NERVI CRANIALES

dr. Hadi Raharjo Wibowo

NERVI CRANIALES
N. I -> olfactorius
N. II -> opticus
N. III -> oculomotorius
N. IV -> trochlearis
N. V -> trigeminus
N. VI -> abducens
N. VII -> facialis
N. VIII -> octavus / vestibulocochlearis
N. IX -> glossopharyngeus
N. X -> vagus
N. XI -> accessorius
N. XII -> hypoglossus
NERVUS OLFACTORIUS
Sifat special viscerosensoris
Receptor (sel olfactory di meatus nasi
suprema=neuron I) -> neuron bipolar di
bulbus olfactorius (neuron II) -> tractus
olfactorius -> uncus + parahypocampus
(primary olfactory complex=neuron III) ->
entorhinal cortex (area 28/olfactory
assosiation cortex)
NERVUS OPTICUS
Sifat special somato sensoris
Receptor (rod & conus cell=neuron I) ->
neuron bipolar (neuron II) -> lapisan
ganglioner retina (neuron III) -> n. opticus -
> chiasma opticus ->neuron IV
Corpora genitulatum laterale -> area 17
Ncl. pretectalis -> reflex consensual
Colliculus superior-> reflex somato-optik
NERVUS
VESTIBULOCOCHLEARIS
Nervus cochlearis
Bersifat special somato sensoris
Receptor (organon Corti) -> ggl. cochlearis
(neuron I) -> n. cochlearis -> ncl. cochlearis
ventralis & dorsalis (neuron II) -> colliculus
inferior (neuron III) -> corpora geniculatum
mediale (neuron IV) -> auditory radiation ->
gyrus temporalis lateralis (area 41 + 42 &
asosiasi area 22)
Nervus vestibularis
Receptor (crista ampullaris -> reflex stato-
kinetis & macula -> reflex stato-tonis) -> ggl.
vestibularis/Scarpae (neuron I) -> n.
vestibularis -> ncl. vestibularis -> fasciculus
longitudinalis medialis -> nuclei nervi III, IV,
VI, XI dan cornu anterior medulla spinalis.
NERVI III, IV & VI
Bersifat somatomotor -> mm extrinsik bola mata
N III -> visceromotor + mm intrinsik bola mata
Nervus oculomotorius
Bersifat somatomotor, visceromotor, somato sensoris
Nucleus somatomotor -> m. rectus medialis + superior
+ inferior, m. obliques inferior & m. levator palpebrae
Nucleus visceromotor (Edinger-Westphal) ->
m. sphincter pupillae + m. ciliaris
Nucleus Perlia (somatomotor) -> penting untuk
convergensi bola mata
Nervus trochlearis
Merupakan satu2nya n. cranialis yg menyilang
Minnervasi m. obliques superior
Nervus abducens
Merupakan nervus intracranial terpanjang
Menginnervasi m. rectus lateralis
NERVUS TRIGEMINUS
Bersifat somatosensoris & special visceromotor
T.d -> n. opthalmicus + maxillaris
(somatosensoris) & n. mandibula
N. opthalmicus -> dahi, mata, hidung, meningen,
sinus paranasalis & mucosa hidung
N. maxillaris -> gigi maxilla, bibir, pipi (kulit),
palatum durum, sinus maxillaris & mucosa hidung
N. mandibularis (somatosensoris) -> gigi
mandibula, pipi (mucosa), lidah, sebag.
MAE, proprioceptive + SVE mm.
pengunyah
Ggl. Gasseri (N I) -> ncl. Principalis (suhu,
raba) + n. tractus spinalis (N II), ncl.
Mesencephalicus (proprioceptive, N I) ->
lemniscus trigemini -> thalamus (N III)

NERVUS FACIALIS
Bersifat SVE, GVE, GSA, GVA + SVA
Special visceromotoris -> otot mimik, m.
stapedius, m. biventer venter posterior, m.
auricularis posterior
Visceromotoris -> gl. Lacrimalis,
sublingualis & submandibularis
Spesial viscerosensoris -> pengecap 2/3
bagian ventral lidah
Somatosensoris
Sebagian MAE
Telinga sebelah dorsal
Viscerosensoris
Gl. Submaxillaris
Gl. Submandibularis
Pembuluh darah bagian muka
NERVUS
GLOSSOPHARYNGEUS
Bersifat GSA, GVA, AVA, GVE & SVE
Ggl. Nervus IX
Ggl. Superior -> somatosensoris
Ggl. Petrosum -> viscersensoris + special
visceromotor)
Nuclei motoris pd n. IX
Ncl. ambiguus (SVE) ->m.stylopharyngeus
Ncl. Salivatorius inferior -> gl. parotis
Axon sensoris n. IX
1/3 bag. dorsal lidah -> pengecap
Receptor proprioceptive m. stylopharyngeus
Mucosa -> tonsil, pharynx & cavum timpani
NERVUS VAGUS
Bersifat GSA,GVA, SVA, GVE & SVE
Axon nuclei motoris n. X
Ncl. ambiguus -> m. pharynx, m. palatum
molle, m. cricothyroid
Ncl. Dorsalis n. X -> colli, thorax, abdomen
Axon somatosensoris -> meatus acusticus
externus
Axon viscerosensoris -> mucosa
oesophagus-2/3 bag. dextra colon
transversum
Axon special viscerosensoris -> mucosa
epiglottis sebagai pengecap
NERVUS ACCESSORIUS
Bersifat SVE + GSA (proprioceptive)
Ramus bulbaris dari ncl. ambiguus ->
musculi intrinsik larynx kecuali m.
cricothyroid
Ramus spinalis -> m. sternocleidomatoideus
& m. trapezius
NERVUS HYPOGLOSSUS
Bersifat somatomotoris & somatosensoris
(proprioceptive)
Menginnervasi
M. intrinsik lidah
M. extrinsik lidah kecuali m. palatoglossus