Torsion Equation:

T G.
--- = --- = ------
J r l

Where,

T = Torque applied, Nm
J = Polar Moment of Inertia, Nmm
2





D Outer Dia, d Inner Dia
= Shear Stress, N/mm
2

r = Radius at which torque is applied, mm
G = Modulus of Rigidity, N/mm
2

= Angle of twist, rad
L = length across which Torque is acting upon
Bending Equation:

M E
--- = ---- = -----
I Y R

Where,

M = Bending Moment, Nm
I = Mass Moment of Inertia, Nmm
2

Stress, N/mm
2

Y = Distance from neutral fiber axis to point of application of force, mm
E = Modulus of Elasticity, N/mm
2

R = Radius of the shaft, mm