PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES

Adjectives derive from verbs/verbs serve as adjectives

1. To form a noun phrase
The problem confuses the it is a confusing problem
children.
The story
children.

amuses

Present participle is used to

serve as an adjective with
active meaning.

the It is an amusing story

The students are confused They are confused students

by the problem.

Past participle is used to

serve as an adjective with
passive meaning

The children are amused by They are amused children

the story.

2. To reduce an adjective clause to an adjective phrase

The people who took part in The people taking part in the Present participle is used to
the riot were arrested
riot were arrested.
serve as an adjective with
active meaning.
The companies which
The companies producing
produce textile have been
textile have been forced to
forced to reduce production reduce production.
The person who was
The person arrested for drug Past participle is used to
arrested for drug abuse has abuse has been released serve as an adjective with
been released from the jail.
from the jail.
passive meaning.
The proposal which was
The proposal written by the
written by the student was
student was accepted by the
accepted by the Dean.
Dean
Suggested exercise: Betty Azhar 3rd edition p. 235 237, Understanding and Using English
Grammar.

Exercise
1. Newly (industrialize) _____ countries, such as Korea, have a great share in the world
market.
2. Multinationals (operate) _____ in host countries should be subject to the rules of the
local authorities.
3. Producers of primay products (discourage) _____ by the competition foreign syntetic
product, reduce their exports.
4. The governments invitation to promote export also includes recently (grow) ___
companies.
5. There were various food and drinks (offer) ____ to the (exhaust)____ members of the
research.
6. Similarly (interest) ____ with the book exhibition was the furnifair (hold) ___ at JCC.
7. With the change in management, employees find it difficult to adapt themselves to the
(restructure) ____ organization.
8. The poverty eradication program (introduce) ____ in 1993, has done much to improve
the condition of (under-develop) ____ villages in many parts of the country.
9. A number of prestigious hotels in Bali and Lombok cannot achieve the (estimate) ___
rate of room occupancy as a result of the (continue) ____ monetary crisis (begin) ___
few years ago.
10. Many people (deposit) ____ their money in one of the private banks (liquidate) ___ by
the government felt uncertain about getting their money back.