Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Abstract
Distant learning in Indonesia has been regulated according UU No. 20 Tahun 2003 about
SISDIKNAS. One of the most important thing in distant learning is the up to-date principle where basically
either teacher or student have an ability to use modern learning technique such as Information Technology
and Communication (ICT), learning resources that always enable to be updated and many more. The eLearning education has been being a trend and even has been being as a sale value itself for the host
institution but still being considered as a complementary thing. One of the main factors is the infrastructure
problem of the availability of the internet connection. A low quality of the internet bandwidth and the price
of the distant learning itself which still be considered as an expensive way of learning.
One of the most efficient e-Learning method is a blanded-learning. Blanded learning is a learning
method that combine the face-to-face based with the e-Learning based method, which mean the face-to-face
learning process was being support with the E-Learning in order to be more interactive and the purpose of
the learning process is able to reach optimically.
To conduct the blended-learning efficiently, there are sixs step in the designing process that are : (1)
determine the learning materials (2) determine the applied design (3) determine the on-line learning format
(4) Conduct a test with the design (5) Conduct the blended-learning (6) Prepare criterion for evaluation.
Beside that, the host of the distant learning must aware when is the appropriate time to conduct the blended
learning system.
Keywords : Distance Learning, e-Learning, Blended Learning
1. Pendahuluan
Pemerintah telah mengatur pendidikan jarak
jauh berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 20
Tahun 2003 tentang Sistim Pendidikan Nasional
(SISDIKNAS), dimana yang dimaksud dengan
pendidikan jarak jauh adalah pendidikan yang
pesertanya didiknya terpisah dari pendidik dan
pembelajarannya menggunakan berbagai sumber
belajar melalui teknologi komunikasi, informasi
dan media lainnya. Soekartawi (2003)
memberikan ciri-ciri yang lebih spesifik dari
pendidikan jarak jauh yaitu:
Kegiatan belajar terpisah dengan kegiatan
pembelajaran.
Selama proses belajar siswa selaku peserta didik
dan guru selaku pendidik terpisahkan oleh
tempat, jarak geografis dan waktu atau
kombinasi dari ketiganya.
Karena siswa dan guru terpisah selama
pembelajaran, maka komunikasi diatara
keduanya dibantu dengan media pembelajaran,
baik media cetak (bahan ajar berupa modul)
maupun media elektronik (CD-ROM, VCD,
telepon, radio, video, televisi, komputer).
Jasa pelayanan disediakan baik untuk siswa
maupun untuk guru, misalnya resource
learning center atau pusat sumber belajar,
Teleconfrence, dan lain sebagainya. Konsep eLearning harus mengadaptasi unsur-unsur yang
biasa dilakukan dalam sistem pembelajaran
konvensional.
b. Blended Learning
Blended
learning
merupakan
pengembangan lebih lanjut dari metode eLearning, yaitu metode pembelajaran yang
menggabungkan antara sistem e-Learning dengan
metode konvensional atau tata muka (face-toface). Beberapa ahli mendefinisikan blended
learning sebagai berikut :
1. Valiathan, Purnima (2002) blended learning is
used to describe a solution that combines
several different delivery methods, such as
collaboration software, Web-based courses,
EPSS (electronic performance support
systems), and knowledge management
practices.
2. Rooney, (2003), Blended learning is a hybrid
learning concept integrating traditional inclass sessions and e-Learning elements.
Ahli lainnya memberikan definisi lebih luas
lagi, seperti Whitelock & Jelfs (2003),
memberikan tiga pengertian untuk blended
learning, yaitu :
c. The integrated combination of traditional
learning with web-based online approaches
(drawingon the work of Harrison);
d. The combination of media and tools employed
in an e-Learning environment;
e. The combination of a number of pedagogic
approaches,
irrespective
of
learning
technology use (drawing on the work of
Driscoll).
Martin Oliver dan Keith Trigwell dalam
jurnal e-Learning, Volume 2, Number 1 tahun
2005, mendefinisikan blended learning :
1. Combining or mixing web-based technology to
accomplish an educational goal;
2. Combining pedagogical approaches (e.g.
constructivism, behaviorism, cognitivism) to
produce an optimal learning outcome with or
without instructional technology;
3. Combining any form of instructional
technology with face-to-face instructor-led
training; and
4. Combining instructional technology with
actual job tasks.
Dari berbagai definisi diatas, para ahli
secara umum setuju bahwa blended learning lebih
menekankan kepada penggabungan / penyatuan
metode pembelajaran secara konvensional (faceto-face) dengan metode e-Learning. Seperti
terlihat pada Gambar 1 dibawah ini :
Self-paced learning
Web learning
modules
Online resource
links
Simulations
Scenarios
Video and audio
CD/DVDs
Online selfassessments
Workbooks
Live face-to-face
(informal)
Collegial
connections
Work teams
Role modeling
Virtual
collaboration/
asynchronous
E-mail
Online bulletin
boards
Listservs
Online
communities
Performance support
Help systems
Print job aids
Knowledge
databases
Documentation
Performance/decis
ion support tools
No
Variabel
1
2
Registrasi
Lingkungan
pembelajaran
Lingkungan
kampus
Kehadiran
guru/tutor
Jadwal kelas
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
e-mail
Audio-video
conferencing,
chatting
Konsultasi
Kerja
kelompok
Tugas-tugas
rumah
Kelas
konvension
al
Kelas Virtual
Di kampus
Hidup
Online
Terprogram
Di kampus
Di luar
kampus
Tidak
diperlukan
Kapan saja &
dimana saja
Diperlukan
Kelas
Kombinasi
(Blended
Learning)
Keduanya
Keduanya
Keduanya
Keduanya
Ya
Tidak ada
Kapan saja
& dimana
saja
Ya
Ya
Tatap muka
Ya
Diumumkan
Tidak
Keduanya
Ya
Ya
Tidak
Ya
Tertentu
tempat &
waktunya
Tdk ada
Tidak ada
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Ayala,