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Case A
Test Patients value Normal values Units
K 4.08 3.5 - 5 mmol/l
Na 137.5 136 - 146 mmol/l
Cl 94 102 - 109 mmol/l
pHa 7.209 7.35 7.45
Pa CO 75 40 mmHg
PaO 52.8 80 - 100 mmHg
HCO 29.3 22 - 26 mmol/l
AG (anion gap) 18.28 16 4 mEq/l

Expected pH:
- expected pH (pH ateptat) in acute = 7.12
- expected pH (pH ateptat) in chronic = 7.295
Expected correction (valoarea ateptat a coreciei) = expected HCO:
- expected bicarbonate in acute = 27.5 mmol/l
- expected bicarbonate in chronic = 38 mmol/l

Case B
Test Patients value Normal values Units
K 2.9 3.5 - 5 mmol/l
Na 134 136 - 146 mmol/l
Cl 108 102 - 109 mmol/l
pHa 7.31 7.35 7.45
Pa CO 33 40 mmHg
PaO 93 80 - 100 mmHg
HCO 16 22 - 26 mmol/l
AG (anion gap) 12.9 16 4 mEq/l

Expected correction = expected PaCO = 30 mmHg
ratio = 0.375

Case C
Test Patients value Normal values Units
K 3.4 3.5 - 5 mmol/l
Na 140 136 - 146 mmol/l
Cl 77 102 - 109 mmol/l
pHa 7.23 7.35 7.45
Pa CO 22 40 mmHg
HCO 9 22 - 26 mmol/l
AG (anion gap) 57.4 16 4 mEq/l

Expected correction = expected PaCO = 21.25 mmHg
ratio = 2.76
Corrected bicarbonate (bicarbonat corectat) = actual bicarbonate + AG = 50.4 mmol/l

Case D
Test Patients value Normal values Units
K 4.7 3.5 - 5 mmol/l
Na 148 136 - 146 mmol/l
Cl 123 102 - 109 mmol/l

2
pHa 7.22 7.35 7.45
Pa CO 39 40 mmHg
HCO 16 22 - 26 mmol/l
AG (anion gap) 13.7 16 4 mEq/l
Creatinine 3 0.6 1.2 mg/dl
BUN 158 6 - 20 mg/dl

Expected correction = expected PaCO = 30 mmHg

Case E
Test Patients value Normal values Units
K 6.7 3.5 - 5 mmol/l
Na 140 136 - 146 mmol/l
Cl 100 102 - 109 mmol/l
pHa 7.21 7.35 7.45
Pa CO 46 40 mmHg
PaO 68 80 - 100 mmHg
HCO 21 22 - 26 mmol/l
AG (anion gap) 25.7 16 4 mEq/l
Creatinine 1.9 0.6 1.2 mg/dl
BUN 48 6 - 20 mg/dl
Glucose 294 70 - 110 mg/dl
Serum albumin 3.9 3.5 - 5 g/dl
Lactate 4.2 0.5 - 2.2 mmol/l

ratio = 3.23

Case F
Test Patients value Normal values Units
K 2.1 3.5 - 5 mmol/l
pHa 7.64 7.35 7.45
Pa CO 32 40 mmHg
PaO 75 80 - 100 mmHg
HCO 33 22 - 26 mmol/l

Expected pH:
- in acute = 7.464
- in chronic = 7.424

Case G
Test Patients value Normal values Units
Creatinine 0.8 0.6 1.2 mg/dl
BUN 18 6 - 20 mg/dl
Glucose 115 70 - 110 mg/dl
Serum albumin 2.8 3.5 - 5 g/dl
Total cholesterol 375 120 - 200 mg/dl
Triglycerides 350 45 - 150 mg/dl

Urine
Patients value Normal values
Glucose - -
Proteins ++++ -

3
FE Na < 1% <1%
Microscopy Rare RBCs (rare hematii), no WBCs (fr leucocite), fatty casts (cilidri grsoi)

Case H
Test Patients value Normal values Units
Urea 14 10 - 48 mg/dl
Glucose 90 70 - 110 mg/dl
Serum albumin 4.5 3.5 - 5 g/dl
Na 143 136 - 146 mmol/l

Urine
Test Patients value Normal values Units
Volume/24 h 4,000 600 2,500 ml
Osmolality 200 300 900 mOsm/ Kg HO
FE Na < 1% < 1%

Case I
Test Patients value Normal values Units
Urea 210 10 - 48 mg/dl
Glucose 122 70 - 110 mg/dl
Na 148 136 - 146 mmol/l

Urine
Test Patients value Normal values Units
Volume/24 h 6,000 600 2,500 ml
Osmolality 500 300 900 mOsm/ Kg HO
Urea 120 g/24h ~30 g/24h
FE Na < 1% < 1%

Case J
Test Patients value Normal values Units
Urea 11 10 - 48 mg/dl
Glucose 72 70 - 110 mg/dl
Na 127 136 - 146 mmol/l
K 2.6 3.5 - 5 mmol/l
Cl 90 102 - 109 mmol/l
pHa 7.3 7.35 7.45
Pa CO 31.25 40 mmHg
HCO 15 22 - 26 mmol/l
AG (anion gap) 24.6 16 4 mEq/l

Expected PaCO = 28.75 mmHg
ratio = 0.95
Corrected bicarbonate (bicarbonat corectat) = actual bicarbonate + AG = mmol/l = 23.6

Urine
Test Patients value Normal values
Osmolality 402 mOsm/Kg HO 300 900 mOsm/Kg HO
FE Na < 1% < 1%


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Case L
Test Patients value Normal values Units
Urea 10 - 48 mg/dl
Creatinine 0.8 0.6 1.2 mg/dl
Na 140 136 - 146 mmol/l
K 2.7 3.5 - 5 mmol/l
Cl 97 102 - 109 mmol/l
pHa 7.47 7.35 7.45
Pa CO 52.23 40 mmHg
HCO 37 22 - 26 mmol/l
AG (anion gap) 8.7 16 4 mEq/l

Expected PaCO = 49.75 mmHg

Urine
Test Patients value Normal values Onits
Osmolality 900 300 900 mOsm/Kg HO
Na 120 120 - 190 mmol/l
K 86 40 - 50 mmol/l
Cl <10 120 - 190 mmol/l