3 DIMENSIONAL PRINTING

TECHNOLOGY

Guide
Mr.Rashid M.E

Done by
Akhil.P.T
E7B
Roll.No 6
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CONTENTS
Introduction
History
Workflow
Methods
Applications
Conclusion
References
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Introduction
Printing is a process of reproducing text and
images ,typically with ink on paper using a
print press.
2 Dimensional printing is a subtractive
process.
But 3 Dimensional printing is a process of
additive manufacturing.

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3D Printers are machines that produce
physical 3D models from digital data.
Its a rapidly growing technology and used in a
variety of industries including jewelry,
industrial design, engineering and
construction, automotive, aerospace, dental
and medical industries, education and
consumer products.

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History
The technology for printing physical 3D objects
from digital data was first developed by Charles
Hull in 1984. . He named the technique as Stereo
lithography and obtained a patent for the
technique in 1986.
While Stereo lithography systems had become
popular by the end of 1980s, other similar
technologies such as Fused Deposition Modeling
(FDM) and Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) were
introduced.

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In 1993, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology (MIT) patented another
technology, named "3 Dimensional Printing
techniques", which is similar to the inkjet
technology used in 2D Printers.
In 1996, three major products, "Genisys" from
Stratasys, "Actua 2100" from 3D Systems and
"Z402" from Z Corporation were introduced.
In 2005, Z Corp. launched a breakthrough
product, named Spectrum Z510, which was
the first high definition color 3D Printer in the
market.

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The 2010s were the first decade in which
metal parts such as engine brackets and large
nuts

would be grown (either before or instead
of machining) in production rather
than obligately being machined from bar
stock or plate.
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WORKFLOW
Pre Process
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PREPROCESS
Physical models of objects are either designed
with a CAD program or scanned with a 3D
Scanner.
Most 3D printers require a special file
(typically .stl format) to print.
Additionally, we need to modify the design to
make up for limitations of the printer and
build material
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PROCESS(3D PRINTING)
Either of these 4 methods are chosen
1) Stereo lithography
2) Fused deposition modeling
3) Selective laser sintering (SLS)
4) Multi-jet modeling (MJM)
The 3D printer runs automatically, depositing
materials at layers ~.003 thick
The average cost for printing a full colour
prototype is somewhere between 50 - 100 $.


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Post process
Powder Removal
The sculpture with most of the support dust
removed and it is then dipped in special glue that
makes them stronger and more colorful
Heating
The models are heated to set the glue.
Finishing Touches:
The output of all existing 3D printers is rough. The
textures vary from pronounced wood grain to
merely sandy, With a little elbow grease you
can get stunning results.

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METHODS
STEREOLITHOGRAPHY
Apparatus consists of four main parts: a tank that
can be filled with liquid plastic (photopolymer), a
perforated platform that is lowered into the tank, an
ultraviolet (UV) laser and a computer controlling the
platform and the laser.
A UV laser beam then traces the first slice of an
object on the surface of this liquid, causing a very
thin layer of photopolymer to harden.

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Once the initial layer of the object has hardened, the
platform is lowered, exposing a new surface layer of
liquid polymer. The laser again traces a cross section of
the object being printed, which instantly bonds to the
hardened section beneath it.

This process is repeated further resulting entire layer to
be build from bottom up.
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FUSED DEPOSITION MODELLING
Fused deposition modeling (FDM) was developed
by S.Scott Crump in the late 1980s and was
commercialized in 1990 by Stratasys.
Sliced CAD data is passed into a machine which
constructs the part layer by layer upon a build
platform.
Thin thread like spools of thermoplasics and
support materials are used for making the cross
sections
Uncoiled material is slowly extrude through dual
heated nozzles.

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The extrusion nozzle precisely lay down the
support material and thermoplastic materials
upon the preceding layers.
The extrusion nozzle continues to move in the
horizontal plane while the build platform
moves down creating the part layer by layer
Finished part is removed from the platform
and cleaned of its support material.
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SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
The SLS process was developed and patented
in the 1980s by Carl Deckard and Joe Beaman.
Powdered Nylon 11 ,Nylon 12 etc are the raw
materials used.
After a leveling roller spreads a thin layer of
powdered material across the powder bed ,a
CO 2 LASER traces the cross section on the
material.
As the LASER scans the surface material is
heated and fused together.

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Once a single layer is complete the powder
bed is lowered to make room for the next
layer.
More material is introduced from the powder
cartridge and rolled out smooth, while unused
material is recycled.
The process is repeated building layer upon
layer until the part is complete.
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MULTI-JET MODELING
MJP print head prints layers of UV curable liquid
plastic onto a flat platform which contains a binder
solution that glues only the required granules
together.
Wax supported material is also jetted to fill voids .
UV lamps flashes to solidify material creating a fully
cured plastic part.
Melt away support wax allows for easy,handsfree
finishing.
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APPLICATIONS
Food industry
Medical science and research
Consumers
Manufacturing

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CONCLUSION
Nothing communicates ideas faster than a three-
dimensional part or model. With a 3D printer
you can bring CAD files and design ideas to life
right from your desktop.
In an age in which the news, books, music, video
and even our communities are all the subjects of
digital dematerialization, the development and
application of 3D printing reminds us that human
beings have both a physical and a psychological
need to keep at least one foot in the real world.
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3D printing has a bright future, not least in
rapid prototyping (where its impact is already
highly significant), but also in medicine the
arts, and outer space. Desktop 3D printers for
the home are already a reality
As devices that will provide a solid bridge
between cyberspace and the physical world,
and as an important manifestation of
the Second Digital Revolution, 3D printing is
therefore likely to play some part in all of our
futures.

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REFERRENCES
Qian Haili,Mechanism research of 3D printing based
on virtual running.,Control Conference(CCC),2012 31
st

Chinese.
Wright, Paul K. (2001). 21st Century manufacturing.
New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc.
Lipson, Hod, Francis C. Moon, Jimmy Hai, and Carlo
Paventi. (2007) "3D-Printing the History of
Mechanisms." Journal of Science.


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THANKS
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