Symbols.

visuals VISUALS
Symbols.visuals. symbols
Visual SymbolsVisual Symbols
Visual
VISUAL SYMBOLS,,, symbols
visual symbols
Visual Symbols Visual Symbols
VISUAL
Symbols
Visual symbols will be made meaningful if we
can use them as summaries of our own direct
experiences or our own rich indirect
experiences. A little can stand for a lot!
are representations of
direct reality, which comes
in the form of signs and
symbols.
Introduction
From an experience of a real world
experience we proceed to a word of
symbols.
Visual symbols include drawings,
cartoon, strip drawings, diagrams,
formulas, charts, graphics, maps,
globes.
Abstraction
Your experience of the words and the
graphs convinces you that a graph is
easier to understand than the words
of a paragraph.
A graph is worth a thousand words.
Drawings
A drawing may not be the real thing
but better to have a concrete visual
aid than nothing. To avoid
confusion, it is good that our drawing
correctly represents the real thing.
One essential skill that the teacher
should posses is drawing.
Drawings and sketches
these are crude and simple lines, which
are effective in showing what needs to
be shown with sufficient clarity, to make
the meaning vivid to the learners or
students.
They are stick drawings with no illusion
of depth but a smart teacher can use
them in a very effective way in
explaining and showing ideas and
concepts

Example:
Sketching
Cartoons
Another useful visual symbol
that can bring novelty to our
teaching is the cartoon. A first
rate cartoon tells its story tells a
story metaphorically. The
perfect cartoon needs no
caption. The less the artist
depends on words, the more
effective the symbolism. The
symbolism conveys the
messages.
Example:
This cartoon is
critical of the
so-called
carpetbaggers,
government
agents and
others from the
North who
often took
advantage of
the South after
the American
Civil War
ended in 1865
Cartoons
Cartoons- tell stories metaphorically
through pictures, which need no
caption. Symbolism conveys
message, less words more
symbolism the better. The
cartoon presents a certain issue
or concern which could be either
for or against it.
It is a pictorial representation or
caricature of a person, idea,
situation or issue that is
designed to influence public
opinion.
They must be presented in a
challenging manner

Suggestions for the use of cartoons
Appropriateness to the experience level- the age
and the experience or maturity of the target learners
must be taken into consideration
Simplicity- contains only the essential features. The
cartoon must not contain so many details.
Brevity of captions if ever but they may not be given
any. Short and direct captions are used when
necessary.
Use of clear symbols. Use symbols that are
conventional, like; the dove to mean peace; the owl to
mean wisdom or education; the coffin to mean death;
the turtle to mean slow or sluggishness and others
Adequateness of size. The cartoon should be big
enough to be seen and appreciated
Sources of cartoons:
You can easily collect cartoons for
instruction. They often appear in
newspapers and magazines. In class,
you can give it to individual students
for individual study or project it by an
opaque projector
Where to use cartoons in instruction?
You can also use this as a
springboard for a lesson board for a
lesson or concluding activity. It
depends on your purpose
Poster
is a combination of
bold designs and
color primarily
intended to catch
attention on a
significant fact,
idea or message.
Simply stated, a
poster is a picture
with appropriate
caption.


Characteristics of a good poster
It must be bold and simple but dramatizes
features
It must be appropriate to the grade level and to the
subjects and purpose or purposes
It must have only limited text, few words are
generally used and key words are made to
standout by means of type size or position.
It must be attractive, pleasing to the eyes.
Design and color must be given consideration.
It must have the elements of dynamism and shock

Strip
Drawings
These are commonly called
comics or comic strip. Dale(1969)
asserts that a more accurate
term is strip drawings. Make use
of strips that are educational and
entertaining at the same time.
Example:
Where to use drawing as an
instruction?
These can serve as a motivation and
starter of your lesson. It can also be
given as an activity for students to
express insights gained at the
conclusion of a lesson.
Sources of drawing
You can obtain strip drawings from
newspapers, magazines and books.
Diagrams
It is any line drawing that shows
arrangement and relations as a part
to the whole, relative values, origins
and developments, chronological
fluctuations, distribution, etc.(Dale,
1969)
Example:
Types of diagrams:
Affinity Diagram used to
cluster complex apparently
unrelated data into natural
and meaningful groups.
Example of Affinity Diagram:
Work
environment
Supportive
Management
Provide Adequate
Equipment
Provide Clean &
Cheerful
Environment
Good Instruction
Provide Training
Rewards and
Recognition
Quick and
Appropriate
Rewards
Give Recognition
where Due
Opportunity for
advancement
Adequate salary
Good Benefits
Organizational
Philosophy
Communicate
organizational Goals
Give Good, clear
Directions
Double Goals
Focus on our
mission
Remove red tape
Job Focus
Interesting work
Provide Challenging
Experiences
Make work
Meaningful
Give Responsibility
Effective
Responsibility
Affinity diagram of Keeping Employees Motivated
Tree diagram- used to chart
out, in increasing details, the
various tasks that must be
accomplished to complete a
project or achieve a specific
objective.
To create a work
environment where
80-90% of
employees are
motivated
Improve work
environment
Revise supervisory
Program
Refurbish all admin.
Teachers Offices
Improve system of
rewards and
Recognition
Improve and ensure
opportunities for
advancement
Improve salary and
benefits
Improve
interpersonal
environment
Fishbone diagram- it is also
called the cause-and-effect
diagram. It is most commonly
used to analyze work-related
problems.
Example of Fishbone Diagram:
Charts
It is diagrammatic representation
of relationships among individuals
within an organization.
We can have a seven types of
chart:
1. Time Chart
Is a tabular time chart that
presents data in ordinal
sequence.
Example of Time Chart:
2. Tree Or Stream Chart
Depicts development, growth and
change by beginning with a single
course (the trunk) which spread out
into many branches; or by beginning
with the many tributaries which then
converge into a single channel.
Example of Tree Or Stream Chart:
3. Flow Chart
Is a visual way of charting or
showing a process from
beginning to end. It is a means of
analyzing a process.
Example of Flow Chart:
START
4. Organizational chart
Shows how one part of the
organization relates to other parts
of the organization.

Example of Organizational Chart:
5. Comparison or Contrast Chart
Used to show similarities and
differences between two things.
Example of Contrast Chart
Attributte 1 Name 1 Name 2
Attribute 2
Attribute 3
6. Pareto chart
Is a type of bar chart, prioritized
in descending order of magnitude
or importance from left to right. It
shows at a glance which factors
are occurring most.
Example of Pareto chart
Gannt chart
Is an activity time chart
Example of Gannt chart
Graphs
A graphic (such as
a chart or diagram) depicting the
relationship between two or more
variables used, for instance, in
visualizing scientific data.
Graphs are diagrams (pictures)
that can be used to
display/compare collected data.
They communicate "visually
There are several types of graph:


1. Circle or Pie Graph
- recommended for showing parts
of the whole
Example of Pie Graph
food
shelter
water
2. Bar Graph
-use in comparing the magnitude
of similar items at different ties or
seeing relative sizes of the parts
of a whole.
Example of Bar Graph
Enrolment of CTE from 2000-2010
3. Pictorial Graph
- makes use of pictorial
symbol.
Example of Pictorial Graph :
4. Line Graph
- A line chart or line graph is a
type of graph, which displays
information as a series of data
points connected by
straight line segments
Example of Line Graph
5. Graphic Organizers
- Visual representations of
knowledge, concepts, thoughts,
or ideas. Graphic Organizers
historically have been organized
bits of data in easy-to-understand
formats, such as charts, tables,
and graphs.
Example of Graphic Organizers
Maps
A map is a representation of
the surface of the earth or
some parrt of it.
Kinds of Map
Physical Map
-combines in a single projection
data like altitude, temperature,
rainfall, presipitation, vegetation,
and soil
Example of Physical Map

Relief Map
- has three dimensional
representations and show
contours the physical data of the
earth or part of the earth
Example of Relief Map
Commercial or Economic Map
-also called product or industrial
map since they show land areas
in relation to the economy.
Example of Economic Map
Regions of the United States
Geographers divide the United States into a number of regions
that share common features. These regions are defined by
similar natural features, such as terrain and climate, or by
cultural factors, including shared economic or historical
influences.
Political Map
-gives detailed information about
country, provinces, cities and
towns, roads and highways.
Oceans, rivers and lakes are the
main features of most political
maps.
Example of Political Map

Scale
- shows how much is the actual
earths surface is represented by
a given measurement of a map.
Map Language
Example Of Scale
The scale of a map defines the relationship between
distance on the map and the corresponding distance on
the earth
Symbols- usually a map has a
legend that explains what each
symbol means
Color
Geographic Grids-
The grid lines are called
meridian and parallel.
Examle of Geographic Grids-
Understanding Maps, Graphs, and
Charts

Read the titles and the subtitles
Read the key, and/or the legend
Read the information shown along
the side and the bottom of the
graphs and charts and tables, if
any.
Determine your purpose of reading
the map
Summing Up
Like a picture, a graph and all other visual
symbols, are worth a thousand words. The
proper use of the visual symbols will
contribute to the optimum learning.
Visual symbol come in many forms. For
these visual symbols to be at your finger
tips, you ought to be skilled in making
them.
The collection, preparation and use of
these various visual symbols depend on
the great extent on your own
resourcefulness and creativity. If you used
them skillfully, your classroom may turn
into a beehive of busy students.

Postscript A Lot of Visual
Symbols at Your Disposal
You may not realize it. But with visual
symbols alone, you have an array of
teaching materials to choose from. If
you decide and commit yourself to
using one visual symbol for very
lesson, you will keep your teaching
crispy and fresh. You must learn how
to draw, sketch make diagrams,
graphs and charts. The computer can
now do the graphs, the charts and
some diagrams.
Thank you!!!!!