1.

You are the Executive MBA coordinator of AIUBs Online Education

Program. How would you apply the concepts of providing value
and customer satisfaction and retention to designing and
marketing effective online education program?
The concept of value in marketing The value concept is a basic constituent of
relationship marketing. The ability to provide superior value to customers is a
prerequisite when trying to establish and maintain longterm customer
relationships. Stresses the fact that the underlying construct of customer
satisfaction is more than a perception of the quality received. What must be taken
into account as well is the customers need of quality improvements and his
willingness to pay for it. From a relationship perspective these aspects are
fundamental, since they are both related to the costs of the parties involved.
Suggests that a reduction in customerperceived costs may be a most
recommendable method of providing value to the customer, since, done properly, it
can improve the internal cost efficiency as well. It is then possible to establish and
maintain mutually profitable customer relationships, which is of prime concern in
relationship marketing.

I think it is important to make education easier for people online than it is in-person.
IT will create customer satisfaction and ensure that they do not leave. Also Providing
value is crucial when you are asking someone to do something online that has been
traditionally done in person. Another thing The customer value proposition should
state the intrinsic benefits a visitor will get from the site, content, web service or
functionality to overall product or service.
In order to provide our online education program we will noticeable through our
website about the importance and advantage that and online executive MBA
student will receive. There are many advantages to online courses and degree
programs which are;

I think Online education is widely accepted as being just as valuable as the

classroom experience. And many colleges, universities, businesses, and
organizations worldwide, now offer their students fully accredited online
degrees and continuing education programs. So it is really very important.
Secondly I tink Degrees obtained through online courses and programs can
be as precious as degrees from conventional programs, but there is also
important to choose one that is respected and accredited. Because choosing
a traditional college or university, some online programs can offer better
educations and hold better reputations than others. I think AIUB provides

well-respected
programs.

regional

and

professional

accredited

online

graduate

Another thing it Not only create an opportunity for those unable to take
traditional full-time classes such as working professionals and parents, but
also offers more choice and flexibility to students of all types.
Is it also important because Internet can able to capture a lot of the same
activities students partake in while learning in traditional classroom settings,
As an example, videoconferencing in real time allows students and professors
to interact visually, and chat rooms and message boards help build
relationships, make it convenient for students to help each other, and
improve a professor's accessibility. So thats why it is very important.
IT is also imporntat because The cost of online programs is not so high. so it
lies mainly in the opportunity costs saved, as most students are able to keep
their jobs while taking online classes. The Savings are also realized in the
absence of related school costs such as transportation and housing.
I think the most important consideration is that online courses are offered at
the same price to students whether can affordable easily and they also get
good quality education. So That would add value to the experience.

Customer satisfaction is a term frequently used in marketing. 'Customer

satisfaction is a term frequently used in marketing. It is a measure of how products
and services supplied by a company meet or surpass customer expectation.
Customer satisfaction is defined as "the number of customers, or percentage of
total customers, whose reported experience with a firm, its products, or its services
(ratings) exceeds specified satisfaction goals.
I think Once we feature on our website that is an improvement on in-online
education, we must deliver customer satisfaction. This can only be achieved by
having a reliable service. If the site frequently crashes when users are doing their
finances, they will lose confidence. Security is imperative too; if the website does
not have rigorous security measures in place, customers will not be satisfied.
Customer retention is the activity that a selling organization undertakes in order to
reduce customer defections. Successful customer retention starts with the first
contact an organization has with a customer and continues throughout the entire
lifetime of a relationship. A companys ability to attract and retain new customers, is
not only related to its product or services, but strongly related to the way it services
its existing customers and the reputation it creates within and across the
marketplace.Customer retention is more than giving the customer what they
expect, its about exceeding their expectations so that they become loyal advocates

for your brand. Retention concerns in online education are often related to the
higher attrition rates in fully online programs. Student retention in fully online
programs can be done by as follow;
1. Student Support and Student Connection with the Institution
2. Quality of Interaction between Faculty and Students
3. Student Self-discipline
4.

, Focus on Formative Assessment

1. Student Support and Student Connection with the Institution:

The need for a range of student support services as a priority concern that
influenced student retention in fully online programs, which might suggest that in
fully online program. Eg; providing students the facility to add and drop any course,
providing tuition fees through online and also giving an option to make partial
payment, online preregistration facilities, contact through email or over the phone
for any related problems etc.
2. Quality of Interaction between Faculty and Students:
Students need to receive adequate and ongoing support from institution in all areas
(financial aid, academic, counseling, tutoring). Student satisfaction in online
programs can be significantly impacted by perceived interaction in the online
environment. Student-instructor interactions enhance student retention, selfmotivation, and pass rates. Instructor response time and ongoing presence and
activity in online courses also influencing student retention.
3. Student Self-discipline:
The ability for students to self-regulate has a high influence on student retention in
online programs. In online education, the view that instructors deliver knowledge to
learners has been replaced with the idea that students become more responsible for
their own learning, the tenet is that students taking responsibility for their own
learning helps promote authentic and meaningful learning.
To make our online education program effective we will highlight on the following
points to retain the students;

4 , Focus on Formative Assessment he former gives one feedback that can be used to
improve the patients well-being or the learners progress toward meeting the course goals. This
can help to get the feedback that helps learners discover how they are progressing toward one or

more goals. It also allows students to use the feedback to improve and refine their work, rather
than simply accumulate points that count toward an overall grade or certificate.

Proper expectations will be set for students regarding online courses and
programs from the start of admission or enrollment into a fully online
program.

AIUB will have mandatory student orientations and training processes prior to
students first online course.
More student support services will be provided for online students, including
access to online enrollment and admission counseling, initially. Services such
as tutoring and financial aid counseling should be readily available for
students throughout their programs.
Students will be provided with guidance or counseling to improve selfdiscipline, including time-management skills.
AIUB will have mechanisms in place to help identify at-risk students early in a
program. And remediation should be readily, if not systematically, available
to struggling students.
Students will be better screened for proper fit for online programs prior to
enrollment. Computer access and literacy, as well as self-discipline aspects
should be assessed during the admissions process.
AIUB will monitor instructor response time and on-going presence in online
courses in order to better identify potential performance issues and
professional development opportunities for online instructors.

Design is where the previous two elements can be achieved. We might have all of
these value-added features on our website but if they are not easy to find by the
user, they might as well not be there. If you are adding value by reducing queuing,
it's going to be negated if the site is too slow. Design also encompasses security and
reliability. We will provide user friendly features on the web page so that students
can easily identify there required information and also provide them the facility to
provide their feedback to us regarding the webpage.

Marketing the website is also important. Many students will not like to go for
distance learning through computers and might not trust the Internet. Many will
believe that the intuition is trying to save money by cutting corners. So for good
marketing we will show that the website will make online education better for them.
If the website is marketed correctly and then the customer logs on to an easy-to-use
website, finding new useful features when they are there, then they will be satisfied
and their custom will be retained.

2. Select a product and brand that you use frequently and list the
benefits you receive from using it. Without disclosing your list,
ask a fellow student/friend/relative (preferably, a person of the
opposite gender) who uses a different brand in this product
category to make a similar list for his or her brand. Compare the
two lists and identify the implications for using benefit
segmentation to market the two brands.

Benefit segmentation is a technique that segments customers on the basis of

desired or sought benefits. These benefits, when they are present as attributes of a
product, service or market offering, cause consumers to purchase those products,
rather than merely describe who they are as consumers in terms of socioeconomic,
demographical or psychographical data. Benefit segmentation offers more utility
than the traditional methods because it explains the reasons why consumers
choose to buy or prefer particular products, or patronise particular suppliers or
providers of services.
Segments of consumers, in terms of benefits they seek, are established as an ex
post rather than an a priori theory of consumption and/or buying behaviour. A
marketer no longer has to guess which stimulus might induce consumers to try or
buy a particular product. If a grocer knows older customers seek worryfree
shopping for healthy produce, that grocer can expect older customers to visit the

grocery when the factors that worry them have been removed, and the presence of
desired benefits has been communicated to them.

I found so in my first week of experience with the iPhone 4. I could say that I was
impressed with the power of the iPhone 4. The Retina display was a break through
and is so beautiful. It was the highest resolution of its time.

So here are the most important features you will find in an iPhone 4:

High Definition Video (720P HD):

I started taking some videos and pictures using the 5 Mega Pixel camera and I am
amazed of the quality of both the video and the still pictures of the iPhone 4. I
upgraded from an iPhone 3GS and I still see the big jump from the iPhone 3GS to
the iPhone 4 in both power and performance.

At 30 frame per second, the captured HD video is so colorful and crisp that you
won't be able to tell the video was shot from a cell phone camera. Then, connecting
the iPhone to a High Definition TV through the iPhone video out is great for watching
your recorded HD video. You can use component AV cables or an iPhone HDMI
adapter for best quality video output.

On the other hand, you can display your recorded HD video from your iPhone 4 to
your HDTV wirelessely using Air Play if you have iOS 4.3 or above and an Apple TV.
The video quality using any of those methods is impressive on a big TV.

Turn on the iPhone 4 camera flash on and offWith the iPhone 4 video camera, most
people will be satisfied with the video capture quality that I think most people will
not need to carry a dedicated video camera any more.

Moreover, the iPhone 4 is built in flash which is great for shooting video in dark
areas.

To turn on the flash light, simply tap the "Auto" button at the top left corner, and
then tap "On" as shown in the picture.

The quality of those footage in dark is very good. The flash is definitely one of the
best iPhone 4 features that even many dedicated camcorders don't have.

You can also shoot videos with the front facing camera. Simply tap the button at the
top right corner to switch between front and rear camera. The front camera,
however, has less quality capture and is designed for iPhone video chat with
FaceTime.

5MP Still Pictures Camera:

Still pictures taken in day light with the iPhone 4 are amazing with a nice and quick
shutter. You can take great looking pictures of even moving objects without blur
during the day.

iPhone 4 still picture with moving object

I was specially impressed with the iPhone flash light for still pictures. The addition of
a flash is definitely one of the greatest iPhone 4 features. It makes the iPhone 4
camera usable in almost any light condition. I took the below picture in a completely
dark room with no lights and using only the iPhone 4 flash.

iPhone 4 flash

The below picture is one of best shots I took although I am not a professional
photographer. There is so much details in the picture taken below, that I didn't
realize there is an ant inside the flower until I started zooming in and finding more
details in the picture.

iPhone 4 camera impressive picture quality

The picture below shows an ant after I zoomed in inside the flower. This will give you
an idea of the level of details the iPhone camera has.

The iPhone 4 still camera can take really nice still pictures.

Also visit the iPhone camera accessories to learn about available lenses and
accessories for the iPhone camera.
Front Facing Camera:

The front facing camera is a cool iPhone 4 featureThe front facing camera allows
you to take a picture or a video of your self. It is an interesting iPhone 4 features
that with the use of FaceTime or other third party applications, you will be able to
establish a video call with your buddies.

Although FaceTime is only enabled over wifi, there are already many iPhone hacks
like 3GUnrestrictor that allows video chatting over 3G.

iPhone video chat with other video chatting applications like Skype, Yahoo
Messenger, and Tango are available in the App Store, and they allow video chatting
over 3G.

You can video chat with friends who are using Android phones or even, Mac or PC.
You can use the front facing camera to take a still picture or video by tapping the
button at the bottom right corner. The front camera picture quality is not as high as
the rear 5 Mega Pixel camera, but it is definitely a plus to have in the iPhone 4.

Bluetooth Control:

One of the coolest iPhone 4 features is that you are able to control the volume of
any connected iPhone bluetooth speaker or headsets. With the iPhone 3GS and iOS
3, the volume control was missing when you connect a bluetooth speaker as you
can see in the picture on the left below.

The iPhone 3GS lack bluetooth volume control where iPhone 4 allows you to control
the volume of your connected bluetooth speaker from a distanceThe volume control
of bluetooth devices is one of the coolest iPhone 4 features.

To turn volume up or down with older OS 3 on an iPhone 3GS, you had to go to the
connected iPhone bluetooth speaker, and then turn the volume up or down from the
speaker itself. The volume control was not available on the screen.

With the iPhone 4 and iOS 4, this is corrected as you can see from the picture on the
right above. You will have the ability to turn the volume up or down from your
iPhone 4 itself which is one of the cool iPhone 4 features I found. This is specially
helpful when you have an iPhone bluetooth headset connected where you can't
reach the volume buttons on the headset.

The iPhone Retina display:

The retina display is simply amazing and is the best iPhone 4 feature. I just can't
stop looking at the screen. I can read text as small as they can be. I can challenge
my friends that I could read the smallest text in a website. And if you can't read it,
you can simply use a magnifying glass!. The text are so clear and fine that it is
almost like reading from a printed magazine.

Looking at the iPhone 4 display and then looking at my iPhone 3GS display or an
older smart phone screen is just like watching HD TV vs. a regular tube TV.

The iPhone Battery:

The battery of the iPhone 4 is so good, that it is not necessary to charge it every
day any more when compared to the iPhone 3GS. I stream video, watch TV shows,
make phone calls, and listen to music, while the battery is great and still has some
juice by the end of the day.

Physically, the iPhone 4 battery is bigger than the iPhone 3GS which makes it last
longer. You can add to that the more efficient Apple A4 processor and the optimized
iOS. Battery life is a great iPhone 4 feature.

iOS 4 Multitasking:

iPhone 4 features and multitasking dockOne of the most desired and requested
iPhone 4 features was multitasking.

The iPhone 4 came with iOS 4 which solves this problem and adds a great
multitasking feature.

When you close an iPhone application, it will now go to a sleep mode and stay still
in the background. To see or switch between those running applications, simply
double press your home button.

A task switcher dock will appear at the bottom. In this task dock, you will see all
your recently opened iPhone applications. When you tap on any of those
applications in the dock, it will open instantly and get you to where you left exactly.

iPhone 4 features, multitasking with iOS 4 task switcherMusic applications like Last
FM, Pandora, or other iPhone audio applications will continue playing music when
you tap the home button.

The music will stay playing in the background while you can open another
application like iPhone safari, or iPhone mail.

To kill or quit any of the running iPhone applications, first double press the home
button to activate the task switcher dock.

Then, tap and hold on any running application in the dock. The iPhone icons in the
dock will start wiggling. Now you can tap the little minus (-) sign to completely close
the application.

Visit the iOS task switcher page to learn about some cool iPhone System Tricks to
resolve some of the multitasking and the task switcher issues.

iPhone 4 Micro SIM card:

One of the new iPhone 4 features is the reduced size SIM slot. Due to the compact
size of the iPhone 4, Apple had to switch to a micro SIM card. The iPhone 4 uses a
micro SIM card which is smaller than the regular iPhone SIM card.

iPhone 4 features, convert micro sim card to SIM cardThis change doesn't really add
any value to the iPhone 4 itself, but creates some issues for people with other
phones with full size sim card.

You will not be able to simply swap sim cards with other phones specially if you
have an unlocked phone.

You can simply trim the big SIM card down to a Micro SIM card size, and there are
kits that are available on the internet to help you do that.

Once you have a micro sim card in place, it is easy to go back to a full size sim card
by using a converter tray or a SIM card adapter as shown in the picture.
Apple iPhone 5 vs. Samsung Galaxy S4: And the Winner Is
By Mark Spoonauer, LAPTOP Editor in Chief | May 17, 2013 02:44 PM EDT

iphone5_galaxys4_faceoff_sf

The rivalry between Apple and Samsung has mushroomed into an all-out war, and
the brands flagship smartphones are its most deadly weapons. On one side, you
have the iPhone 5, a device thats Zen-like in its simplicity but also very swift and
light on its feet. And on the other side, you have the Galaxy S4, which hopes to
overwhelm Apple with a bigger screen and a steady barrage of features.

Yes, Samsungs phone is shinier and newer, but that doesnt mean its necessarily
the best choice. We pit the iPhone 5 against the latest Galaxy S4 in 11 hard-fought
battles to determine which device reigns supreme.

UPDATE: Check out our iPhone 5S vs. Galaxy S4 Face-off and see how Apples latest
smartphone compares.
Design

Design 1

Even several months after its debut, the iPhone 5 remains a status symbol. Were
talking a glass-and-aluminum beauty thats incredibly light (3.9 ounces), yet solid.

The polished chamfered edges, precision- cut speakers and even the button feel are
all pretty much perfect. Apples device is also easy to use with one hand, whereas
the Galaxy S4 can be a stretch to reach across the screen with your thumb.

Design-3a

The Galaxy S4 has a more pedestrian plastic aesthetic, but its certainly an
improvement over the S3. The polycarbonate chassis has a sturdier, denser feel
than its predecessor. We like the dot pattern on the back of the black version, which
looks more sophisticated than the white model. Remove the back something you
cant do on the iPhone 5 and youll have access to the replaceable battery and
microSD Card slot.

Design 3

The S4 is fairly light for a 5-inch phone, weighing 4.6 ounces and measuring 0.25
inches thick. Thats thinner than the 0.3-inch iPhone 5. However, the S4 is
significantly taller and wider. As a result, we found ourselves having to shift the
device in our hand to move from the power button to the home button.

Winner: iPhone 5. While we appreciate the removable back cover on the Galaxy S4
and how light it is given its large display, the iPhone 5 offers a far more elegant,
striking and user-friendly design.
Display

Display 2

Size isnt everything, but it definitely helps that the Galaxy S4 has an inch on the
iPhone 5. The 5-inch Super AMOLED display makes the iPhones 4-inch LCD look
relatively cramped. For instance, text on Laptopmag.com was easier to read using
the S4 without needing to zoom in, and the phone displayed an additional headline
and blurb. In addition, watching movies and video clips felt more immersive on the
S4, such as the Man of Steel trailer.

The S4 also has a leg up on the iPhone 5 in terms of resolution, offering 1920 x
1080 pixels or 441 pixels per inch. The iPhone 5 offers a fairly sharp picture at 1136
x 640 pixels, but it trails the S4 with 326 ppi.

MORE: The Biggest Smartphones in the World

When we looked at the same full HD image of The Man of Steel, we could make
out finer mesh details in Supermans new uniform on the S4, and his red cape
popped more. We also appreciated the greater contrast in his face, which made the
Son of Kryptons cleft chin more pronounced. The iPhone 5s image was brighter
with a cooler color cast.

Where the S4 falls behind the iPhone 5 is brightness. Apples handset registered 535
lux on our light meter, compared with 446 lux for the Galaxy S4. When viewed
outdoors, the S4s display was harder to read, especially in direct sunlight.

Display1

Winner: Galaxy S4. While iPhone 5s screen is easier to read outdoors, the Galaxy
S4s display wins because of its size and resolution advantage, as well as its better
contrast.
Audio

Audio_section_sf

The back-mounted speaker on the Galaxy S4 doesnt look like much, but it delivers
a pretty good punch. Whether we were playing the Lumineers Ho Hey, or
Pumped Up Kicks from Foster the People, we could easily hear the S4 from across
a medium-size office. We had to strain a bit more to hear the iPhone 5, though its
dual speakers offer a warmer, richer tone. However, its easier to muffle the sound
on the iPhone 5 when playing games in Landscape Mode because its speakers are
on the bottom of the phone.

Winner: Samsung Galaxy S4. Samsungs device offers louder sound and better
speaker placement.
Interface

If youve ever used an iPhone or iPod touch, the iPhone 5s interface will be instantly
familiar and intuitive. The device uses the same icon-driven UI as its predecessors,
complete with the ability to easily create folders by dragging and dropping app
shortcuts on top of each other. Its not exciting, but it works.

Swiping down from the top of the screen reveals Notification Center, where you can
see the latest weather conditions, upcoming appointments, scrolling stocks, and
alerts for apps such as email and Twitter. We also like the dedicated Tap to Tweet
and Tap to Post (Facebook) buttons at the top of Notification Center.

MORE: 10 Best Android Apps You Should Be Using

Another highlight of the iPhones interface is Spotlight search, made accessible by

swiping right while on the first home screen. Here you can search almost anything
that might be on your phone: apps, emails, messages, contacts, calendar entries,
media, notes and reminders. Google search on the S4 is more limited, letting us find
apps, contacts and media, but not individual messages or appointments.

Interface_apple_sf_a

The Galaxy S4s TouchWiz interface lets you do a lot more in less taps. For instance,
when you swipe down from the top, you can toggle everything from Wi-Fi and
Bluetooth to special features like Air Gesture and Smart Scroll. You can even
customize which quick setting buttons appear at the top of the notification panel.
We also love the brightness slider control in this panel, a setting thats buried on the
iPhone.

The S4s customization advantage extends to the lock screen, where you can set
your own unlock shortcuts to specific apps. The iPhone 5 limits you to the camera or
any app that pushes a notification to the lock screen.

The fact that the S4 has separate home screens and app screens will be confusing
to potential iPhone switchers, but we do like the prominent weather widget on the
main home screen, and you can add your own. The iPhone 5 lacks widgets.

The S4 really outshines the iPhone when it comes to multitasking. While the iPhone
5 sticks to the same old double-tap-to-see-icons at the bottom of the screen for
switching apps, the S4 gives users a live preview when you long-press the home
button.

Even better, long-pressing the back button presents a Multi Window Menu, enabling
you to run two apps on the S4s screen at the same time. For instance, you can
check your Facebook feed while scanning your inbox or watching a YouTube video.

Interface_samsung_sf_a

Winner: Samsung Galaxy S4. Yes, the iPhone 5 is easier to use, but the Galaxy S4s
faster access to settings, widget support and superior multitasking make Samsungs
device a lot more versatile.
Keyboard

Long the gold standard of touch-screen keyboards, the iPhone 5s layout is simple
and effective. Despite having a smaller screen than the Galaxy S4, we typed quickly
and accurately. We noticed less lag on the iPhone versus Samsungs layout.

However, only the S4 offers a dedicated number row, which makes it a lot easier to
enter passwords. You can also long-press multiple letters to enter symbols without
toggling to a separate menu, from & to punctuation.

keyboard_comparison

The S4 pulls ahead even further with the help of SwiftKey, whose technology powers
Samsungs keyboard. The phone offers next word predictions, which speeds up text
entry, as well as trace typing, which makes it easier to peck out that message with
one hand. Plus, only the S4 offers haptic feedback. Last but not least, voice typing is
a lot faster on the Samsung because it works offline. Siri does not.

Winner: Samsung Galaxy S4. A dedicated number row and smart word prediction
gives Samsung the win in this round.
Camera

On the feature front, the S4s camera wipes the floor with the iPhone 5. While
Apples device keeps things simple with Panorama and HDR, the S4 offers a
multitude of options to make picture-taking more fun and convenient.

Samsungs phone features a Drama Shot Mode for action shots, an Eraser Mode for
eradicating photo bombers and a Dual Shot Mode for using the front and back
cameras at the same time, great for inserting yourself in a picture postcard. We
really like how easy Samsung makes it to switch camera modes, complete with
helpful descriptions.

Camera_S4

Other camera options unique to the S4 is an Auto Night Mode for low-light shots,
Best Face for creating the optimal group shot, Animated photo for animating parts
of the picture and slow and fast motion video.

In terms of photo quality, the iPhone 5 impressed us more, despite the fact that its
camera offers less resolution that the Galaxy S4 (8 MP versus 13 MP). In one test
shot of a fountain, the S4 blew out details that the iPhone 5 picked up, such as the
darker flecks in the stone at the front edge of the fountain, as well as where the
water drops landed. The iPhones shot also offered better contrast.

Camera_Comaprison

In another shot taken of flowers, the iPhone 5s image produced more detail in the
petals and richer colors. However, the Galaxy S4s shot was brighter and more
evenly lit, especially toward the roots. In another close-up shot of a stone pot, the
S4s image delivered more detail while the iPhone 5 seemed to have more trouble
dealing with the sun (off to the left).

Indoors, a shot taken of the Sesame Street character Grover and some other
objects on a shelf looked sharper on the iPhone, but the S4s image had more
accurate colors. The white background looked a bit yellow on the iPhone 5.

For our final still image comparison, we shot the same painting indoors in low light
both with and without the flash (in Auto Mode). The iPhone 5 won both contests,
thanks to a brighter low-light image and a crisper shot taken with the flash
engaged.

Camera_Low-Light_Comparison

Last but not least, we shot the same footage of New York City traffic with both
phones in 1080p mode. While the S4s footage looked brighter, the iPhone 5s clip
was less shaky and offered more detail, such as the dents in a passing van.

Winner: Draw. The iPhone 5 generally takes better looking photos, but the Galaxy S4
lets you get more creative with its wide array of features.
Specs and Performance

Samsung comes to this fight armed with Qualcomms latest quad-core 1.9-GHz
Snapdragon 600 processor and 2GB of RAM, while the iPhone 5 packs Apples 1.3GHz A6 processor and 1GB of RAM.

To gauge the performance of these two smartphones, we first ran Geekbench 2,

which measures processor and memory performance. The iPhone 5 scored 1,660,
compared with the Galaxy S4s 3,177. So Samsungs flagship is nearly twice as fast
on this test.

On Passmark, which evaluates everything from CPU and disk performance to

memory and 2D and 3D graphics, the iPhone 5 scored a higher 3,874 versus 3,414
for the Galaxy S4. To be fair, though, Passmark hasnt been optimized for the iPhone
5s larger screen, so it ran in a smaller window. In other words, the test likely wasnt
as taxing as it could have been.

MORE: 10 Must-Have Apps for 2013

We then measured graphics performance using the intense GFXBench app for both
Android and iOS. On the T-Rex HD Offscreen Fixed timestep test, which measures
framerates during an animated scene of a T. rex chasing someone riding a
motorbike through the jungle, the S4 notched 15 fps, compared with 6.6 fps for the
iPhone 5.

Benchmark_GFX

The iPhone 5 fared better on the Web-based Sunspider 1.0 JavaScript test, scoring
873.7 milliseconds. The S4 was well behind at 1364.5 ms. Lower scores are better in
this test.

Benchmark_SunSpider

In everyday usage, the iPhone 5 proved to be the snappier performer. For instance,
the iPhone 5 was faster when unlocking both phones to the camera app, as well as
opening an app like email. We also noticed that the Galaxy S4 was slower to pop up
the keyboard when we tapped a text field, such as the address bar in the browser.
However, the two devices were neck and neck when exiting an app to the home
screen (once we disabled the S Voice shortcut for the Home button).

So what about storage? The Galaxy S4 has an advantage on paper because it offers
a microSD Card slot for expansion, which the iPhone 5 lacks. On the other hand, all
of the S4s features take up a fair amount of room out of the box. About 8.49GB of
16GB is available to the user, or 55 percent, while the iPhone 5 gives buyers 77
percent of its available memory. And while you can get up to 80GB with a memory
card on the S4, it cant be used for apps.

Winner: Draw. Within applications, youll enjoy the Galaxy S4s quad-core
advantage, but the iPhone 5 exhibits considerably less lag when navigating the
device.
Special Features

With iOS 6, the iPhone 5 gained some new capabilities (at least for Apple fans),
starting with the addition of Facebook integration. Its a cinch to share articles,
photos and more with your favorite social network. Speaking of sharing, Shared
Photo Streams creates a mini social network of sorts for swapping photos with close
friends and family, complete with integrated comments.

Features_iPhone5_a

Siri also gets an IQ boost with the addition of sports scores and stats, as well as
movie info. For instance, we asked about movie reviews for Iron Man 3, and Siri
returned the Rotten Tomatoes score. Through a partnership with OpenTable, Siri will
even let you book a table at that restaurant youve been dying to try.

Other iOS 6 features arent as fulfilling. Apple Maps, for example, doesnt offer
transit directions within the app; instead, it directs you to third-party apps. Passbook
is marginally useful, aggregating loyalty cards, boarding passes and other items for
easy access, but it lacks mobile payment functionality (at least for now).

The Galaxy S4 runs circles around the iPhone 5 when it comes to features, starting
with how you interact with the device. Air Gestures lets you flip through photos or
answer the phone just by waving your hand in front of the S4 (though you have to
be close to the screen). With Smart Scroll, you can also scroll through a Web article

just by tilting the device in your hand or tilting your head. This worked most of the
time, but proved finicky at others.

Features_iPhone5

Air View is a pretty nifty feature on the S4, which enables you to preview content
(such as an email) by hovering your finger just above the display.

With the WatchOn app, the S4 leverages its built-in IR blaster to control your TV. The
app also recommends shows you may want to watch, and even integrates with
services like Netflix.

Still not impressed with the S4s versatility? It also offers S Translate for translating
multiple languages (speech and text) and an S Health app for keeping track of your
fitness.

Winner: Samsung Galaxy S4. Samsungs flagship phone has so many features, this
round isnt even close.
Apps and Content

Samsung is getting serious about competing with iTunes by offering its own
Samsung Hub. From one place, you can buy music, video, books and games with
your Samsung account. As youd expect, you can rent or buy flicks such as Guilt
Trip and Jack Reacher for $5.99 or $14.99.

Apps_Content

Still, the iTunes store offers a much deeper selection of content. For example, the
Samsung store was missing the top two New York Times Bestsellers that iTunes
stocked during our testing, David Baldaccis The Hit and Nora Roberts Whiskey
Beach. The Hub was also missing Lady Antebellums new Golden album.

Apps_iPhone5

On the app front, the Google Play store stocks more than 700,000 apps (some for
tablets, but most for phones), compared with more than 475,000 apps for the
iPhone. However, numbers arent everything. Because of developer support, the
iPhone tends to get some of the most compelling apps first, such Vine, Tempo (a
great calendar app), Infinity Blade 2, Dark Sky and Mailbox. All of these are
exclusive to iOS, at least for now.

However, some Android apps demonstrate that Googles platform lets you go
further in terms of customizing your device, such as the Chat Heads feature in the
new Facebook app, and the multitude of Launcher apps.

Winner: iPhone 5. The combination of iTunes huge content head start and the fact
that many of the hottest apps hit iOS first make the iPhone 5 the winner of this
round.
Battery Life

battery_life_sf

Its a good thing the Galaxy S4s battery is replaceable. Thus far, weve tested both
the Sprint and AT&T versions of Samsungs flagship, and its 2,600 mAh battery
hasnt impressed.

On the LAPTOP Battery Test, which involves continuous Web surfing over 4G LTE on
40 percent brightness, the Sprint version of the S4 lasted 5 hours and 49 minutes,
which is below the 6:06 smartphone average. On Power Saver Mode, which throttles
the CPU and ramps down other settings, the S4 lasted 6:05. We saw slightly worse
results from the AT&T version of this phone, with respective runtimes of 5:13 and
5:54.

MORE: 10 Smartphones with the Longest Battery Life

On the same test using the Verizon version of the iPhone 5, we saw 7 hours and 13
minutes of endurance, or more than an hour longer. Granted, the iPhone 5 doesnt
have a removable battery, but there are at least a half dozen battery extender
cases available for those looking for more juice.

Winner: iPhone 5. Apples device lasts considerably longer on a charge.

Accessories

Accessories_SamsungS4This round used to be a walk in the park for the iPhone, but
now lots of companies are tapping into Samsungs growing market share. For
instance, there are already dozens of cases available for the Galaxy S4. Samsungs
own Flip View Cover is pretty neat because it lets you glance at alerts and other
vital info without opening the cover.

Other compelling options include an extra battery charging kit (great for keeping a
spare handy), a wireless charging cover and pad, and a waterproof S Band that
syncs with the S4s S Health app to keep tabs on your sleep and fitness. Samsung
will also sell a heart rate monitor and scale to go with S Health.

Best Buy, for example, lists 64 accessories for the Galaxy S4, including screen
protectors, car chargers, holsters with kickstands, HDMI adapters, armband cases
and more. Of course, the S4 works with any Bluetooth speakers or headphones.

Accessories_iphone5

Partly because the iPhone 5 has been available longer and partly because of Apples
larger ecosystem, there are tons of accessories available for this device. Best Buy
lists 323 accessories, about triple the amount for the S4. The iPhone 5s universe of
options includes everything from cases and camera add-on lenses to car mounts
and stands.

Winner: Draw. While Apple and its partners offer more options for the iPhone 5, you
can already find practically everything you need to trick out your Galaxy S4 from
Samsung itself or through third parties. And a lot more stuff is on the way.
Overall

winner_sf

The decision between an iPhone 5 and Galaxy S4 comes down to a few factors. If
you prefer a bigger screen, going with Samsungs phone is an easy call, as it makes
everything from surfing the Web and playing games more enjoyable. Plus, unlike
Apples device, you can even run two apps on the display at once.

The Galaxy S4 also trumps the iPhone 5 in the features department. Some of its
capabilities come off as gimmicky, such as scrolling with your eyes, but others can
come in quite handy, such as Air Gestures, S Health and TV remote functionality. We
also love all of the fun camera features, even though we prefer the iPhones picture
quality.

The iPhone 5 has a lot of the same advantages now as when we did our last face-off
between the iPhone 5 and Galaxy S III. Apples device offers a better design, a
brighter display and snappier performance when navigating the device. Theres less
lag here. The iPhone 5 also lasts longer on a charge (though it lacks a removable
battery) and has a better selection of content and apps.

table_winner_sh

Overall, we give the edge to the Galaxy S4 because its a smartphone that just does
a lot more out of the box; it feels like a more complete user experience. Now its up
to Apple to catch up with iOS 7 and its next iPhone.

3. Does your lifestyle differ significantly from your parents

lifestyle? If so, how are the two lifestyles different? What factors
cause these differences?
Answer: Lifestyle is the typical way of life of an individual, group, or culture. Its the
habits, attitudes, tastes, moral standards, economic level, etc., that together
constitute the mode of living of an individual or group. My lifestyle is quite different
from that of my parents. There is no doubt that every generation is different in
many ways from the previous ones.

How the two lifestyles are differ

Every generation has different values, goals and lifestyle. If I compare my parents
generation with my generation I would see a lot of differences because problems,
technology and ideology surrounded have a strong influence over peoples minds.
In my opinion, my generation is more advocated towards health and
communications issues than my parents generation.
However in my country, which is a developing country in the South East Asia, the
gap between my generation and that of my parents is so vast compared to the gaps
between earlier generations. This is due to the effects of technological
advancement and the globalization. However these vast differences often put
ourselves in difficult situations when we try to come into terms with our parents on
many issues.
Mainly I am more hopeful about tomorrow and look forward to new opportunities,
while the parents have high hopes for me and view the entire world through me and
my accomplishments in life. The personalities are differing probably, to a certain
extent they do, but not essentially. being different means having different tastes in
music or ways to spend leisure time, than we are different, since we have entirely
opposite views on music, films and pastimes.

On the other hand, I do not think that cultural and time specifics matter greatly in
identification of peculiarities. Of course, we act in different ways, have opposite
views on some things, particularly my life and how it should be lived, but it is mainly
conditioned by age, rather than difference in personality.

Accept differences.

Differences in communication styles

Lifestyle choices of the adult child

The way grandkids are being raised

Political and religious differences

The employment status of the adult child

How the household is run and maintained

When the priorities are concerned my parents were more family oriented and had
their highest priorities set for the family. However the priorities today have taken a
dramatic move from what they were earlier. Most of us have high priorities for our
career advancement irrespective of gender difference. In many families both the
husband and wife are employed and they equally struggle to have a balance
between work and family life. The wives are not so dependent on their husbands for
financial assistance and have relatively higher social profiles to their mothers. For
example, the women today spend both money and time at the saloons on vanity in
contrast to their mothers who never bothered about such things. However, this
change of priorities has demanded the modern couples to seek outside assistance
to manage their family life. Day care centers, Paid domestic assistance and Fast
Food Restaurants are very good examples for such help. However we have to admit
that the strength of the relationships within the family and also with extended
families have relatively deteriorated today.

Our ideas, attitudes and perceptions too have changed dramatically. My parents
were very conventional thinkers who were reluctant to challenge the existing social
and cultural norms. However we are more rebellious in our attitudes and are not
scared to do things out of the box. For example, in the earlier generation the
divorces were discouraged by the society itself. If you were a divorcee you had to
undergo so much social pressure. Today we are not concerned about how others
view our actions. If we feel that the divorce is the best option to solve the issue we

would not hesitate to go for it. And the today's society does not look down upon
divorcees.

These differences are so common in the tastes too. My generation has overly
embraced the western influence in all forms of art to which there is a strong
opposition from the earlier generation. My parents are admires of local traditional
art forms and fear about the future of their existence. These traditional art forms
are no doubt are very rich in their value and are essential features in our culture.
Therefore there is much validity in their fears and it is the responsibility of our
generation to be thoughtful of certain adverse effects of globalization on our society
and culture.
My generation spends more free time in different ways than my parents
generation. In the earlier generation they used to have time to get involved in
recreational activities, like playing sports, talking to friends or going to a park.
Nowadays my generation spends a lot of time in front of the computer or watching
TV, and they do not like doing activities that my parents generation used to do. If
we talk about their contribution to humankind, the list would never end. The first
and foremost contribution of our parents' generation is, they kept our historical and
religious value fresh and acknowledged us about aspects of it.
The present generation is more familiar with the modern technology than my
parents generation. The advancement of technology has emphasized the
differences between generations and can be considered the main reason for this
change. For instance, we can send an email, buy things or check our bank account
from our house which saves money and time.
In conclusion, I think that both generations way of life have advantages and
disadvantages. I prefer some things from the earlier generation but I know that
technological advancement has improved our life. Therefore, I cannot decide which
generation is better off.

Factors cause these differences

As generations come and go, they each possess individual values, attitudes, and
goals that strike them apart from other generations. A gap has always been noted
between the current generation and the others before it. Acting like a barrier, it
keeps the different generations distinct. A number of factors plays a role in the
creation of this barrier. The previous generations have played a big role in shaping
the newest generation by offering more help to them. Also, my generation seems to
have developed a different attitude about life and themselves. Lastly, open

mindedness is easily seen among my generation. These numerous aspects all make
up
my
generation
and
how
they
live
today.
What factors cause these differences?
Work hard and struggle to earn a nice Life: My generation has received
more help from the previous generation than they received when they were
my age. People from the previous generation did not get things handed out to
them. They had to work hard and struggle to earn a nice life. Now since they
have achieved this and have the ability to make life easier for their future
generations, they provide help for my generation so they would not have to
go through the same hardships they had to endure.
New and improved technology: Also, new and improved technology that
has been developed from previous generations has helped my generation
tremendously. With tools such as computers, the internet and cell phones,
finding new information and communication have been easier than ever. And
lastly, previous generations did not have the scholarship opportunities that
my generation has today. This also put them at a disadvantage and made
them work harder to achieve their aspirations. My generation definitely has it
easier and has more opportunities to succeed than the previous generations;
however this has caused a difference in attitude among my generation also.

Changes in lifestyle: Our lifestyle has changed considerably. In the

my parents used to visit their relatives and they used to make their own
The present generation lives in a hurry, we usually eat in fast
restaurants and we work long hours. In addition, the goals of people
changed.

past,
food.
food
have

Attitude about life is very unique My generation's attitude about life is

very unique compared to other generations' attitude. Laziness, selfishness,
and greed have infected my generation. Since the previous generations have
made life so much easier for us, many do not truly appreciate it and take it
for granted. Many members of my generation are entirely self-focused. They
only care about what they want and how soon they can get it. Many lack the
value of hard work and achievement. It is rare to see someone genuinely
work hard for something and not expect it to be dished out to them. Also,
they have this mentality that they can do anything they want without
consequences or punishment. It seems many members of my generation are
under this false illusion. It may relate back to how the previous generation
has treated our generation today. It seems my generation today takes the

things the previous generation does for them for granted because they did
not have to earn it themselves. This attitude sets a distinction between my
generations and the others.
Open mindedness: The last key factor that makes my generation different
is their open mindedness. The older generation seems to be more closed
minded to different ideas and viewpoints, while my generation seems to
embrace them. The previous generations have stricter mindsets about sex,
while my generation is less uptight about it. Also my generation seems more
willing to accept ideas of homosexuality, while previous generations are
completely against it. Many members of the previous generations seem to be
against interracial relationships, while members of my generation do not see
anything wrong with it. The previous generation seems to stay strong to what
values they have learned and stick with them no matter what, while my
generation seems to question such values and learn to form opinions their
selves.

Differences between my generation and previous generations are made evident

through their different experiences, attitudes, and values. There will always be a
gap between my generation and the previous ones before it. Our ideals and
thoughts and are different from the previous generations and they are unable to
understand ours, like we are unable to understand theirs. Help my generation has
received in varies forms (monetary, technology, and opportunities) has made given
my generation have the most a better chance to do well in life than previous
generations. However, this help has also made my generation less grateful, and we
take more things for granted than the other generations. Lastly, our generation
seems to be more accepting of taboo ideas that previous generations have frowned
on. All of these elements show how my generation is evolving from the previous
generations and shows how different my generation is compared to the other
generations that came before us.

4. Find three advertisements that appeal to the needs for power,

affiliation, and achievement and discuss their effectiveness.
Achievement needs refer to those individuals who regard personal achievements as
a motivation goal. These types of individuals are good prospects for image products
and services like Armani and Rolex, do-it-yourself home improvement products and
advertising appeals like now try the best. Power needs relate to an individuals
desire to control others. Innovations targeting opinion leaders would fit this

category, as do ads that stress speed, control (e.g. over finances) etc. Affiliation
needs relate to the need for friendship, acceptance and belonging. Advertisements
that portray friendly or family situations aim to meet the need for affiliation.
Power needs relate to an individuals desire to control his or her environment, both
animate and inanimate. An automobile ad that stresses speed capability utilizes this
notion. Affiliation needs refer to the human need for friendship, for acceptance, and
for belonging. Advertisements for personal care products often suggest that use of
the advertised product will improve the users social lifethus fulfilling the need for
affiliation. Achievement needs refer to those individuals who regard personal
accomplishments as an end in itself. Such individuals are often good prospects for
do-it-yourself products and for such advertising appeals as we try harder.

Need to power.
A person's need for power (nPow) can be one of two types - personal and
institutional. Those who need personal power want to direct others, and this need
often is perceived as undesirable. Persons who need institutional power (also known
as social power) want to organize the efforts of others to further the goals of the
organization. People with a high need for institutional power tend to be more
effective than those with a high need for personal power.
This fundamental need is the craving to be powerful-perhaps omnipotent, as in the
Xerox ad where Brother Dominic exhibits heavenly powers and creates miraculous
copies. Most of us will settle for being just a regular potentate, though. We drink
Budweiser because it is the King of Beers, and here comes the powerful Clydesdales
to prove it. A taste of Wolfschmidt vodka and "The spirit of the Czar lives on."
The need to dominate and control one's environment is often thought of as being
masculine, but as close students of human nature advertisers know, it is not so
circumscribed.
Need for affiliation
Those with a high need for affiliation (nAff) need harmonious relationships with
other people and need to feel accepted by other people. They tend to conform to
the norms of their work group. High nAff individuals prefer significant personal
interaction. They perform well in customer service and client interaction
situations.The need to associate with others is widely invoked in advertising and is
probably the most prevalent appeal. All sorts of goods and services are sold by
linking them to our unfulfilled desires to be in good company.
Courtship may be swifter nowadays, but the desire for pair-bonding is far from
satiated. Ads reaching for this need commonly depict a youngish male and female
engrossed in each other The head of the male is usually higher than the female's,

even at this late date; she may be sitting or leaning while he is standing. They are
not touching in the Smirnoff vodka ads, but obviously there is an intimacy,
sometimes frolicsome, between them. The couple does touch for Cognac when "The
moment was Martell." For Wind Song perfume they have touched, and "Your Wind
Song stays on his mind."
Warm family feelings are fanned in ads when another generation is added to the
pair. Hallmark Cards brings grandparents into the picture, and Johnson and Johnson
Baby Powder has Dad, Mom, and baby, all fresh from the bath, encircled in arms
and emblazoned with "Share the Feeling." A talc has been fused to familial love.
Need to achieve.
People with a high need for achievement (nAch) seek to excel and thus tend to
avoid both low-risk and high-risk situations. Achievers avoid low-risk situations
because the easily attained success is not a genuine achievement. In high-risk
projects, achievers see the outcome as one of chance rather than one's own
efforchievers need regular feedback in order to monitor the progress of their
acheivements. They prefer either to work alone or with other high achievers.
This is the drive that energizes people, causing them to strive in their lives and
careers. According to Murray, the need for achievement is signalled by the desires
"to accomplish something difficult. To overcome obstacles and attain a high
standard. To excel one's self. To rival and surpass others." A prominent American
trait, it is one that advertisers like to hook on to because it identifies their product
with winning and success.
The Cutty Sark ad does not disclose that Ted Turner failed at his latest attempt at
yachting's America Cup; here he is represented as a champion on the water as well
as off in his television enterprises.If we drink this whiskey, we will be victorious
alongside Turner. We can also succeed with O.J. Simpson by renting Hertz cars, or
with Reggie Jackson by bringing home some Panasonic equipment. Cathy Rigby and
Stayfree Maxipads will put people out front.
Any product that advertises itself in superlatives-the best
trying to make contact with our needs to succeed. For many
bargains belong in this category of appeals, too; the person
something at fifty percent off is seizing an opportunity and
others.

the first the finest-is

consumers, sales and
who manages to buy
coming out ahead of

A productive understanding is that advertising messages involve costs and benefits

at both ends of the communications channel. For those few ads which do make
contact, the consumer surrenders a moment of time, has the lower brain curried,
and receives notice of a product; the advertiser has given up money and has
increased the chance of sales. In this sort of communications activity, neither party
can be said to be the loser.

5. How do your clothing preferences differ from those of your

friends? What personality traits might explain why your
preferences are different from those of other people?
Our personality influences everything we do, every way we think, and every aspect
of who we are and the way we react. The impact of our personality influences our
career choices, how we interact with our family, friends, and mates, how we dress,
our housekeeping habits, the car we drive, and even our hairstyles. Every choice we
make is both a reflection and reason of our personality.

Personality can be defined as the total characteristics that distinguish

an individual, especially his or her behavioral and emotional
tendencies.

Studies show that certain ways of dressing give clues about specific
personality traits.

people who wear very colorful clothing tend to be sociable

People who gain comfort from their clothes tend to have self-control
and confidence.

People who prefer economy in their clothes choices tend to be alert,

proficient, and precise.

Clothing does a lot more than cover our body. Our appreciation of clothing will be
broadened as you become more aware of the influences clothing has on you.
Throughout history, clothing has had great meaning. It has indicated peoples
handcraft skills, artistic imagination, and cultural rituals. It also reflected advances
in technology

Some of the most important factors that influence my clothing choices are values
and attitudes, tendencies toward conformity or individuality, and their personalities.
Developing my personal fashion style is a way to express my individuality and feel
empowered. Instead of blending in which i want people to know who am i and
what i stand for. Most people balance the influences of conformity and individuality
in their clothing. Their clothing choices depend upon their moods as well as different
settings and situations.
So, our clothes say a great deal about which we are and can signal a great deal of
socially important things to others, even if the impression is actually unfounded.

What personality traits might explain why your preferences are different
from those of other people?
Personality is generally described as the individual characteristics that individuals
display regarding the specific way they think, feel, and behave. Personalities make
us unique because of the varied traits that when put together, make a whole
person. It is our personality that makes us unique. It is our personality that defines
us, It is our personality that people notice. It is our personality that makes us
special. There are so many different personality traits, that the combination is what
makes us each unique Personality traits are the distinguishing characteristics of a
person by looking at person's general way of interacting, their behavior, and
thought patterns. The uniqueness of each of our personalities, which stem from the
patterns we display regarding our thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and reactions come
from many factors. The traits those are inherent in us. Personality traits that might
explain why our preferences are different from those of the others are;
a) Openness to experience: I think Appreciation for art, emotion, adventure,
unusual ideas, curiosity, and variety of experience. Openness reflects the
degree of intellectual curiosity, creativity and a preference for novelty and
variety a person has. It is also described as the extent to which a person is
imaginative or independent, and depicts a personal preference for a variety
of activities over a strict routine. Some disagreement remains about how to
interpret the openness factor, which is sometimes called "intellect" rather
than openness to experience.
b) Conscientiousness: I think a tendency to be organized and dependable,
show self-discipline, act dutifully, aim for achievement, and prefer planned
rather than spontaneous behavior.
c) Extraversion:
Those I think Energy, positive emotions, urgency,
assertiveness, sociability and the tendency to seek stimulation in the
company of others, and talkativeness.
d) Agreeableness: This is actually a tendency to be compassionate and
cooperative rather than suspicious and antagonistic towards others. It is also
a measure of one's trusting and helpful nature, and whether a person is
generally well tempered or not.
e) Neuroticism: The tendency to experience unpleasant emotions easily, such
as anger, anxiety, depression, and vulnerability. Neuroticism also refers to the
degree of emotional stability and impulse control and is sometimes referred
to by its low pole, "emotional stability".

In some work situations the preferences may be different. It can be challenging

when the way that I gather or analyze information, communicate ideas, or organize
my work is different from other colleagues..
There are also The Four Preferences for those I think preferences might be differing
from other. Those are:
i.

Extraversion and Introversion: When we talk about "extraversion" and

"introversion", we are distinguishing between the two worlds in which all of us
live. There is a world inside ourselves, and a world outside ourselves. When
we are dealing with the world outside of ourselves, we are "extroverting".
When we are inside our own minds, we are "introverting".

ii.

Sensing and Intuition: The "SN" preference refers to how we gather

information. We all need data on which to base our decisions. We gather data
through our five senses. Jung contended that there are two distinct ways of
perceiving the data that we gather. The "Sensing" preference absorbs data in
a literal, concrete fashion. The "Intuitive" preference generates abstract
possibilities from information that is gathered. We all use both Sensing and
Intuition in our lives, but to different degrees of effectiveness and with
different levels of comfort.

iii.

Thinking and Feeling: When Jung studied human behavior, he noticed that
people have the capability to make decisions based on two very different sets
of criteria: Thinking and Feeling. When someone makes a decision that is
based on logic and reason, they are operating in Thinking mode. When
someone makes a decision that is based on their value system, or what they
believe to be right, they are operating in Feeling mode. We all use both
modes for making decisions, but we put more trust into one mode or the
other. A "Thinker" makes decisions in a rational, logical, impartial manner,
based on what they believe to be fair and correct by pre-defined rules of
behavior. A "Feeler" makes decisions on the individual case, in a subjective
manner based on what they believe to be right within their own value
systems.

iv.

Judging and Perceiving: Judging and Perceiving preferences, within the

context of personality types, refers to our attitude towards the external world,
and how we live our lives on a day-to-day basis. People with the Judging
preference want things to be neat, orderly and established. The Perceiving
preference wants things to be flexible and spontaneous. Judgers want things
settled, Perceivers want thing open-ended.

So lastly I think I have these four preferences when even I do preference anything
from this four I take my preferences Thats why I think my preferences are different
from other people.