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khFf!
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,Uf;fpwhHfs;.
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nra;fpwhHfs;.
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epiyapy; ryhk; nfhLg;gjw;F Kd;Ng mijr; nra;JtpLfpwhHfs;>
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apy; ryhk; nfhLj;j gpwF nra;fpwhHfs;.
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njhOifia epiwNtw;WfpwhHfs;. NkYk; \uPmj;jpd; eilKiwg;gb njhOtpg;gjw;F ,khk;fs;
jhd; nghWg;ghdtHfs; MtH.
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vd ehd; tpUk;gpNdd;. ek;gpf;ifahsHfshd ey;ybahHfSf;F mjd; %yk; my;yh`; ew;gad;
mspg;gij vjpHghHj;jtdhf ,e;jg; gzpiar; nra;fpNwd;. caHTkpf;f my;yh`;tplk; cjtp
NjbatdhfTk; rupahd fUj;Jfis vOJtjw;F ey;yUs; Gupe;jpl Ntz;Lnkd mtdplk;
gpuhHj;jid nra;jtdhfTk; ,e;j E}iy ehd; vOJfpNwd;.
kwjpf;fhd R[_J vd;gJ> njhOifahsp jdJ njhOifapy; Vw;gl;l jtiw eptHj;jp
nra;tjw;fhfr; nra;Ak; ,uz;L r[;jhfs; MFk;.
kwjp R[_jpd; fhuzq;fs;
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Kjy; fhuzk;: mjpfg;gLj;jy;
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jdJ njhOifapy; mjpfg;gLj;jpdhy; mtuJ njhOif ghohfptpLk;.
Mdhy; kwjpahf mt;thW nra;jhy; njhOif epiwNtwp tpLk;. kwjpf;fhd R[_ijj; jtpu
NtW vJTk; mtH nra;a Ntz;bajpy;iy.
,t;thW mjpfg;gLj;jpaJ gw;wp - mg;gbr; nra;Ak; NghNj epidT te;J tpl;lhy; mij tpl;L
tpLtJ mtH kPJ flik MFk;. kwjpf;fhd R[_J nra;a Ntz;Lk;. mtuJ njhOif rupahf
epiwNtwp tpLk;.
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mjpfkhfp tpl;lJ vd;gJ mj;j`pa;ahj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;NghJjhd; epidTf;F tUfpwJ vd;why;>
mj;j`pa;ahj;ij KOikahf XJthH.> ryhk; nfhLg;ghH.> gpwF kwjpf;fhd ,uz;L r[;jh
nra;thH.
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r[;jh nra;thH.> ryhk; nfhLg;ghH. ,jw;F Mjhuk;:
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vd;W Nfl;fg;gl;lJ. egp (]y;) mtHfs;> vd;d tp\ak;? vd;W tpdtpdhHfs;. kf;fs;> Ie;J
uf;mj;jhf njhOtpj;jPHfNs vd;W nrhd;dhHfs;. clNd egp (]y;) mtHfs; ryhk; nfhLj;j
gpwF ,uz;L r[;jh nra;jhHfs;.
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Kd;Ndhf;fp ,uz;L r[;jh nra;jhHfs;. gpwF ryhk; nfhLj;jhHfs; - ,jid [khmj; - xU
FOtpdH 2 mwptpj;Js;sdH.

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ngw;Ws;sJ. NtW ,lq;fspYk; te;Js;sJ. ,khk; K];ypk;> gs;spthry;fs; vDk; gFjpapy; njhOifapy; kwjp vDk;
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vDk; ghlj;jpy; mwptpj;Js;shHfs;. (vz; 2019 - 1020) ,khk; jpHkpjp> ryhk; kw;Wk; Ngr;Rf;Fg; gpwF kwjpf;fhd
,uz;L r[;jh vDk; ghlj;jpy; mwptpj;Js;shHfs;. (vz; 392) ,khk; e]h<> kwjp vDk; gFjpapy; Kide;J NjLjy;
ghlj;jpy; mwptpj;Js;shHfs;. (vz; 3 - 33 kw;Wk; 1242 kw;Wk; 1243) ,khk; ,g;D kh[h> njhOifia epiy ehl;Ljy;
vDk; gFjpapy;> njhOifapy; kwjpf;Fs;shdtH vDk; ghlj;jpy; (vz; 1211) mwptpj;Js;shHfs;.
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nfhLg;gJ njhOifapy; mjpfg;gLj;jy; MFk;.3 njhOifahsp> njhOif KOik ngWtjw;F
Kd;djhf Ntz;L nkd;Nw ryhk; nfhLj;jhy; mtuJ njhOif ghohfp tpLk;.
kwe;J mt;thW nra;jhy; - gpwF ntF Neuj;jpw;Fg; gpwFjhd; mJ gw;wp epidT te;jJ
vd;why; me;jj; njhOifiag; Gjpjhf kPz;Lk; njho Ntz;Lk;.
rpwpJ Neuj;jpNyNa - ,uz;L %d;W epkplj;jpNyNa epidf;F te;J tpl;lhy;> mg;gbNa
njhOifia epiwT nra;a Ntz;Lk;.> kwjpf;fhd ,uz;L r[;jh nra;a Ntz;Lk;.> gpwF ryhk;
nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
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jpNyNa ryhk; nfhLj;jhHfs;. mtruf;fhuHfs; k];[pjpd; thry;fs; topahf ntspNawp -
njhOif Fiwf;fg;gl;L tpl;lJ vd;W Ngrpf;nfhz;lhHfs;. egp(]y;) mtHfs; gs;spthrypy;
(ehl;lg;gl;bUe;j) xU kuf;fl;ilapd; mUNf nrd;W mjd; kPJ rha;e;J mkHe;jhHfs;. Nfhgk;
nfhz;ltHfs; Nghy; ,Ue;jhHfs;.
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glTkpy;iy vd;whHfs;. mjw;F me;j kdpjH> ,y;iy> ePq;fs; kwe;jpUf;fpwPHfs; vd;whH.
egpatHfs;> NjhoHfsplk; Nfl;lhHfs;: ,tH nrhy;tJ rupah? mjw;Fj; NjhoHfs;> Mk; vd;
whHfs;. clNd egpatHfs; Kd;Nd te;J kPjpj; njhOifia epiwNtw;wpdhHfs;. gpwF ryhk;
nfhLj;jhHfs;. gpwF ,uz;L r[;jh nra;jhHfs;. gpwF ryhk; nfhLj;jhHfs; (E}y;: Gfhup>
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njhOifapy; FiwghL cs;sJ vd;gJ ,khKf;F epidT te;jhy;> clNd vOe;J mjid
mtH epiwTgLj;JthH. (,khk; ryhk; nfhLj;jJk;) jkf;F tpLgl;lij vOe;J njhof; $ba
tHfs; tpUk;gpdhy; kPjpia epiwNtw;Wtjpy; njhlHe;J <LgLthHfs;.> NkYk; kwjpf;fhd R[_J
nra;thHfs;. my;yJ (kPjpia epiwNtw;Wtij tpl;Ltpl;L) ,khKld; NrHe;J nfhs;thHfs;.
,khk; ryhk; nfhLj;jJk; jq;fsJ kPjpj; njhOifiaj; njhOthHfs;. ryhk; nfhLj;j gpwF
kwjpf;fhd r[;jh nra;thHfs;. - ,g;gbr; nra;tJjhd; rpwe;jJ.> kpfTk; NgZjyhdJ.
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njhOifapy; kwjp vDk; ghlj;jpy; mwptpj;Js;shHfs;. (vz; 97 - 573)
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Fiwj;jhy;> mjhtJ> my;yh`{ mf;gH vd;W jf;gPH fl;Ltijf; Fiwj;jhy; mtuJ njhOif
nry;YgbahfhJ.> mij Ntz;Lnkd;Nw tpl;lhYk; rup kwjpahf tpl;lhYk; rupNa! Vnddpy;
mtuJ njhOif njhlq;fg; ngwNt ,y;iy!
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mij Ntz;Lnkd;W tpl;bUe;jhy; mtuJ njhOif tPzhfp tpLk;. kwjpahf tpl;bUe;jhy; -
,uz;lhtJ uf;mj;jpy; me;j ,lj;jpw;F mtH te;jJk; Ke;ija uf;mj; tPzhfp tpLk;.
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kwjpahf tpl;bUe;J> ,uz;lhtJ uf;mj;jpy; me;j ,lj;jpw;F mtH ,d;Dk; tutpy;iy
vd;wpUe;jhy; tpLgl;l me;j Uf;dpd; gf;fk; mtH jpUk;gpr; nry;tJ mtH kPJ flikahFk;.
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fspYk; - ryhk; nfhLj;j gpwF kwjpf;fhd ,uz;L r[;jh nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L: xUtH Kjy; uf;mj;jpy; ,uz;lhtJ r[;jhit kwe;J tpl;lhH. gpwF ,uz;
lhtJ uf;mj;jpy; xU r[;jh nra;J tpl;L mkHe;jpUf;Fk; NghJjhd; mtUf;F epidT te;jJ
vd;why; mjid xU uf;mj; vd;Nw mtH fzpj;jpl Ntz;Lk;. mjhtJ Ke;ija uf;mj; tPzhfp
tpLk;. mjd; ,lj;ij ,uz;lhtJ uf;mj; gpbj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;. Mf xU uf;mj; njhOjpUg;
gjhff; fUjpf;nfhz;L njhlHe;J njhOifia epiwT nra;thH.> ryhk; nfhLg;ghH.> gpwF
kwjpf;fhd ,uz;L r[;jh nra;thH.> ryhk; nfhLg;ghH.
,d;NdhH vLj;Jf;fhl;L: xUtH ,uz;lhtJ r[;jhitAk; mjw;F Kd; mkHtijAk; kwe;J
tpl;lhH. (mjhtJ xU r[;jh nra;jNjhL vOe;J tpl;lhH) gpwF ,uz;lhtJ uf;mj;jpy; U$T
tpy; ,Ue;J epkpHe;j gpwFjhd; mJ gw;wp epidT te;jJ vd;why;> mtH jpUk;g cl;fhHe;J
(tpLgl;l) r[;jhitr; nra;thH.> gpwF jdJ njhOifia epiwT nra;thH.>ryhk; nfhLg;ghH.>
gpwF kwjpf;fhd r[;jh nra;thH.> gpwF ryhk; nfhLg;ghH.
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njhOifapy; ,uz;lhk; juf; flikfspy; xd;iw Ntz;Lnkd;Nw mtH tpl;Ltpl;lhy; mtuJ
njhOif tPzhfptpLk;.
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jhy; mijr; nra;thH. mtH kPJ vJTkpy;iy!
me;j ,lj;ij tpl;Lk; fle;Jnrd;w gpwF - Mdhy; mLj;Js;s Uf;id (Kjy; juf; flik
iar;) nra;tjw;F Kd;djhf mJ gw;wpa epidT te;jhy;> tpLgl;ljd; gf;fk; jpUk;gp mijr;
nra;thH. gpwF jdJ njhOifia epiwT nra;thH. ryhk; nfhLg;ghH. gpwF kwjpf;fhd
,uz;L r[;jh nra;thH. gpwF ryhk; nfhLg;ghH.
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tpLgl;ljhfNt MfptpLk;. vdNt mjd; gf;fk; jpUk;gpr; nry;y khl;lhH. njhlHe;J njhOif
apy; <LgLthH. ryhk; nfhLg;gjw;F Kd; kwjpf;fhd r[;jh nra;thH.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L: xUtH ,uz;lhtJ uf;mj;jpy; ,uz;lhtJ R[_jpypUe;J %d;whtJ uf;mj;
jpw;fhf vOtjw;Fj; jiyia caHj;jpdhH vd;why;> mjhtJ mj;j`pa;ahj; Xj kwe;J tpl;lhH
vd;why;> (,q;F ghHf;f Ntz;Lk;:) NkNy vOtjw;F Kd;Ng epidT te;J tpl;lJ vdpy;> fPNo
mkHe;J mj;j`pa;ahj; XJthH.gpwF jdJ njhOifia KOikg;gLj;JthH.ryhk; nfhLg;ghH.>
gpwF kwjpf;fhd r[;jh nra;thH.> ryhk; nfhLg;ghH.
vOtjw;F Kide;J>Mdhy; KOikahf vOe;J epw;gjw;F Kd;Ng epidT te;jJ vd;why;>
jpUk;gp fPNo cl;fhHe;J mj;j`pa;ahj; XJthH. gpwF njhOifia KOikahf;FthH.> ryhk;
nfhLg;ghH.> gpwF kwjpf;fhd r[;jh nra;thH.> ryhk; nfhLg;ghH.
KOikahf vOe;J epd;wjw;Fg; gpwFjhd; epidT te;jJ vd;why; me;j mj;j`pa;ahj;ij
XJk; nghWg;G mtiu tpl;Lk; ePq;fptpLk;. vdNt cl;fhHe;J mij Xj Ntz;bajpy;iy. mg;g
bNa jdJ njhOifapy; njhlHthH.>ryhk; nfhLg;gjw;F Kd; kwjpf;fhd r[;jh nra;thH.
,jw;F Mjhuk;: mg;Jy;yh`; gpd; Gi`dh (uyp) mtHfsplk; ,Ue;J ,khk; GfhupAk; kw;wtH
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vOe;J tpl;lhHfs;.> (Kjy;) mj;j`pa;ahj; XJtjw;fhf mkutpy;iy. egpatHfSld; NrHe;J
kf;fSk; vOe;J tpl;lhHfs;. njhOifia KOikg;gLj;jpaJk; egp (]y;) mtHfs; ryhk;
nfhLg;gij kf;fs; vjpHghHj;jhHfs;. mkHe;jthNw egp (]y;) mtHfs; jf;gPH nrhd;dhHfs;.
ryhk; nfhLg;gjw;F Kd; kwjpf;fhd ,uz;L r[;jh nra;jhHfs;. gpwF ryhk; nfhLj;jhHfs;
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jhFk;.
topghLfspy; %d;W epiyfspy; Iaj;jpw;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;fg;gl khl;lhJ.
(1) mJ> ajhHj;jky;yhj - ntWk; a+fkhf ,Ue;jhy; - ntWk; Crhl;lq;fisg; Nghd;W
,Ue;jhy; mijg; nghUl;gLj;j Ntz;bajpy;iy
(2) xUkdpjDf;F mjpf mstpy; re;Njfk; tUtJ tof;fk;. vt;thnwdpy; ve;j topghl;by;
mtd; <Lgl;lhYk; mjpy; mtDf;F re;Njfk; tuhky; ,Uf;fhJ. ,e;jr; re;Njfj;ijg; nghUl;
gLj;j Ntz;bajpy;iy.
(3) njhOifia epiwNtw;wp Kbj;j gpwF re;Njfk; tUtJ.(,ijAk; nghUl;gLj;j Ntz;ba
jpy;iy)
Mf>ve;j tp\akhdhYk; cWjp Vw;glhj tiuapy; Iaj;ijg; nghUl;gLj;j Ntz;bajpy;iy.
ahuhdhYk; cWjpapd; Njl;lj;jpd;gbNa nray;gl Ntz;Lk;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf> xUkdpjH S`H njhOif njhOjhH. njhOJ Kbj;jJk; %d;W uf;mj;
njhONjhkh? ehd;F uf;mj; njhONjhkh vd;W re;Njfk; milfpwhH vd;why;> ,e;jr; re;Nj
fj;ijg; nghUl;gLj;j Ntz;bajpy;iy. %d;W uf;mj;jhd; njhONjhk; vd;W cWjp Vw;lhNy
jtpu! mg;gb cWjp Vw;gl;lhy; - rpwpJ Neuk;jhd; fope;Js;sJ vd;wpUe;jhy; jdJ njhOifia
KOikg;gLj;JthH. gpwF ryhk; nfhLg;ghH. gpwF kwjpf;fhd r[;jh nra;thH.
ntFNeuk; fope;j gpwFjhd; epidT te;jJ vd;why; njhOifiag; Gjpjhfj; njhOthH.
,e;j %d;W ,lq;fsy;yhj NtW tifapyhd Iak; vd;why; mJ ftdpf;fg;glNtz;baNj
MFk;.
njhOifapy; re;Njfk; vd;gJ> ,uz;L epiyfspy; xd;whfj;jhd; ,Uf;Fk;.
Kjy; epiy: njhOifahspaplk; (mJth ,Jth vd;fpw) ,uz;L tp\aq;fspy; VNjDk;
xd;W kpifj;J epw;Fk;.mg;gb vJ kpifj;jjhf cs;sNjh mijf;nfhz;L mtH nray;gLthH.>
mjd; Ngupy; njhOifia epiwT nra;thH.> ryhk; nfhLg;ghH. gpwF kwjpf;fhd r[;jh nra;
thH.> ryhk; nfhLg;ghH.
vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf> xU kdpjH S`H njhOjhH. mJ ,uz;lhtJ uf;mj;jh %d;whtJ
uf;mj;jh vd;W re;Njfk; Vw;gl;lJ. MdhYk; mJ %d;whtJ uf;mj; vd;gNj kpifahd vz;z

5
,khk; Gfhup> ghq;F vDk; gFjpapy;> mj;j`pa;ahj; XJtij flik vdf; fUjhjtH vDk; ghlj;jpy; ,jid
mwptpj;Js;shHfs;. (vz; 829) kw;Wk; kwjp vDk; ghlj;jpYk; mwptpj;Js;shHfs; (vz;; 1224- 1225) NtW ,lq;fspYk;
mwptpj;Js; shHfs;. ,khk; K];ypk;> gs;spthry;fs; vDk; gFjpapy;> njhOifapy; kwjp vDk; ghlj;jpy; mwptpj;Js;
shHfs;. (vz; 85 - 570)
khf ,Ue;jhy;> mjid %d;whtJ uf;mj; vd;Nw fzpg;ghH. mjd; gpwF xU uf;mj; njhOthH.
ryhk; nfhLg;ghH. gpwF kwjpf;fhd r[;jh nra;thH.
,jw;F Mjhuk;: ]`P`{y; GfhupapYk; ]`P`; K];ypkpYk; gpw E}y;fspYk; gjpthfpAs;s
,e;j egpnkhop MFk;.
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mg;Jy;yh`; gpd; k];Cj; (uyp) mtHfs; mwptpf;fpwhHfs;: egp (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;:
cq;fspy; xUtUf;Fj; njhOifapy; re;Njfk; te;jhy;> vJ rupahdJ vd;gij mwpe;jpl Kaw;rp
nra;al;Lk;. mt;thW mwpe;J mjd;gb jdJ njhOifia epiwT nra;al;Lk;. gpwF ryhk;
nfhLf;fl;Lk;. gpwF kwjpf;fhd ,uz;L r[;jh nra;al;Lk;. ,J Gfhupapd; thrfkhFk;. 6
,uz;lhtJ epiy: ,uz;L tp\aq;fspy; vJTk; mtuplj;jpy; kpifahd vz;zj;ijg; ngw
tpy;iy vd;why;> cWjpahf cs;s Fiwe;j vz;zpf;ifiaf; nfhz;L nray;gLthH. mjd;gb
jdJ njhOifia epiwT nra;thH.> ryhk; nfhLg;gjw;F Kd;G kwjpf;fhd r[;jh nra;thH.>
gpwF ryhk; nfhLg;ghH.
vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf> xU kdpjH m]H njhOif njhOfpwhH.> mJ ,uz;lhtJ uf;mj;jh my;
yJ %d;whtJ uf;mj;jh vd;W re;Njfk; nfhs;fpwhH.> ,uz;lhtJ uf;mj;jhd; vd;Nwh
%d;whtJ uf;mj;jhd; vd;Nwh kpifahd vz;zk; vJTk; tutpy;iy vd;why;> mij ,uz;lh
tJ uf;mj; vd;Nw fUJthH. Kjy; mj;j`pa;ahj; XJthH. mjd; gpwF ,uz;L uf;mj; njhO
thH.> kwjpf;fhd r[;jh nra;thH.> ryhk; nfhLg;ghH.
,jw;F Mjhuk;: mg+ ]aPJy; Fj;up (uyp) mtHfsplk; ,Ue;J ,khk; K];ypk; mwptpj;Js;s
,e;j mwptpg;ghFk;.
z
; ( {J (J 2/ 6 3(F* / Z* = |I8
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%0 /{* 9a0 3* \0 * ( (K]( /V ~} (F* q 3 (*
egp(]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;: cq;fspy; xUtUf;Fj; njhOifapy; re;Njfk; te;jhy;>
njhOjJ %d;W uf;mj;jh my;yJ ehd;F uf;mj;jh vd;W mwpatpy;iy vd;why;> re;Njfj;ijg;
Gwf;fzpj;J tpl;L cWjpapd; mbg;gilapy; mij mikj;Jf; nfhs;sl;Lk;. gpwF ryhk; nfhLg;
gjw;F Kd;G kwjpf;fhd r[;jh nra;al;Lk;. cz;ikapy; mtd; Ie;J uf;mj;fs; njhOjpUe;jhy;
me;j r[;jhf;fs; mtdJ njhOifia ,ul;ilg;gilahf Mf;Fk;. cz;ikapy; ehd;F uf;mj;
njhOjpUe;jhy;> kwjpf;fhd me;j r[;jhf;fs; i\j;jhid %f;fWg;gjhf mikAk;. 7
Iag;ghl;bd; kw;NwhH vLj;Jf;fhl;L: ,khk; U$T nra;Jnfhz;bUf;Fk; epiyapy; xUtH
tUfpwhH vd;why;> Neuhf epd;Wnfhz;L my;yh`{ mf;gH vd;W jf;gPH fl;LthH. gpwF U$T
nra;thH. ,g;nghOJ gpd;tUk; %d;W epiyfspy; xd;iwj;jhd; mtH Nkw;nfhs;thH:
KjyhtJ epiy> ,khk; U$Ttpy; ,Ue;J jiyia caHj;Jtjw;F Kd;Ng ,khKld;
NrHe;J tpl;ljhf cWjp nfhs;tJ. ,g;nghOJ me;j uf;mj; mtUf;Ff; fpilj;JtpLk;. /ghj;
jp`h #uhit mtH XjhjpUe;jhYk; Xjpajhf MfptpLk;.
,uz;lhtJ epiy> mtH U$Ttpy; NrHtjw;F Kd;Ng ,khk; U$Ttpy; ,Ue;J jiyia
caHj;jp tpl;lhH vd;W cWjpnfhs;tJ. ,g;nghOJ me;j uf;mj; mtUf;Ff; fpilj;jjhf
MfhJ.
6
,khk; Gfhup njhOif gFjpapy;> fpg;yhit Kd;Ndhf;Fjy; vDk; ghlj;jpy; ,jid mwptpj;Js;shHfs;. ,khk;
K];ypk;> gs;spthry;fs; vDk; gFjpapy;> njhOifapy; kwjp vDk; ghlj;jpy; ,jid mwptpj;Js;shHfs;.
7
,khk; K];ypk; mtHfs; gs;spthry;fs; gFjpapy; njhOifapy; kwjp vDk; ghlj;jpy; ,jid mwptpj;Js;shHfs;.
(vz; 88 - 571)
 %d;whtJ epiy> ,khk; U$Ttpy; ,Uf;Fk;NghNj [khmj;jpy; NrHe;Jtpl;Nlhkh> ,y;iyah
vd;W re;Njfpg;gJ. ,khk; U$Ttpy; ,Uf;Fk;NghNj NrHe;jpUe;jhy; me;j U$T mtUf;Ff;
fpilf;Fk;.
my;yJ U$Ttpy; mtH NrUtjw;F Kd;Ng ,khk; jiyia caHj;jptpl;lhuh? mg;gb
caHj;jpapUe;jhy; me;j uf;mj; mtUf;Ff; fpilf;ftpy;iy vd;whFk;.
,khk; U$Ttpy; ,Uf;FNghNj [khmj;jpy; NrHe;J tpl;Nlhkh>,y;iyah vd;fpw ,U tp\aj;
jpy; - xd;W kpifahf ,Ue;jhy;> me;j kpifahd vz;zg;;gb nray;gLthH. njhOif epiwT
gLj;jp ryhk; nfhLg;ghH. gpwF kwjpf;fhd ,uz;L r[;jh nra;thH. gpwF rhyk; nfhLg;ghH.
,khKld; NrHe;Nj KOj;njhOifiaAk; njhOjpUe;jhy; - vJTk; jhkjkhf tpy;iy vd;wpUe;
jhy; mtH kwjp r[;jh nra;a Ntz;bajpy;iy.
,uz;L tp\aq;fspy; vJTk; kpifahd vz;zj;ijg; ngwtpy;iy vd;why;> cWjpapd;gb
(mjhtJ me;j uf;mj; fpilf;ftpy;iy) vd;gjd;gb nray;gLthH.> njhOifia KOikahfj;
njhOthH.> ryhk; nfhLg;gjw;F Kd; kwjpf;fhd ,uz;L r[;jh nra;thH.> gpwF rhyk; nfhLg;
ghH.
gaDs;s fUj;J
njhOk;NghJ mtUf;Fr; re;Njfk; te;jhy; NkNy nrhd;d tpsf;fj;jpd;gb - cWjpapd;
mbg;gilapy; nray;gLthH. my;yJ kpifahd vz;zj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; nray;gLthH. jhk;
rupahfj;jhd; njhONjhk;.> mjpfg;gLj;jTk; ,y;iy> Fiwf;fTk; ,y;iy vd;gJ mjd; gpwF
njspthdhy;> mtH kwjpf;fhd r[;jh nra;a Ntz;bajpy;iy. Vnddpy; r[;jhTf;Ff; fhuz
khd re;Njfk; ePq;fptpl;lJ! ,JNt ekJ kj;`gpd; gpugykhd fUj;jhFk;.
mtH r[;jh nra;aj;jhd; Ntz;Lk; vd;W ,d;ndhU fUj;Jk; cs;sJ. vjw;fhfntdpy;>
mjd; %yk; i\j;jhid %f;fWf;fr; nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf! Vnddpy;> Kd;G nrhd;d
egpnkhopapy; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ: ... cz;ikapy; mtH ehd;F uf;mj; njhOjpUe;jhy;> kwjpf;fhd
me;j r[;jhfs; i\j;jhid %f;fWg;gjhf mikAk;. 8 kw;nwhU fhuzk;> re;Njfj;JlNdNa
jdJ njhOifapd; xU gFjpia epiwNtw;wpAs;shH vd;gjhFk;. ,Jjhd; kpifahd fUj;J.
,jw;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L: njhOifapy; xU kdpjUf;F - ,uz;lhtJ uf;mj;jh %d;whtJ
uf;mj;jh vd;W re;Njfk; Vw;gl;L> ,uz;by; ve;j tp\aKk; kpifahd vz;zj;ijg; ngwhj
epiyapy;> mij ,uz;lhtJ uf;mj;jhfNt mikj;J mjd;gb njhOifia epiwTgLj;jpdhH.>
mjd; gpwF cz;ikapy; mJ ,uz;lhtJ uf;mj;jhd; vd;gJ njspthdhy;> mtH (kwjpf;fhd)
r[;jh nra;a Ntz;bajpy;iy. ,JNt kj;`gpd; gpugykhd fUj;jhFk;. ,d;ndhU fUj;jpd;gb
mtH> ryhk; nfhLg;gjw;F Kd;G r[;jh nra;a Ntz;Lk;. ,JNt Mjhuj;jpd; mbg;gilapy;
rupahdnjd;W ehk; fzpj;Js;sjhFk;.
gpd;gw;wpj; njhOgtH
nra;a Ntz;ba kwjp r[;jh
njhOifapy; ,khKf;F kwjp Vw;gl;L kwjpf;fhd r[;jhit mtH nra;jhy; mtiug; gpd;gw;wpj;
njhOk; kw;wtHfs; kPJk; me;j r[;jh flikjhd;. Vnddpy; egp(]y;) mtHfs; $wpAs;shHfs;:
( glK) *B. H
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,khk; epakpf;fg;gl;bUg;gJ mtiug; gpd;gw;Wtjw; fhfj;jhd;! vdNt mtUf;F ePq;fs; Kuz;
glhjPHfs;. (njhlHe;J tUfpwJ:) mtH r[;jh nra;jhy; ePq;fSk; r[;jh nra;Aq;fs;. (Gfhup>
K];ypk;) ,jid mg+ `{iuuh(uyp) mwptpj;Js;shHfs;. 9

8
,J> mg+ raPJy; Fj;up (uyp) mtHfs; mwptpj;j `jP]pd; filrpg; gFjp. `jP]; gjpthfpAs;s E}ypd; tpguk;
mz;ikapy; nrd;Ws;sJ.
9
,khk; Gfhup> [khmj; njhOifapd; gFjpapy;> ,khk; epakpf; fg;gl;bUg;gJ mtiug; gpd;gw;Wtjw;fhfj;jhd; vDk;
ghlj;jpy; ,jid mwptpj;Js;shHfs;. (vz; 657) ,khk; K];ypk;> njhOif gFjpapy;> kf;fs; ,khikg; gpd;gw;Wjy;
vDk; ghlj;jpy; mwptpj; JshHfs;. (vz; 412) ,khk; mg+ jht+jpd; mwptpg;gpy;> ,khk; Xjpdhy; ePq;fs; nksdkhf
 ,khk; kwjpf;fhd r[;jhit ryhKf;Fg; Kd;G nra;jhYk; rup> ryhKf;Fg; gpwF nra;jhYk;
rupNa gpd;gw;wpj; njhOgtH ,khikg; NghyNt nra;tJ flik. Mdhy; mtH jhkjkhf te;J
NrHe;jpUe; jhNy jtpu! mjhtJ ,uz;nlhU uf;mj; mtUf;F tpLgl;Ls;sJ vd;whNy jtpu!
mg;gbg;gl;ltH> ryhk; nfhLj;j gpwF ,khk; kwjpf;fhd r[;jh nra;jhy;> mtiug; gpd;gw;w
khl;lhH. fhuzk; mJ rpukk; vd;gJjhd;! Vnddpy; jhkjkhf te;J ,khKld; NrHe;jtH
,khKld; NrHe;J ryhk; nfhLf;f KbahJ. ,g;gbg;gl;ltH njho Ntz;ba uf;mj;ij njhOJ
Kbj;Jf;nfhz;L ryhk; nfhLg;ghH. gpwF kwjpf;fhd r[;jh nra;thH.> ryhk; nfhLg;ghH.
vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf> ryhk; nfhLj;j gpwF kwjpf; fhd r[;jh nra;tJ ,khk; kPJ flikahf
,Uf;Fk; epiyapy;> xUtH jhkjkhf te;J filrp uf;mj;jpy; ,khKld; [khmj;jpy; NrHe;jhH.
,g;nghOJ jhkjkhf te;j ,e;j kdpjH> ,khk; ryhk; nfhLj;jJk; vOe;J tpLgl;l kPjp
uf;mj;fisj; njhOthH.> ,khKld; r[;jh nra;a khl;lhH. kPjp uf;mj;fisj; njhOJKbj;J
ryhk; nfhLj;jhH vdpy;> ryhKf;Fg; gpwF (kwjpf;fhd) r[;jh nra;thH.
,khKf;F kwjp Vw;glhj epiyapy;> gpd;gw;wpj; njhOgtH kwe;jhH vdpy;> mj;Jld; njhO
ifapy; vJTk; mtUf;F tpLgltpy;iy vdpy;> mtH (kl;Lk; kwjpf;fhf) R[_J nra;a Ntz;b
ajpy;iy.Vnddpy; mjw;fhf mtH R[_J nra;jhy;> mjdhy; ,khKf;F mtH Kuz;gl Ntz;b
aJ tUk;. ,khik gpd;gw;Wtjw;F ,ila+W Vw;gLk;. NkYk; egp (]y;) mtHfSf;F kwjp
Vw;gl;lNghJ egpj;NjhoHfs; Kjy; mj;j`pa;ahj;ij tpl;L tpl;L> egpatHfSld; NkNy vOe;jhH
fNs jtpu> cl;fhHe;J mj;j`pa;ahj;ij Xjtpy;iy. fhuzk;> ,khkhf cs;s egpatHfisg;
gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk;.> mtHfSf;F Kuzhf nray;glf; $lhJ vd;gjw;fhfj;jhd;!
Mdhy; njhOifapy; VNjDk; mtUf;F tpLgl;bUf;Fk; epiyapy; mtUf;F kwjp Vw;gl;lhy; -
,khKld; njhOk;NghJ kwe;jhNyh tpLgl;lijj; njhOk;NghJ kwe;jhNyh - mg;gbg;gl;ltH
R[_J nra;aj;jhd; Ntz;Lk;. tpLgl;lij vOe;J njhOJ Kbj;jJk; kwjpf;fhd ,uz;L
r[;jhit mtH nra;thH. Kd;dH nrd;w tpsf;fj;jpd;gb ryhk; nfhLg;gjw;F Kd;Ngh mjw;Fg;
gpd;Ngh nra;thH.
,jw;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L: gpd;gw;wpj; njhof;$ba xUtH U$Ttpy; Rg;`hd ug;gpay; moPk; vd;W
nrhy;y kwe;J tpl;lhH vdpy;> njhOifapy; vJTk; mtUf;F tpLglTk; ,y;iynadpy;> mtH
kwjp R[_J nra;a Ntz;bajpy;iy. Mdhy; xU uf;mj; my;yJ ,uz;L uf;mj; mtUf;F
tpLgl;bUe;jhy;> mtw;iw epiwNtw;wptpl;L ryhk; nfhLg;gjw;F Kd;G kwjpf;fhd R[_ij
nra;thH.
,d;NdhH vLj;Jf;fhl;L: ,khKld; NrHe;J S`H njhof;$batH> ,khk; ehd;fhtJ
uf;mj;jpw;fhf vOe;jNghJ vohky; - ,J filrp uf;mj; vd;w vz;zj;jpy; cl;fhHe;jhH.> gpwF
,khk; vOe;J tpl;lij mwpe;jJk; ,tUk; vOe;jhH. ,g;nghOJ ,tUf;F njhOifapy; vJTk;
tpLgltpy;iy vdpy;> kwjpf;fhd R[_J nra;a Ntz;bajpy;iy. Mdhy; xU uf;mj; my;yJ
,uz;L uf;mj; tpLgl;bUe;jhy;> vOe;J mtw;iw epiwNtw;WthH> ryhk; nfhLg;ghH> gpwF kwjpf;
fhf ,U r[;jh nra;thH> gpwF ryhk; nfhLg;ghH. ,e;j ,U r[;jhf;fs;> ,khk; ehd;fhtJ
uf;mj;Jf;fhf vOe;jNghJ XH mkHjiy ,tH mjpfg;gLj;jpdhNu mjw;fhfr; nra;tjhFk;.
fUj;Jr; RUf;fk;
NkNy nrhd;d tpsf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J ekf;Fj; njspthfj; njupatUtJ vd;dntdpy;>
kwjpf;fhd ,uz;L r[;jhf;fs;> xUjlit ryhk; nfhLg;gjw;F Kd;G nra;ag;gLfpwJ vd;Wk;
,d;ndhU jlit ryhk; nfhLj;jjw;Fg; gpd;G nra;ag;gLfpwJ vd;Wk; njupatUfpwJ.
ryhk; nfhLg;gjw;F Kd;G r[;jh nra;a Ntz;ba ,uz;L tbtq;fs; tUkhW:
1) Fiwg;gjdhy; kwjp r[;jh nra;Ak; epiy: Vnddpy; mg;Jy;yh`; gpd; Gi`dh (uyp)
mtHfs; %yk; mwptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ: egp (]y;) mtHfs; Kjy; mj;j`pa;ahj;ij (kwjpahf)tpl;L
,Uq;fs; vDk; thrfk; mjpfkhfg; gjpthfpAs;sJ. njhOif gFjpapy;> ,khk; cl;fhHe;J njhOthH vDk; ghlj;
jpy; mwptpj;JshHfs;. (vz; 604) ,khk; e]h<> njhOifapd; Muk;gj;jpy; mwptpj;Js;shHfs;. (vz; 920) ,g;D kh[h
vz; 846) ,khk; m`;kJ vz; 2 - 420)
tpl;lnghOJ ryhk; nfhLg;gjw;F Kd; kwjp r[;jh nra;jhHfs;. ,e;j egpnkhop Kd;dH nrd;
Ws;sJ.
2) re;Njfj;jpw;fhf mjhtJ ,uz;L tp\aq;fspy; vJTk; kpifahd vz;zj;ijg; ngwtpy;iy
vd;gjw;fhf r[;jh nra;Ak; epiy. Vnddpy; mg+ ]aPJy; Fj;up (uyp) mtHfspd; mwptpg;gpy;
cs;sJ: xU kdpjUf;Fj; njhOifapy; re;Njfk; te;jhy;> njhOjJ %d;W uf;mj;jh> ehd;F
uf;mj;jh vd;W mwpatpy;iy vd;why;> mtH ryhk; nfhLg;gjw;F Kd;G ,uz;L r[;jh nra;a
Ntz;Lk; vd egp (]y;) mtHfs; fl;lisapl;lhHfs;. ,e;j egpnkhopAk; Kd;G nrd;Ws;sJ.
ryhk; nfhLj;jw;Fg; gpwF r[;jh nra;a Ntz;ba ,uz;L tbtq;fs; tUkhW:
1) mjpfg;gLj;Jtjdhy; kwjp r[;jh nra;Ak; epiy: Vnddpy; mg;Jy;yh`; gpd; k];Cj; (uyp)
mtHfs; mwptpj;j egpnkhopapy; te;Js;sJ: egp (]y;) mtHfs; S`H njhOifia 5 uf;mj;
jhf njhOjhHfs;. ryhk; nfhLj;j gpwF mJ gw;wp egp(]y;)mtHfSf;F kf;fs; epidt+l;b
aNghJ egpatHfs; kwjp r[;jh ,UKiw nra;jhHfs;. gpwF ryhk; nfhLj;jhHfs;. ryhk;
nfhLj;j gpwF egpatHfs; r[;jh nra;jjd; fhuzk;> mjpfg;gLj;jpaJ gw;wp mjd; gpwFjhd;
mwpe;J nfhz;lhHfs; vd;gJjhd; vd;W egpatHfs; tpsf;ftpy;iy. ,J vijf; fhl;LfpwJ?
rl;lk; nghJthdJ vd;gijNa fhl;LfpwJ - mjhtJ> mjpfg;gLj;jpa fhuzj;jhy; r[;jh
nra;tjhapd; ryhk; nfhLj;j gpwFjhd; nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;gijNa ,J fhl;LfpwJ. mjpfg;
gLj;jpaJ gw;wp - ryhk; nfhLg;gjw;F Kd;G mwpe;jhYk; rup> ryhk; nfhLj;j gpwF mwpe;jhYk;
rupNa!
,NjNghd;wJjhd; gpd;tUk; epiyAk;: xU kdpjH njhOifia KOikg;gLj;Jtjw;F Kd;d
jhf ryhk; nfhLj;jhH.gpwF epidT tuNt njhOifia KOikahf;fpdhH - ,e;j kdpjH
njhOiff;F ,ilapy; - ryhk; nfhLj;jy; vDk; nraiy mjpfg;gLj;jp tpl;lhH. vdNt ryhk;
nfhLj;j gpwF kwjpf;fhd ,U r[;jhfs; nra;thH. Vnddpy;> mg+ `{iuuh (uyp) mtHfspd;
mwptpg;G te;Js;sJ: egp (]y;) mtHfs; S`H my;yJ m];H njhOifapy; ,uz;lhtJ uf;mj;
jpy; ryhk; nfhLj;jhHfs;. mJ gw;wp egpatHfSf;F kf;fs; epidt+l;banghOJ egpatHfs;
vOe;J njhOifia KOikg;gLj;jpdhHfs;. ryhk; nfhLj;jhHfs;. gpwF kwjpf;fhd ,uz;L
r[;jh nra;jhHfs;. ,e;j egpnkhop Kd;dH nrd;Ws;sJ.
2) re;Njfj;jpw;fhf mjhtJ ,uz;L tp\aq;fspy; vJTk; kpifahd vz;zj;ijg; ngw
tpy;iy vd;W Iak; Vw;gl;ljw;fhf r[;jh nra;Ak; epiy. Vnddpy; ,g;D k];t+j; (uyp) mtH
fspd; mwptpg;gpy; te;Js;sJ: njhOifapy; re;Njfg;gl;l kdpjUf;F egp (]y;)mtHfs; fl;lis
apl;lhHfs;> vJ rup vd;gij mtHfs; njz;bj;Jj; njupe;Jnfhz;L mjd;gb njhOifia
KOikg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;! gpwF mtH ryhk; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.> r[;jh nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;W
fl;lisapl;ljhf te;Js;sJ. ,e;j egpnkhop Ak; Kd;G nrd;Ws;sJ.
xU kdpjUf;F njhOifapy; ,uz;L Kiw re;Njfk; Vw;gl;lhy;> xU re;Njfj;jpw;F - ryhk;
nfhLg; gjw;F Kd;G r[;jh nra;a Ntz;Lk;.> ,d;ndhU re;Njfj;jpw;F - ryhk; nfhLj;j gpwF
r[;jh nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;W ,Ue;jhy;> ,e;j ,lj;jpy; khHf;f mwpQHfs; $wpAs;shHfs;:
ryhk; nfhLg;gjw;F Kd;G r[;jh nra;tNj kpifg;gLj;jg;gLk;. vdNt ryhk; nfhLg;gjw;F
Kd;Gjhd; r[;jh nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
,jw;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L: xU kdpjH S`H njhOfpwhH. ,uz;lhJ mj;j`pa;ahj;Ff;fhf
cl;fhuhky; vOe;J tpl;lhH. %d;whtJ uf;mj;jpy; cl;fhHe;jhH. mJjhd; ,uz;lhtJ uf;mj;
vd;W vz;ZfpwhH. gpwFjhd; mJ %d;whtJ uf;mj; vd;gJ epidTf;F te;jJ. ,tH vOe;J
xU uf;mj; njhOthH. kwe;jjw;fhf r[;jh nra;thH. gpwF ryhk; nfhLg;ghH.
,e;j kdpjH Kjy; mj;j`pa;ahj;ij tpl;L tpl;lhH. mjw;fhf r[;jh nra;tJ>ryhk; nfhLg;
gjw;F Kd;G MFk;. NkYk; %d;whtJ uf;mj;jpy; mkHjy; vDk; nraiy mjpfg;gLj;jpAs;shH.
mjw;fhf r[;jh nra;tJ> ryhk; nfhLj;j gpwF MFk;. Mdhy; ryhk; nfhLg;gjw;F Kd;G
r[;jh nra;jy; vd;gJ ,q;F kpifg;gLj;jg;gl;L (]yhk; nfhLg;gjw;F Kd;G ][;jh nra;a
Ntz;Lk; vd;W nrhy;yg;gl;L) s;sJ. my;yh`;jhd; kpfTk; mwpe;jtd;.
 my;yh`;tplk; ehd; ,iwQ;RfpNwd;> mtdJ Ntjj;ijAk; mtDila J}jupd; topKiw
fisAk; njspthfg; Gupe;J nfhs;tjw;F mUs;ghypg;ghdhf! nfhs;iff;Nfhl;ghl;by;> tzf;f
topghl;by;> tho;f;if tptfhuq;fspy; FHMd; - `jP]pd;gbNa nray;gLtjw;F - ekf;Fk; Vida
K];ypk; rNfhjuHfSf;Fk; ey;yUs;ghypg;ghdhf! vq;fs; midtUf;Fk; - ,Wjp Kbit mofhf;
fpj; jUthahf vd;W mtdplNk ehd; ,iwQ;RfpNwd;. jpz;zkhf my;yh`; khngUk; nfhil
ahsd;.> rq;iff;Fupatd;!
mfpyk; KOtijAk; gilj;Jg; gupghypf;Fk; ,iwtdhfpa my;yh`;Tf;Nf vy;yhg; GfOk;.
ek;Kila egp K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfs; kPJk; mtHfspd; FLk;gj;jpdH> NjhoHfs; midtH
kPJk; my;yh`; jdJ fUiziaAk; fpUigiaAk; nghopthdhf!