L THUYT M NHC C BN PHN 6

12. TONES AND SEMITONES (Cung v na cung)

Cc bn thng nghe ni nhiu v cung
v na cung nhng nhiu khi khng
hiu r lm, c bit l i vi nhng
bn ln u n vi m nhc. Nhiu khi
nghe cc nhc s, ca s ni nhng cu i
loi nh Ln 1 tng, hay Xung na
tng li cng lm cc bn m h hn
v m nhc.

Hm nay Kin thc m nhc ADAM Music s gip cc bn hiu r hn nhng thut
ng ny trong m nhc .

Bit c iu ny t nht cc bn c th hiu v nguyn tc m nhc c bn sau ny

c dp ht vi bn b ti cc t im Karaoke th hon ton t do chnh tng bi nhc cho
ph hp nht vi mnh v gip phn trnh din tuyt vi hn.

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u tin, ta hy tm hiu thut ngh Tone v Semitone nh.

TONE: CUNG

(Ting Vit hay c nhi li thnh TNG)

SEMITONE: NA CUNG (Ting Vit hay c nhi li thnh NA TNG)

Ch semi trong ting Anh mang ngha l mt na, bn, va phi
Trong trng hp ny l mt na!
Mt s nc ni ting Anh gi Tone l Whole step v Semitone l Half step
Cc bn ng vi xon khi nhn thy qu tri ch Ty
Cc bn c th hiu n gin l Tone hay Semitone l thut ng m nhc (musical
terminologies), c bt ngun t m nhc phng Ty v l cch gi chung cho tt c
nhng ai hc m nhc khi hc v cung v na cung.
Cn Whole step, Half step ch n gin l t ng ngha, dch li, gii thch li cho d
hiu hn, v c dng nhng nc ni ting Anh
Cng ging nh Cung, na cung l t ng ngha, c dch li, gii thch li cho d
hiu hn, v c dng nhng nc ni ting Vit, trong c Vit Nam ! =)

Vy Tone (Cung) l g?
n gin hn, ta s bt u vi Semitone (na cung).
Vy Semitone (na cung l g)? :D
hnh dung d dng hn bn hy lng tng ra mt qung ng di t mt t ln
tng 1 ca mt ngi nh, v ta tnh khong cch cao bng n v xen ti mt
(centimetres).
Vy gi s t t ln n trn l 100 cm (Nh ca ch ln m ln hn c by ch Ln
trong phim Bch Tuyt v by ch Ln mt mm qu!).
Vy mnh c th chia ra 100 phn bng nhau v mi phn l 1 cm.

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Nn nh, y l cch o khong cch m phn ln cc quc gia quy c vi nhau,

nhng khng phi l n v duy nht.
Nh bn cng bit nhiu Quc gia khc s dng cc h thng o lng khong cch khc
nhau
VD: Inch

Vy!
m nhc cng tng t
Chng ta c mt h thng o lng m thanh (nghe c v phc tp), m n gin ta gi
n l cao m thanh, c tnh bng n v nh nht l Semitone (na cung).
V trong m nhc, sau nhiu thin nin k nghin cu tnh ton n bc c tc, rng c
rang, cui cng nhn loi tm ra 1 chun chung c c th gii chp nhn.
Chng ta chia thang o m nhc lm 12 phn bng nhau (12 semitones) bi v h pht
hin ra mt s tht gh gm rng nt nhc u tin h v nt cui cng h chi c m
thanh tng t nh nhau. iu m gi y chng ta bit v hay ht vu v ngy th
nh *
* Cch vit hay ch n gin nhm gip cc bn hnh dung cao ca nt . VD: l nt thp, l nt cao

Tt nhin trc y, cng tng hnh thnh cc h thng o lng cao m thanh
theo cch khc nhng khng c ph bin, cc bn c th tham kho theo bng phn
loi di y.

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ADAM MUSIC

Bn no rnh ging mnh, mun tm hiu su hn v cc cch tnh, phng trnh, vt l

hc m thanh. Th c th ln Wikipedia cng nh xem thm cc ti liu lch s m
nhc khc. Bn no cn ti liu m thanh hc c th mess cho ADAM Music nh
Nh cc bn cng bit qua cc phn hc trc, m nhc dng 7 tn k t ( Letter
names ) miu t cao m thanh l

Vy khong cch t 1 nt nhc u tin n nt nhc y chang nh nt (bn s thy k

t nh nhau) nhng cao hn chnh l 12 semitones (12 bn cung).
a, sao ch thy c 7 k t thi m? (Nhe rng ci )
ng vy, bi v thng chng ta ch thy cc nt c sp xp theo mt trt t m d
nghe nht. Hm nay hiu r hn cc bn hy cng Kin thc m nhc ADAM
Music xem s qua cc phm n Piano mt ln na nh (Nh, ch xem s thi nh,
xem k .s tu ha nhp ma !)

Cy n Piano c cu to t nhiu phm trng v en, nhn c v ri mt nh

Thi xung hnh ny cho d

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 mt cht cc bn s thy c rng, cc phm en Piano chia thnh 2 cm (3 phm

v 2 phm)
Nt u tin bn tri 2 phm en s l nt , v khong cch t mt phm n phm
tip theo trn n Piano s tng ng 1 semitone (bn cung).

Bn no kch thch vi hnh nh sexy ca cc nt nhc trn khung nhc th c th xem

hnh bn di

Cc bn s thc mc ti sao cc nt en li c 2 tn?!?

Vng, nh cc bn hc qua phn 5 (Accidentals Du ha):
Nt C thm du # (Du thng - Sharp) s l C#
Nt D thm du b (du ging - Flat) s l Db

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2 nt ny tht ra l 1 v cng nm ti ng v tr phm en .

Bn no khng hiu accidentals v my ci du #,b th LM N C LI P.5
Bn no vn khng hiu hay c tnh khng hiu th bn c th hnh dung bn c a con
trai, p nh hot boy, to con trng tro, nh hay gi n l Chut, nhng n trng,
cho sang trng qu phi hn, bn t tn cho n lT, vy suy ra 2 a n l 1, hiu
cha ?
Vy, tm li, bn c tt c 12 semitone v bt u t nt u tin nh trn hnh (nt )
i n cui cng l nt vy bn c c 12 semitone.
Xin nhc li: semitone l khong cch gia 2 nt nhc.
n y c bn gi tay ln hi sao em thy c 13 nt?
D ng ri, nu vn cha hiu bn vui lng m t vch u tin (0 cm) n vch s 12
(12cm) trn cy thc di y xem bn c c bao nhiu vch ?

13 vch v bn c c 12 cm
Bn thn nt u tin trn hnh Piano trn ch l im xut pht nn cha tn ti gi
tr semitone no c.
Khong cch t n ta s gi l 1 qung 8 (hay 1 Octave), ci ny bit chi cho
vui, cc bn thy khng vui th qun i cng c.
Kin thc m nhc ADAM Music s vit nhng phn tip theo gii thch r hn
ngha ca Qung (Intervals) cc bn vui hn !
Nh vy cc bn hiu tone v semitone ri nh.
Nhng thng thng khi nh n chng ta (nhng ngi mi tp n Piano) thng
nh cc phm trng, bi v n n gin v to ra mt mu sc m thanh d nghe, thun
tai. l v cc nt nhc c sp xp theo mt dy, to ra s ha quyn, thun tai m
bi sau ta s hc. l Scale m giai!
Nh vy sau ny khi i ht karaoke, cc bn c th bit c cn chnh Tng nh th
no cho ph hp vi ging mnh ri nh.

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ADAM MUSIC

Nu bi nhc bn mun ht thp qu, bn bm nt Key + nng Tng ln, 1 ln bm l

ln 1 semitone (na cung), nu vn cha va th bm thm ln na, ht th vn cha
va lng h d th c th bm ln tip. Ht bi nhc th no bn cng s tm ra c tng
nhc ph hp cho mnh :D.
Thc hin tng t nu bi nhc qu cao th bm nt Key nh
Cc remote khc c th khc nhau t nhng hu ht u k
hiu l
Key + v Key -

Tht ra vn Tng ca mt bi nhc khng n gin nh vy, nhng y l cch

cc bn c th ng dng n gin nht nhng kin thc m nhc ca mnh vo i
sng thc t.
c mt kin thc tng qut v m nhc, cc bn hy thng xuyn cp nht cc phn
hc ti Kin thc m nhc ADAM Music v hy chia s nhng kin thc ca mnh
n vi tt c mi ngi nh!
Hn gp cc bn vo tun sau vi bi Scale m giai

THANK YOU

KIN THC M NHC

ADAM MUSIC

KIN THC M NHC

ADAM MUSIC