FIRST LAW OF

THERMODYNAMICS
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FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

2.1 Some Basic Definition
2.1.1 Systems and Environment
Chemical systems, is something or a substance
or mixture of substances that is limited by the
physical properties or conceptual properties can
be studied or be the center of attention. Beyond
or in addition to the system is called the
environment.

2.1.2 The state of system and equation

Circumstances
The state of the system can be defined as
properties that have a certain value when the
system is in equilibrium under certain
conditions.

2.1.3 The state Functions

The function of the state of nature every system that only depends on the initial
state and the final state.
One of the important properties of the differential state function is a total
differential (an exact differential). Some properties deferensial total is as follows:
1 If dz = z2 - z1, then the total differential dz is
2 If dz = 0, then the total differential dz is
3 Applicable Euler formula: if dz = M (x, y) dx + N (x, y) dy then

(2.1)
y

2.1.4 Changes in Circumstances

The way a system changes from one state to another
by a process commonly known. Processes that occur
in a system can be grouped into two kinds, namely:
first reversible process, a process which takes place
infinitely slow, so that each time the system is
always in a state of equilibrium (quasy-static = as if
static).Semua proses yang tidak memenuhi proses
reversibel disebut irreversibel.
H2O (l, 100 oC, 1 atm) H2O (g, 100 oC, 1 atm)

2.1.5 Calor
Calor usually denoted by q or Q, is a form of energy that
can be exchanged by the system and the environment
because of the temperature difference.
Q = + panas masuk ke sistem
- panas keluar dari sistem

Q
C =
T

C = nC = mc (2.3)

(2.2)

2.1.6 Work
Every form of energy that is not heat exchanged
between the system and the working environment
is called (w, W). Value of work, W, a negative
sign if the system does work, if the system
receives the work, W be a positive sign.
Kerja ekspansi satu langkah
Kerja ekspansi dua langkah
Ekspansi Reversibel

2.1.7 Kerja Kompresi

Compression work is the opposite of the
expansion work. This could mean that the
compression, the system receives from the
work environment so that the energy increases.
If the expansion process is reversible
maximum work obtained, then the reversible
compression process, the work received by the
system is a minimum of work.