Virus HSV1 HSV2 Varicella-Zoster Cytomegalovirus Epstein-Barr virus

Viral family Herpes Herpes Herpes Herpes Herpes

Structure dsDNA
Envelope (nuclear membrane origin)
Icosahedral nucleocapsid (162 capsids)
Fusion
Budding
Characteristic giant cells and eosinophillic intranuclear bodies
ransmission !
Carriage
aliva
!on"ac" #i"h vesicles
$a"en" in trigeminal
ganglion
e%ual "ransmission
&er"ical "ransmiss"ion
(bir"h canal)
$a"en" in lumbar and
sacral ganglion
Direc" con"ac"
Aerosol
$a"en" in dorsal root
ganglion
Blood "rans'usion
!lose con"ac"
(rgan "ransplan"a"ion
&er"ical "ransmission
in"rau"erine ) perina"al
$a"en" in l*mphoc*"es
and various "issues
!lose con"ac"
aliva
$a"en" in B l*mphoc*"es
(Nasal s#ab+ "hroa"
#ashings)
"ncubation period 2 , - #ee.s / , 0 #ee.s
Clinical features
Herpes are 'orever1
Fever+ malaise+
l*mphadenopa"h*
2ingivos"oma"i"is
Herpe"ic labialis
!old sores (recurren")
Herpe"ic 3hi"lo#
Fever+ malaise+
l*mphadenopah*
&esiculoulcera"ive
lesions o' geni"alia
Fever+ malaise
&esicular rash 'rom 'ace
and "run. "o#ards
pheripher*
hingles (recurren")
Fever+
l*mphadenopa"h*
Neurological se4uelae
In'ec"ious
mononucleosis+
c*"omegalic inclusion
disease (congeni"al)
$e"harg*+ anore%ia+
'ever+ phar*ngi"is+
e%uda"ive "onsilli"is+
rash
In'ec"ious
mononucleosis
s*ndrome
Complications Asep"ic mening"i"is
#eratocon$unctivitis
Ec5ema herpe"icum
%cute necroti&ing
encephalitis 'temporal
lobe(
!ervival and vulva
carcinoma (Hi" and run
disease)
Acu"e encephali"is
Asep"ic meningi"is
6neumonia
.in superin'ec"ion
)ost-infectious
encephalomyelitis
Hemorrhages
Ar"hri"is
Neuralgia
*uillan-Barre
6os" na"al hepa"i"is
Hepatitis
N6!
Bur.i""7s l*mphoma
Hepatitis
Immunoblas"ic
l*mphoma
Neurological s*ndrome
Haema"ological
8*ocardi"is+ 6ericardi"is
+iagnosis C)E o' rounded cells
,ultinucleated giant cells
"ntranuclear inclusions 'Co-dry ype %
inclusions(
erolog* (/% increase in "i"re)
No signi'ican" rise in Ig during recurren" in'ec"ion
9 H&2 gro#s pla4ue in chic. embr*o monola*ers
C)E
,ultinucleated giant
cells
"ntranuclear
inclusions
erolog*
C)E
,ultinucleated giant
cells
"ntranuclear
inclusions '.-l/s eye(
erolog*
0o heterophile
antibodies
A"*pical l*mphoc*"osis
Heterophile antibodies
Haemagglutinating
antibodies
0o intranuclear
inclusions
An"ibodies "o EB& virus
A"*pical l*mphoc*"osis
reatment Ac*clovir+ &alaciclovir+ "ri'luridine+ avoid use o' s"eroids 'or .era"ocon:un"ivi"is
9Ac*clovir preven"s recurrences 'or H& II
2anc*clovir %void ampicillin
(e%caba"ion o' rash)
Virus H%V HBV HCV H+V HEV
Viral family 6iconavirus Hepdnavirus Flavivirus a"elli"e virus !alciviridae
Structure ;ve ss<NA
No envelope
1 serotype
)artial ds+0%1 env
+0%-dependent-+0%
polymerase
HbAg! (core)
HbAgE (precore)
HbAg+ pre1+ pre2
/ sub"*pes = common >a7
;ve ss<NA
E1 E2
6 geno"*pes #i"h grea"
varia"ion
HBsAg re4uired "o coa"
cell "o be in'ec"ious
;ve ss<NA
No envelope
/ geno"*pes
Zoonotic in pigs
ransmission !
Carriage
Fecal=(ral rou"e
<eplica"es in 2I "rac"
be'ore spreading "o "he
liver
Hepa"ic damage b*
in'lamma"ion
Blood ) Blood produc"s
!lose con"ac"
e%ual "ransmission
!ongeni"al
12 ! 13 4 carrier rate
54 chronic cirrhosis
14 HCC
Blood) Blood produc"s
6? , @? A carrier ra"e
uperin'ec"ion (in acu"e
HepB in'ec"ions)
!o=in'ec"ion (in HepB
carriers)
Fecal=(ral rou"e
"ncubation period / , 6 #ee.s - , / m"hs 6 , @ #ee.s
Clinical features %cute
Fever
2as"roin"es"inal
s*mp"oms
Baundice
6ife-long protection
Fever
2as"roin"es"inal
s*mp"oms
Baundice
Fever
2as"roin"es"inal
s*mp"oms
Baundice
7luctuating H6
Fever
2as"roin"es"inal
s*mp"oms
Baundice
Acu"e
Severe disease in
pregnant -omen
Complications $iver necrosis ) 'ailure
No se4uelae
!hronic cirrhosis
H!!
Serum sic8ness
*lomerulonephritis
)olyarteritis nodosa
!hronic cirrhosis
(grea"er incidence "han
Hep B)
Hepa"o=cellular
carcinoma
+iagnosis Ig8 an"iHA& Hbc%b ! -indo-
period
Hbs%g ! 9 :mths
indicates carrier state
Hbe%g ! infectious
"g, serology not used
6!<
An"i=H!& ;
con'irma"or* 3es"ern
blo""ing) Immunoblo"
Ig8 an"iHE&
6!<
reatment &accineC .illed virus
Adminis"ra"ion o' Ig
during hepa"i"is ma*
mi"iga"e disease
6amivudine B(NN<DI)
%lpha-thymosine
%lpha-"70
&accine ; proph*la%is
'or ne#born
&accineC recombinan"
*eas" vaccine
IFN
&accineC inac"iva"ed
an"igen
HepB vaccine An"ibod* pro"ec"ion
does no" las"
("her causes o' hepa"i"isC drug use ('ulminan")+ viral in'ec"ions (C,V1 EBV1 rubella1 Haantan virus)+ alcoholism+ al'a"o%ins1
Virus ,easles ,umps ;ubella
Viral family 6araor"hom*%ovirus 6araor"hom*%ovirus Dogavirus (<ubivirus)
Structure 1 sero"*pe
0o * protein
F pro"ein presen"
=ve ss<NA
Envelope
2 pro"ein
F pro"ein
=ve ss<NA
Envelope
1 sero"*pe
;ve ss<NA
Envelope
ransmission !
Carriage
<espira"or* drople"s
(nasal epi"helium+ saliva+ urine)
<espira"or* mucosa $ocal l*mph nodes Bloods"ream .in
"ncubation period 1? , 1/ da*s 2 , - #ee.s 2 , - #ee.s
Clinical features Fever+ con$unctivitis+ cough+ rhinohoea
#opli8/s spots
8aculopapular rash ('rom 'ace) upon
de'erverscence ("=cell media"ed vasculi"is)
.titis media
Fever+ malaise
6aro"id gland enlargemen"
!ervical l*mphadenopa"h*
Fever+ malaise
!ervical l*madenopa"h*
7orschheimer/s spots
E%an"hem (immune ingur* E viral
replica"ion)
Complications Sub-acute slerosing panencephalitis
)ost infectious demyelinating
encephalitis
Asep"ic meningi"is
.rchitis
Ar"hri"is
Encephali"is
Dhromboc*"openic pupura
Hepatitis
eratogenicity
+iagnosis 8on.e* .idne* cell cul"ure
,ultinucleated giant cells1 Cytoplasmic<
intranuclear inclusions
erolog* 'or Ig 8 and 2
8on.e* .idne*) He$a cell cul"ure
,ultinucleated giant cells1
Haemaglutination1
Eosinophilic inclusions
erolog* IF+ E$IFA+ H"
erolog* IF+ H"'standard(1 E$IFA
No !6E in cell cul"ure #i"h co%sac.ievirus
reatment 88< vaccina"ion
($i'e a""enua"ed vaccine a" 1 *ear o' age)
N<DI
NN<DI
6ro"ease inhibi"ors
Virus "nfluen&a %<B<C )arainfluen&a ;espiratory Synticial %denovirus Coronavirus
Virus
Viral family (r"hom*%ovirus 6araor"hom*%ovirus 6araor"hom*%ovirus Adenovirus !oronavirus
Structure =ve ss<NA
Envelope
Segmentation
reassor"men"
Haemaglu"inin
Neuraminase
oluble an"igens
An"igenic dri'" (mu"a"ion)
%ntigenic shift 'type %(
= serotypes
=ve ss<NA+ nonsegmen"ed
Helical nucleocapsid
Envelope
7usion protein (hemol*sin)
Haemaglu"inin)Neuraminase (2=
pro"ein)
oluble an"igens
1 sero"*pe
=ve ss<NA+ non
segmen"ed
Envelope
0o haemagglutinin
7usion protein presen"
$inear +s+0%
No envelope
G/? sero"*pes
!auses
haemaglutination
0on-envelope
Icosahedral
>ve ss<NA
2 sero"*pes
Envelope
!auses
haemaglutination
ransmission
! Carriage
<espira"or* drople"s
Foonosis (Ne# sub"*pe)
<espira"or* epi"helium
(nasal)"hroa" s#ab+ gargle
#ashings) H $ocalised
<espira"or* drople"s
<espira"or* epi"helium
(nasal)"hroa" s#ab+ gargle
#ashings)
<espira"or* drople"s
(nasalphar*ngeal s#ab)
6o-er respiratory
tract in'ec"ion in
*ounger children
<espira"or* drople"s
Ia"rogenic innocula"ion
(Dhroa")E*e s#ab+
urine+ 'eaces)
<espira"or* drople"s
(Nasal s#abs+ s"ool)
"ncubation
period
1 , / da*s
Clinical
features
Abrup" onse" o' 'ever+
m*algia+ malaise+
headache+ rhinorrhoea+ dr*
cough+ sore "hroa"
Des4uama"ion and ciliar*
damage o' respira"or*
epi"helium+ depression o'
immune s*s"em
In'an"sC bronchioli"is
!hildrenC croup
Adul"sC common cold
Bronchiopneumonia
($o#er respira"or* "rac" in'ec"ion)
Bronchioli"is+
pneumonia
3hee5ing+ c*anosis+
d*spnoea
I<DI E $<DI
6har*ngi"is+ chronic
in'ec"ion o' "onsils E
adenoids
Diarrhoea
6ha*ngocon:unc"ival
'ever+
#eratocon$unctivitis
!ommon cold
2I disorders
A<
Complications 6nuemonia (pri)sec)
8*ocardi"is
8*osi"is
;eye/s syndrome '%<B(
econdar* in'ec"ion
econdar* in'ec"ion .titis media
!ardiac 'ailure
Apnoea
econdar* in'ec"ion
+iagnosis erolog* !FD+ H"+ E$IFA
(paired sera)
IF o' an"igens
Cell culture no !6E bu"
haemadsorption
erolog* !FD+ H"+ ND (paired
sera)
Earl*, an"igens+ $a"e,& an"igens
Dissue cul"ure
C)E'multinucleated giant cells(+
haemadsorption
An"igenic IF de"ec"ion
Synctium formation of
multinucleated giant
cells
erolog* !FD+ IF+ ND
9do no" 'ree5e
specimen"
He$a cell cul"ure+ C)E
"ntranuclear
inclusions1
haemaglu"ina"ion
erolog* IF+ !FD+ ND+
H"
'H" for serotyping(
Human embr*o lung
cell line
C)E
erolog* !FD+ H"
6!<
reatment %lpha-amanitin
+actinomycin
0euraminase inhibitors
No salic*la"es
&en"ila"or* suppor"
H*dra"ion
0euraminase inhibitors1
ribavirin
Anbio"ics 'or secondar* in'ec"ion
;ibavirin aerosol
&en"ila"or* suppor"
&accine available 'or
several sero"*pes
('or mili"ar* recrui"s)
An"ibodies o''er
cross=pro"ec"ion
Virus ;hinoVirus Coc8sac8ie %<B Echovirus H7,+ )oliovirus
!A 16+ !A 2/
EV ?1
$egall*
no"i'iable
disease
Dea"hs due "o
encephalitis
and neurogenic
pulmonary
oedema
Flaccid
paral*sis rare
Highes" sero=
conversion ra"e
in age=groups 2
,J
Viral family 6icornavirus 6icornavirus 6icornavirus 6icornavirus
Structure ;ve ss<NA
No envelope
Icosahedral
G1?? sero"*pes
;ve ss<NA
No envelope
Numerous sero"*pes
;ve ss<NA
No envelope
Numerous sero"*pes
;ve ss<NA
No envelope
5 serotypes
ransmission !
Carriage
!lose con"ac"+ aerosol
<eplica"es a" lo#
"empera"ures
Non=resis"an" "o acid
Fecal=oral
Ini"ial si"e o' in'ec"ion ,
orophar*n%
in"es"ines
Fecal=oral Fecal=oral
"ncubation period 2 , / da*s 2 , K da*s 0 , 1/ da*s
Clinical features !ommon coldC
rhinorrhoea+ snee5ing+
sore "hroa"+ cough+ mild
'ever+ hoarseness+
headache
!on:unc"ivi"is
D*pe A (epi"helial
in'ec"ion)C
Herpangina1 H7,
disease (!A 16+ 2/)+
con:unc"ivi"is
D*pe B (muscular
in'ec"ion)C m*ocardi"is+
Bornholm7s disease
6olio=li.e 'laccid
paral*sis (reversible)
9cross="*ping (B/)
causes au"oimmune
diabe"es melli"us
Asep"ic meningi"is+
encephali"is+ 'ebrile
illnesses #i"h or #i"hou"
rash+ common colds
.utbrea8s during
summer
ubclinical
Abor"ive in'ec"ionC
minor in'luen5a=li.e
virus
8a:or illness(1 , 2 A)C
Asep"ic meningi"is
s"i''ness o' nec. and
bac.
&en"ral horn cell damage
Flaccid paral*sis
pasms o' non=paral*"ic
muscles
Complications inusi"is+ otitis media+
pneumonia+ asthmatic
attac8s+ bronchi"is
Encephali"is
Asep"ic meningi"is
2eneralised disease o'
in'an"s
Involvemen" o' bulbar
leads "o respira"or*
paral*sis
6rogressive poliom*eli"is
+iagnosis C)E
H$EC H sero"*pe
8L!C8 sero"*pe
ND sero"*ping
Above pH6+ -- degrees !
erological "es"ing no"
use'ul
C)E in human and
primate cell cultures
erolog* "es" di'' "o
evalua"e
)athological effects in
ne-born mice
C)E in human and
primate cell cultures
erolog* "es" di'' "o
evalua"e
No pa"hological e''ec"s
in ne#born mice
!ross=!F "es"s
C)E in human and
prima"e cell cul"ures
erolog* no" used
reatment )leconaril (6& abin
I6& al.
Virus @apanese Encephalitis Hantavirus ;otavirus 0orovirus
Viral family Flavivirus Bun*avirus <eovirus !alcivirus
Structure ;ve ss<NA
Envelope
1 sero"*pe
risegmented ss<NA
Envelope
Double s"randed segmen"ed
<NA
(#n <NA=dependen"=<NA=
pol*merase
No envelope
6 sero"*pes
D*pe=speci'ic heme=agglu"inin
ingle s"randed non=segmen"ed
<NA (;ve)
No pol*merase
No envelope
ransmission !
Carriage
!ule% "ri"aeniorh*nchus
!ule% gelidus
uspec"ed "o be "ransmi""ed b*
Aedes mos4ui"oes
3ild=bird reservoirH human
dead=end hos"
&irus replica"es in si"e o'
in'ec"ion+ local l*mphoid "issue+
endo"helium o' blood vessels
Inhala"ion o' roden" e%cre"a Fecal=oral Fecal=oral
$o# in'ec"ious dose
<esis"an" "o dr*ing and
chlorina"ion
hedding in 'eaces 'or
#ee.s a'"er recover*
"ncubation period 1 , / da*s
Clinical features Abrup" onse" o' in'luen5a=li.e
s*mp"oms and generali&ed
convulsions
Encephali"is (des"ruc"ion o'
neurons and glial cells)
8ar.ed dis"urbances o'
sensorium and signs o'
meningeal irri"a"ion
Immuni"* is li'e=long
Haemorrhagic Fever #i"h <enal
*ndrome
Febrile
H*po"ension
.liguric
Diure"ic
!onvalescen"
Han"avirus 6ulmonar*
*ndrome
Nausea+ vomi"ing
Abdominal pain
3a"er* diarrhoea (s"imula"ion o'
en"eric nervous s*s"em)
2as"roen"eri"is
No in'lamma"ion
6o- grade fever
Sudden onset o' vomi"ing and
diarrhea
Abdominal cramping
Complications !N se4uelae are severe Deh*dra"ion !N involvemen"
+iagnosis Ig8 E Ig 2 E$IA Ig 8 E$IA and IF De"ec"ion o' ro"avirus in s"ool
(!ollec"ion earl* in illness)
<IA)E$IFA
<ise in Ab "i"re
!linical diagnosis
reatment uppor"ive "rea"men" uppor"ive "rea"men"
Virus ;abies B1A Variola ,olluscum contagiosum
Viral family <habdoviridae 6arvovirus 6o% virus 6o% virus
($*ssavirus)
Structure <od=shaped
-ve ss<NA
Envelope
pi.e pro:ec"ions o'
gl*copro"eins
Single serotype
ss+0%
0o envelope
dsDNA
large
envelope
2 la"eral bodies
(#n en5*mes
ds<NA
envelope
2 la"eral bodies
(#n en5*mes
ransmission !
Carriage
Bi"e b* a rabid animal
!on"ac" #i"h saliva o' rabid
animal
Inhala"ion o' ba" e%cre"a
<espira"or* drople"s
Dransplacen"al
6re'eren"iall* in'ec"s
erythroblasts
<espira"or* drople"s
Direc" con"ac"
Direc" con"ac"+ 'ormi"es
e%ual con"ac"
"ncubation period Ip "o 6 mon"hs / da*s "o 2 #ee.s 12 da*s 1 #. "o 6 m"hs
Clinical features 6rodromal periodC pain and
paraes"esia+ 2I and respir"or*
s*mp"oms+ sense o' impending
dea"h+ h*drophobia
E%ci"a"or* periodC
(vers"imula"ion o' s*mpa"he"ic
response
!oma and dea"hC 6aral*sis o'
cardiac and respira"or* muscles
Erh"hema In'ec"iosum
Ar"hri"is
6apular+ vesicular+ pus"ular rash
2? , J? A mor"ali"*
mall nodules on 'ace+ arm+
"run.+ bu""oc.s
el'=regresses
Complications Dransien" aplas"ic crisis
(hema"alogicall*=
compromised)+ aplas"ic anaemia
(immuno=compromised)+
h*drops 'e"alis (pregnanc* C
conges"ive hear" 'ailure and
er*"hema in 'e"us)
+iagnosis 0egri bodies (c*"oplasm o'
neuronal cells) IF
!orneal impressions+ s.in
biops*
erolog* (onl* in severel* ill
cases or "o evalua"e response "o
vaccine)
!ul"iva"ion in in'an" mice ,
slo#
Serology
6!<
Il"rasound screening
6ercu"aneous umbilical blood
sample
Innocula"ion o' vesicular 'luid
in"o chorioallan"oic membrance
o' chic. embr*os poc8s
E,
6!<
erolog* as con'irma"or* "es"
'H"(
C)E 'li8e HSV(
erologic com'irma"or* "es"
reatment 6roph*la%is (Ac"ive and
passive) HD!& (inac"iva"ed
#hole vaccine)
No .no#n speci'ic "rea"men"
Blood "rans'usion
Fe"al in'ec"ionC proph*la%is
;ifampin
,ethisa&one
&accineC li'e a""enua"ed virus
Virus H"V
Viral family <e"rovirus
($en"ivirus group)
Structure ;ve ss<NA+
Diploid
Envelope
<everse "ranscrip"ase (<NA=dependen"=DNA=pol*merase)
In"egrase
6ro"ease
In"egra"ion o' pro=DNA
2p12? (binding) , an"igenic varia"ion due "o lo# accurac* o' reverse "ranscrip"ase
2p/1 ('usion)
p21
Pol (en5*mes), gag (core an"igen), env (gp16?) E 6 regula"or* genes
ransmission ! Carriage Blood produc"s
e%ual con"ac" "hose #i"h ulcera"ive lesions 'rom DF a" higher ris.
!ongeni"al
Breas"'eeding
In'ec"s 8N6 (!!<J) and D=$*mphoc*"es (!M!</)
Clinical features Acu"e phaseC
In'ec"ious mononucleosis= li.e s*ndrome
$*mphadenopa"h*
8aculopapular rash on 'ace and "run. bu" sparing palms and soles
$eu.openia+ "/ cell coun" normal
&iral se" poin"C viral load cons"an"+ de"ermines progression and prognosis
$a"en" phase N 1? *rs
HI& produc"ion
e4ues"ra"ion #i"h l*mph nodes
AID=rela"ed comple%
6ersis"en" 'ever+ 'a"igue+ #eigh" loss+ l*mphadenopa"h*
6rogression "o AID N 2 *rs
!linical s*mp"oms N 2 *rs
Complications (ppor"unis"ic in'ec"ions (pneumoc*s"is pneumonia)+ neoplasms (Laposi7s sarcoma)
6ife cycle Binding b* gp12?
In"erac"ion #i"h c*"o.ine recep"or
(!M!</C "/ H !!<JC macrophage mu"a"ion con'ers resis"ance)
Fusion media"ed b* gp /1
Incoa"ing
<everse "ranscripase "ranscribes proDNA "ha" is in"egra"ed in"o hos" cell1
Dransla"ion and cleavage o' pol*pro"eins in"o 'unc"ional ones
)athogenesis $i'e=long in'ec"ion DNA in"egra"ed in"o hos" genome
In'ec"s helper " cells suppressing cell media"ed immuni"* (IL2 producion)
Immuni"* media"ed b* c*"o"o%ic D cells (b* tat and nef depression o' 8H!I e%pression)
An"igenic varia"ion (env gene mu"a"ion)
Failure o' c*"o"o%ic D cells resul"s in AID
An"ibodies non=neu"ralising
+iagnosis 6!< (viral <NA) neona"es+ 1? da*s a'"er in'ec"ion (#indo# period)
p2/ an"igen "es"+ -? da*s a'"er in'ec"ion
E$IFA serolog* "es"
!on'irma"or* 3es"ern blo"
reatment reatment guidance
&iral <NA
D/ cell coun"
reatment
HAA<D
2 NN<DI)N<DI ; pro"ease inhibi"ors
An"i p2/ Ab ("cell coun" O 2??)
No"eC side e''ec"s
Virus +engue
Viral family Flavivirus
Structure ;ve ss<NA
Envelope
/ sero"*pes (D*pe II mos" prevalen")
An"igenicall*=rela"ed "o Pello# Fever virus
ransmission ! Carriage Aedes mos4ui"o ar"hropod vec"or
&irus replica"es in si"e o' in'ec"ion+ local l*mphoid "issue+ 8N!s
"ncubation period 2 , 1J da*s
Clinical features !lassic Dengue Fever
Acu"e onse" o' chills+ m*algia and high 'ever
<e"ro=orbi"al pain+ bone pain (brea.bone 'ever)
Ipon recrudescence o' 'ever+ pruri"ic
er*"hema"ous rash appears
$*mphadenopa"h*+ granuloc*"openia+
"hromboc*"openia
el'=limi"ing7
8a* be 2
nd
phase o' 'ever
Dengue hemorrhagic Fever
Begins a" da* 2=J o' !DF

Haemorrhagic mani'es"a"ions C a posi"ive
"ourni4ue" "es"+ pe"echiae+ ecch*mosis+ gum
bleeding+ epis"a%is+ haema"omas+ haema"emesis
and)or maelena+ re"inal haemorrhagesH hema"uria
Dhromboc*"openia (O1??+???)mm
-
)

Dengue hoc. *ndrome

<apid and #ee. pulse+ #i"h narro#ing o' pulse
pressure (O2? mmHg+ regardless o' pressure levels)
or h*po"ension #i"h cold+ clamm* s.in and
res"lessness1
udden and rapid de"eriora"ion o' "he pa"ien"7s
condi"ion1
(n or a'"er "he -rd da* o' illness (usuall* -rd "o 0"h
da*)H the time just after the fever subsides is the
critical period in dengue fever.

6aboratory investigations
$eu.openia
Dhromboc*"openia
Increased haema"ocri"
)athogenesis <eplica"ion a" si"e o' in'ec"ion and local l*mpha"ic "issue
&iraemia
<eplica"ion in mononuclear phagoc*"es (mobile cells)
DH)DC
viral virulence
immune enhancemen" o' non=neu"ralising an"ibodies
e%perienced in primar* in'ec"ions o' in'ac"s O 1 *r or secondar* in'ec"ions o' children
In'ec"ion increases c*"o.ine produc"ion and resul"s in produc"ion o'C
anaph*la"o%ins
complemen" ac"iva"ion
leu.oc*"e "hromboplas"in
+iagnosis Ig 8 E Ig 2 E$IA
H" test
BFalse posi"ive resul"s ma* be ob"ained9
reatment alic*la"es should be avoided