Igneous rocks

Igneous rocks form from magma molten rock material consisting of liquid, gas, and crystals. Originates
from the partial melting of the lower crust and the upper mantle. A wide variety of magma type exists,
but important end members are (1) basaltic magma, which is typically very hot (from
to
C)
and highly fluid, and (2) Silicic magma which is cooler (less than
C) and highly viscous.
Where is the igneous rocks form?
At convergent plate margins where intrusions of magma feed overlying volcanoes.
Igneous rocks texture
1. Glassy texture
- Formed on the crust of lava flows and in viscous magma
- Formed by very rapid cooling.
- Example : obsidian
2. Aphanitic texture
- Consist of mineral grains too small to be seen without a microscope
- Example : rhyolite
- Formed by rapid cooling.
3. Phaneritic texture
- Consist of visible grains
- Formed by very slow cooling belom Earths surface
4. Pyroclastic texture
- Forms when crystals, fragments of rock, and glass are blown out of a volcano as hot ash.
Types of igneous rocks
1. Granite

Composed of K-feldspar, quartz, plagioclase, and biotite.

2. Diorite

Composed of plagioclase, amphibole, quartz, and biotite.

3. Gabbro

Composed of pyroxene, plagioclase, and olivine.

4. Rhyolite

Composed of K-feldspar, plagioclase, quartz, biotite, and light-colored fine-grained groundmass.

5. Andesite

Composed of plagioclase, pyroxene, and amphibole.

6. Basalt

Composed of plagioclase, pyroxene, and olivine.