one or more PDP contexts have already been established for the particular PDP address and APN
In order to request a secondary PDP context activation, the MS shall send an ACTIVATE SECONDARY PDP CONTEXT REQUEST The network will reply with ACTIVATE SECONDARY PDP CONTEXT ACCEPT message, if the request can be accepted Or, the network may reject the MS initiated PDP context activation by sending an ACTIVATE SECONDARY PDP CONTEXT REJECT message to the MS
Secondary PDP context activation also can be initiated by the network by sending REQUEST SECONDARY PDP CONTEXT ACTIVATION message to the MS Anritsu Confidential Information Secondary PDP Context Activation - Message Flow MS Network ACTIVATE SECONDARY PDP CONTEXT REQUEST ACTIVATE SECONDARY PDP CONTEXT ACCEPT ACTIVATE SECONDARY PDP CONTEXT REJECT or MS Network ACTIVATE SECONDARY PDP CONTEXT REQUEST ACTIVATE SECONDARY PDP CONTEXT ACCEPT ACTIVATE SECONDARY PDP CONTEXT REJECT or REQUEST SECONDARY PDP CONTEXT ACTIVATION REQUEST SECONDARY PDP CONTEXT ACTIVATION or MS initiated Secondary PDP context activation Network initiated Secondary PDP context activation Anritsu Confidential Information Secondary PDP Context Activation (Successful) Message Flow SGSN RNC GGSN CR Service Request CC DTI Security Mode Command DTI - Security Mode Complete DTI Common ID DTI Activate Second PDP Context Req DTI RAB Assignment Response DTI RAB Assignment Request DTI - Activate Second PDP Context Accpt DTI Iu-Release Command DTI Iu-Release Complete RLSD RLC DTI Iu-Release Request Cause = #128 Request Accepted Service Type = Signalling Secondary PDP context activation is initiated by the UE Secondary PDP context activation is accepted by the network GTP Create PDP context Request GTP Create PDP context Response Anritsu Confidential Information Secondary PDP Context Activation (Unsuccessful) Message Flow SGSN RNC GGSN CR Service Request CC DTI Security Mode Command DTI - Security Mode Complete DTI Common ID DTI Activate Second PDP Context Req DTI RAB Assignment Response DTI RAB Assignment Request DTI - Activate Second PDP Context Reject DTI Iu-Release Command DTI Iu-Release Complete RLSD RLC DTI Iu-Release Request RAB assignment is failed with cause value Requested traffic class not available Service Type = Data Secondary PDP context activation is initiated by the UE Secondary PDP context activation is Rejected by the network DTI RAB Assignment Response DTI RAB Assignment Request Anritsu Confidential Information PDP Context Modification The PDP context modification procedure is invoked by the network or by the MS, in order to change the QoS negotiated, the Radio priority level, or the TFT, negotiated during the PDP context activation procedure
In order to initiate the procedure, the MS sends the MODIFY PDP CONTEXT REQUEST message to the network. The message may contain the requested new QoS and/or the TFT
Upon receipt of the MODIFY PDP CONTEXT REQUEST message, the network may reply with the MODIFY PDP CONTEXT ACCEPT message in order to accept the context modification
Or, the network may reject the MS initiated PDP context modification request by sending a MODIFY PDP CONTEXT REJECT message to the MS
In case the network initiates the PDP context modification procedure, the network sends the MODIFY PDP CONTEXT REQUEST message to the MS Anritsu Confidential Information PDP Context Modification Message Flow
MS Network MODIFY PDP CONTEXT REQUEST MODIFY PDP CONTEXT ACCEPT MODIFY PDP CONTEXT REJECT or MS Network MODIFY PDP CONTEXT REQUEST MODIFY PDP CONTEXT ACCEPT MS initiated Modify PDP Context Network initiated Modify PDP Context Anritsu Confidential Information PDP Context Modification (Successful) Message Flow SGSN RNC GGSN CR Service Request CC DTI Security Mode Command DTI - Security Mode Complete DTI Common ID DTI Modify PDP Context Request DTI - Modify PDP Context Accept GTP Update PDP Context Request GTP Update PDP Context Response DTI Iu-Release Command DTI Iu-Release Complete RLSD RLC Once the PDP context is modified Modify PDP Context Accept message is send to the UE Service Type = Signalling In order to Modify the PDP context, Modify PDP Context Request by the UE to the SGSN
This message may contain the new QOS parameters Update PDP Context procedure is executed in the Gn interface Anritsu Confidential Information PDP Context Modification (Unsuccessful) Message Flow SGSN RNC GGSN CR Service Request CC DTI Security Mode Command DTI - Security Mode Complete DTI Common ID DTI Modify PDP Context Request DTI - Modify PDP Context Reject GTP Update PDP Context Request GTP Update PDP Context Response DTI Iu-Release Command DTI Iu-Release Complete RLSD RLC PDP context modification is rejected by the SGSN by sending Modify PDP Context Reject message to the UE
This message has the cause value Service option not supported Service Type = Signalling In order to Modify the PDP context, Modify PDP Context Request by the UE to the SGSN
This message may contain the new QOS parameters Update PDP Context procedure is executed in the Gn interface. Update pdp context response contains the cause value Service not supported' Anritsu Confidential Information PDP Context Deactivation The purpose of this procedure is to deactivate an existing PDP context between the MS and the network. The PDP context deactivation may be initiated by the MS or by the network
In order to deactivate a PDP context, the MS sends a DEACTIVATE PDP CONTEXT REQUEST message to the network. The message contains the cause which is typically #26:insufficient resources, #36: regular deactivation or #37: QoS not accepted The network shall reply with the DEACTIVATE PDP CONTEXT ACCEPT message
In case of network initiated PDP context deactivation, the network sends a DEACTIVATE PDP CONTEXT REQUEST message to the MS. The message contains the cause which is typically #8: operator Determined Barring, #36: regular deactivation, #38: network failure, or # 39: reactivation requested The MS shall, upon receipt of this message, reply with a DEACTIVATE PDP CONTEXT ACCEPT message
Anritsu Confidential Information PDP Context Deactivation Message Flow MS Network DEACTIVATE PDP CONTEXT REQUEST DEACTIVATE PDP CONTEXT ACCEPT MS Network DEACTIVATE PDP CONTEXT ACCEPT DEACTIVATE PDP CONTEXT REQUEST MS initiated PDP Context Deactivation Network initiated PDP Context Deactivation Anritsu Confidential Information PDP Context Deactivation (Successful) Message Flow SGSN RNC GGSN CR Service Request CC DTI Security Mode Command DTI - Security Mode Complete DTI Common ID DTI Deactivate PDP Context Request DTI - Deactivate PDP Context Accept GTP Delete PDP Context Request GTP Delete PDP Context Response DTI Iu-Release Command DTI Iu-Release Complete RLSD RLC Cause = #128 Request Accepted Service Type = Signalling SM Cause = #24h Regular Deactivation Anritsu Confidential Information Service Request This procedure is used for The initiation of CM layer service (e.g. SM or SMS) procedure from the MS in IDLE mode The network to transfer down link signalling Uplink and downlink of user data
The MS initiates the Service request procedure by sending a SERVICE REQUEST message. The service type IE shall indicate either "data", "signalling or "paging response
If the Service request cannot be accepted, the network returns a SERVICE REJECT message to the mobile station with appropriate cause Anritsu Confidential Information Service Request (Successful) Message Flow Service Type = Signalling SGSN RNC GGSN CR Service Request CC DTI Security Mode Command DTI - Security Mode Complete DTI Common ID DTI Deactivate PDP Context Request DTI - Deactivate PDP Context Accept GTP Delete PDP Context Request GTP Delete PDP Context Response DTI Iu-Release Command DTI Iu-Release Complete RLSD RLC Cause = #128 Request Accepted Service Type = Signalling SM Cause = #24h Regular Deactivation Scenario 1: Service Request for Signalling purpose
There is no RAB Assignment in this scenario Anritsu Confidential Information Service Request (Successful) Message Flow Service Type = Data SGSN RNC GGSN CR Service Request CC DTI Security Mode Command DTI - Security Mode Complete DTI Common ID DTI RAB Assignment Request DTI - RAB Assignment Response DTI Iu-Release Command DTI Iu-Release Complete RLSD RLC Service Type = Data Scenario 2: Service Request for sending Data by the UE DTI Iu-Release Request RAB Assignment procedure is involved in this scenario IU Connection is released based when RRC connection is released in UTRAN Anritsu Confidential Information Service Request (Unsuccessful) Message Flow SGSN RNC GGSN CR Service Request CC DTI Service Reject DTI Iu-Release Command DTI Iu-Release Complete RLSD RLC Service Request is rejected by the network because there is no Active PDP Context for this UE. Please note the service request type was Data Service type = Data Anritsu Confidential Information SRNS Relocation Macro Diversity Macro diversity, refers to the condition that several radio links are active at the same time. These radio links may be towards different Node-Bs which are controlled by different RNCs RNC Roles Serving RNC RNC which serves an UE and provides connection to core network Drift RNC RNC which provides UE radio resources, but doesn't manage UEs connection with core network SRNS relocation Procedure by which Drift RNC is made as the Serving RNC, when the UE is moved towards Drift RNC Anritsu Confidential Information Forward Relocation With Iur (Successful) Message MS
Target RNC Source RNC Old SGSN New SGSN GGSN 3. Forward Relocation Request
Decision to perform MS Involved SRNS Relocation Establishment of Radio Access Bearers MS detected by target RNC 15. Routing Area Update Note: Forwarding of data is through Iu interface RRC Message, Physical Channel Reconfiguration is send by RNC
Mobile responds with Physical Channel Reconfiguration complete when UE has reconfigured itself Anritsu Confidential Information SRNS Relocation Failure
UE UE RNS-A SGSN RNS-B Iu-Relocation-Required Iu-Relocation-Request Iu-Relocation-Failure Iu-Relocation-Preparation Failure Iu- Release-Command Iu- Release-Complete Target RNS sends a IU-Relocation- Failure message to MSC with cause value No Radio Resources Available in Target cell SGSN sends a IU-Relocation- Preparation-Failure message to RNS- A with cause value No Radio Resources Available in Target cell
The call between the UE and the old RNS and between the old RNS and the MSC shall continue as if there had been no handover attempt Scenario: Handover Failure due to resource allocation failure in target RNS MSC sends IU-Release-Command message with the cause "Relocation Cancelled " to the Target RNS, Anritsu Confidential Information Typical Problems Attach Reject Code 7: GPRS services not allowed Code 14: GPRS services not allowed in this PLMN Code 17: Network Failure PDP Context Activation Failure Code 26: Insufficient resources Code 29: User Authentication failed Code 33: Requested service option not subscribed Code 38: Network failure Anritsu Confidential Information Typical Problems RAB Assignment Failure Code 15: Release due to UTRAN Generated Reason Code 18: Requested Traffic Class not Available Code 23: Invalid RAB Parameters Combination Code 46: Radio Connection With UE Lost Code 114: No Resource Available Routing Area Update Failure 9 MS identity cannot be derived by the network 10 Implicitly detached 17 Network failure 111 Protocol error-unspecified
Anritsu Confidential Information Hands On(1/2) Tracing Attach Reject with #11: Network failure cause in PAC Select the appropriate IuPS linksets in PAC Apply filter for in GMM layer with following criteria Message Type = Attach Reject GMM Cause = #11: Network failure
Anritsu Confidential Information Hands On(1/2) Filter Setup Results in Detailed View Results in Overvie w Anritsu Confidential Information Hands On(2/2) Tracing Activate PDP context failure in CallTrace other than #29: user authentication failed and #33: Requested service option not subscribed In Calltrace select IuPs-Dialogue Select the appropriate Linksets and the Time interval In Filter Condition Select PdpActivationFailureCause From the selected drop down select #29: user authentication failed and #33: Requested service option not subscribed Change the criteria from equals to not equals Now hit the Start Trace button to see the results
Anritsu Confidential Information Hands On(2/2) Setup Results Right click on the message in Sequence Diagram to obtain this view Anritsu Confidential Information Q&A
Anritsu Confidential Information Acronyms and References
Drift Radio Network Controller Home Location Register Mobile Switching Center Radio Network Controller Radio Network Subsystem Short Message Service Center Serving Radio Network Controller Serving Radio Network Subsystem User Equipment UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network Visitor Location Register
Protocols GPRS tunnelling protocol Packet Data Protocol Radio Access Network Application Part Call Control Mobile Applications Part Signalling Connection Control Part
Messages SCCP - Connection Confirm SCCP Connection Request SCCP Data Form 1 SCCP Release Complete SCCP Released SCCP - Unit Data TCAP - BEGIN Message Identifiers TCAP CONTINUE Message TCAP END Message
Identifiers Source Local Reference Destination Local Reference International Mobile Subscriber Identity International Mobile Equipment Identity Mobile Subscriber ISDN Number Entities DRNC HLR MSC RNC RNS SMSC SRNC SRNS UE UTRAN VLR