ANSVAFBMA

Std 1 I- 1090
(Revision

of

ANSIIAFBMA
Std 1l-1978)

ATIONAL

ST

LOAD RATINGS AND FATIGUE

FOR ROLLER BEARINGS

Copyright0 American Bearing ManufacturersAssociation, Inc. This

reproductionmade under license agreementby CSSinfo, (734) 930-9277.
No part of the printed publication, nor any part of the electronic tile
may be reproducedor transmitted in any form, including transmittal by
e-mail, by file transferprotocol (FTP), or by being made part of a
network-accessiblesystem,without the prior written permission of the
copyright owner.

Sponsor

The Anti-Friction
Bearing
Manufacturers Association, Inc.

Approved

American

National

July

17, IYAi

Standards institute,

Inc.

LIFE

American National Standard

Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the
requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met
by the standards developer.
Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of StandardsReview,
substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests.
Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily
unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a
concerned effort be made toward their resolution.
The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does
not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from
manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not
conforming to the standards.
The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no
circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no
person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National
Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressedto the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the
title page of this standard.
CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn
at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that
action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years
from the date of approval. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive
current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute.

Published by
The Anti-Friction Bearing Manufacturers Association, Inc.
1101 Connecticut Ave. N.W., Suite 7@0
Washington, D.C. 20036
Copyright 1990 by The Anti-Friction

Bearing Manufacturers Association, Inc.

FOREWORD
(This Foreword is not a part of American
and Fatigue Life for Roller Bearings.)

National Standard,

Load Ratings

This revision of ANWAFBMA Standard 11 has as its principal feature: The

utilization of the factor f,, which depends on the geometry of the bearing
components, the accuracy to which the various components are made and
contemporary, normally used material and its manufacturing quality.
This standard is in close conformity with IS0 76-1987 (Rolling bearingsStatic load ratings) and with IS0 DIS 281-1989 (Rolling bearings-Dynamic
load ratings and rating life). Any significant differences, where they occur,
are indicated in this standard.
The principal difference between this standard and IS0 DIS 281 is the use
of the f,, factor which combined the f, and b, factors used in IS0 281.
Dynamic load ratings calculated for the same bearing should have the same
value, however, when following either this or the IS0 Standard unless noted
otherwise in this standard.
The life adjustment factor for
use with capacities calculated
Standard may not be valid for
fc, values incorporate material
previously adjusted by means

special bearing properties, a2, intended for

in accordance with previous revisions of this
use with the current capacities. The present
and processing improvements which were
of the a2 factor.

Copies of IS0 Standards concerning Rolling Contact Bearings (Ball and

Roller Bearings) are available from the American National Standards Institute.
Suggestions for the improvement of this standard gained from its use will
be welcomed. Such suggestions should be sent to the American National
Standards Institute, Inc., 1430 Broadway, New York, N.Y., 10018.
The officers of Accredited Standards Committee 83 operating under American National Standards Institute Procedures and the organizations represented at the time this standard was submitted are as follows:
S. R. Ahlman, Chairman

G. T. Satterfield,

Secretary

Anti-Friction Bearing Manufacturers Association

Hydraulic Institute
National Machine Tool Builders Association
Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers
U.S. Department of the Navy
U.S. Department of Defense, DISC

AFBMA Standards
for
Ball and Roller Bearings
and Balls
1
4
7
8.1
8.2
9
10
11
12.1
12.2
13
14
15
16.1
16.2
17
18.1
18.2
19
20
21.1
21.2
22.2
23.2
24.1
24.2

-Terminology
-Tolerance
Definitions and Gaging Practices
-Shaft and Housing Fits for Metric Radial Ball and Roller Bearings
(Except Tapered Roller Bearings) Conforming to Basic Boundary
Plans
-Ball and Roller Bearing Mounting Accessories, Metric Design
-Ball and Roller Bearing Mounting Accessories, Inch Design
-Load
Ratings and Fatigue Life for Ball Bearings
-Metal
Balls
-Load
Ratings and Fatigue Life for Roller Bearings
-Instrument
Ball Bearings, Metric Design
-Instrument
Ball Bearings, Inch Design
-Rolling
Bearing Vibration and Noise
-Housing
for Bearings With Spherical Outside Surfaces
-Ball
Bearings With Spherical Outside Surfaces and Extended
Inner Ring Width (Includes Eccentric Locking Collars)
-Airframe
Ball, Roller and Needle Roller Bearings, Metric Design
-Airframe
Ball, Roller and Needle Roller Bearings, Inch Design
-Needle
Rollers, Metric Design
-Needle
Roller Bearings-Radial, Metric Design
-Needle
Roller Bearings-Radial, Inch Design
-Tapered
Roller Bearings, Radial, Metric Design
-Radial
Bearings of Ball, Cylindrical Roller and Spherical Roller
Types, Metric Design
-Thrust Needle Roller and Cage Assemblies and Thrust Washers,
Metric Design
-Thrust Needle Roller and Cage Assemblies and Thrust Washers,
Inch Design
-Spherical
Plain Bearings, Joint Type, Inch Design
-Thrust
Bearings of Tapered Roller Type, Inch Design
-Thrust
Bearinas of Ball, Cvlindrical
Roller and Spherical Roller
,
Types, Metricbesign
-Thrust Bearings of Ball and Cylindrical Roller Types, Inch Design

An AFBMA Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the

consumer and the general public. The existence of an AFBMA Standard
does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the
Standard or not from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. AFBMA
Standards are subject to revision or withdrawal at any time and users who
refer to an AFBMA Standard should satisfy themselves that they have the
latest information from the Association.

Load Ratings and Fatigue Life

For Ball Bearings
CONTENTS
PAGE

SECTION

Introduction
.
.
Purpose of Standard
Life Criterion
. .
Static Load Criterion

2.

Symbols

3.

. . .
.
.
Definitions . .
.
Life ......................................
..................................
Reliability
.................................
Static Load
Pitch Diameter of a Roller Set, D,, .....................
Basic Rating Life, L,, ............................
Adjusted Rating Life, L,, ..........................
Basic Dynamic Radial Load Rating, C, ...................
Basic Static Radial Load Rating, C,, ....................
Basic Dynamic Axial Load Rating, C, ...................
Basic Static Axial Load Rating, C,, .....................
Dynamic Equivalent Radial Load, P, ....................
Static Equivalent Radial Load, P,, ......................
Dynamic Equivalent Axial Load, P, .....................
Static Equivalent Axial Load, P,, ......................
Roller Diameter, D,, .............................
Roller Length, L,, ..............................
Nominal Contact Angle, cx ..........................
Line Contact .................................
................................
Point Contact
.............................
Optimized Contact
Conventional Operating Conditions .....................

1.
1.1
1.2
1.3

$2
3:3
ZZ
3:6
;.;
3:9
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15
3.16
3.17
3.18
3.19
3.20
3.21
4.

. .

.
.

.
. . .

.
. .
. . .

. .

Scope ......................
Bearing Types .................
4.1
.............
General
4.1 .I
Basic Types : : : .............
4.1.2
Double Row ................
4.1.3
4.2 Limitations ....................
Truncated Contact Area ..........
4.2.1
Materials ..................
4.2.2
Bearing Types ...............
4.2.3
Lubrication .................
4.2.4
Ring Support and Alignment
.......
4.2.5
Internal Clearance .............
4.2.6
High Speed Effects ............
4.2.7
Stress Concentrations
...........
4.2.8
Tolerances .................
4.2.9
4.2.10
Plastic Deformation in the Contact Area
Operating Parameters .............
4.3

.
.
. .

1
1
1
1
2
3
i
:
3
3
i
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
t
4
4
::
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
:

5.

6.

Radial Roller Bearings

.
Basic Dynamic Radial Load Rating
5.1
Bearing Combinations
5.1 .I
Dynamic Equivalent Radial Load .
5.2
Bearing Combinations
. . . . .
5.2.1
Basic
Rating
Life
.
.
.
.
. . .
5.3
Basic Static Radial Load Rating
5.4
Bearing Combinations
. .
5.4.1
Static Equivalent Radial Load . .
5.5
Bearing Combinations
. . . ,
5.5.1

. . .

. .

7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5

Adjusted Rating Life .

. .
General
Limitations 1 1
Life AdjustmentFadtdr
Life Adjustment Factor
Life Adjustment Factor

.
. . .
.

. . .
. .
. . .

.
.

Thrust Roller Bearings

. . . . . . . . . . .
Basic Dynamic Axial Load Rating
. . . . .
6.1
Single Row Bearings
.
. . . . . .
6.1 .I
Bearings with Two or More Rows of Rollers
6.1.2
Bearing Dynamic Equivalent Axial Load
6.1.3
Dynamic Equivalent Axial Load
:::
Basic Rating Life
.
Basic Static Axial Load Rating
. . . .
6.4
6.5
Static Equivalent Axial Load
. . . . , . . . .

7.

. .

.
. .

.
. .

. .
. .

6
6
9
9
9
9
9
IO
10
10
::
11
11
12
14
14

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14
14

for keliabilitya~ : : : : : : : : : : :
for Special Bearing Properties, a2 .
for Operating Conditions, a3

;:
15
15

LIST OF TABLES
Table
No.

Title

Page

RADIAL ROLLER BEARINGS

1.
2.
3.

Values of f,, .................

Values of X and Y ..............
Values of X, and Y, .............

7
9
10

THRUST ROLLER BEARINGS

4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Values of f,, for cylindrical roller bearings, tapered roller bearings

and needle roller bearings with machine rings
......
: .......
Values of f,, for drawn cup needle roller bearings
.............
Values of f,, for spherical roller bearings
..........................
ValuesofXandY
...............
Life Adjustment Factors for Reliability

11
12
13
13
15

Load Ratings and Fatigue Life

for Roller Bearings
1. INTRODUCTION
1 .l Purpose

of Standard

Roller bearing performance is a function

of many variables. These include the bearing design, the characteristics
of the material from which the bearings are made,
the way in which they are manufactured,
as well as many variables associated with
their application. The only sure way to establish the satisfactory operation of a bearing selected for a specific application is by
actual performance in the application. As
this is often impractical, another basis is
required to estimate the suitability of a particular bearing for a given application. This
is the purpose of this standard.
This standard specifies the method of
calculating the basic dynamic load rating
of rolling bearings within the size ranges
shown in the relevant ANSVAFBMA standards, manufactured
from contemporary,
commonly used, good quality hardened
steel in accordance
with good manufacturing practice and basically of conventional design as regards the shape of rolling contact surfaces.
This standard also specifies the method
of calculating the basic rating life, which is
the life associated with 90% reliability, with
commonly used material and manufacturing quality, and with conventional operating
conditions.
In addition, it specifies the
method of calculating adjusted rating life,
in which various reliabilities, special bearing properties and specific operating conditions are taken into account by means of
life adjustment factors.
Furthermore, this standard specifies the
method of calculating the basic static load
rating and the static equivalent load for
roller bearings within the size ranges shown
in the relevant ANSVAFBMA Standards,
manufactured from good quality hardened
steel, in accordance
with good manufac-

turing practice and basically of conventional design as regards the shape of rolling contact surfaces.
1.2 Life Criterion
Even if roller bearings
are properly
mounted, adequately lubricated, protected
from foreign matter, and are not subjected
to extreme operating conditions, they can
ultimately fatigue. Under ideal conditions,
the repeated stresses developed
in the
contact areas between the roller and the
raceways eventually can result in fatigue of
the material which manifests itself as spalling of the load carrying surfaces. In most
applications the fatigue life is the maximum
useful life of a bearing. This fatigue is the
criterion of life used as the basis for the first
part of this standard.
Fatigue life calculated
in accordance
with this standard does not represent the
maximum that can be attained by applying
all known technology to roller bearing design and application. Neither does it represent the minimum that should be expected of a bearing made by a producer
lacking skill and experience in the design
and manufacture of roller bearings, even
though the bearing meets the geometric
parameters given below. The calculated fatigue life represents the performance normally expected from high quality bearings
made by reputable manufacturers.
Manufacturers can supply longer lived bearings
by the application of advanced materials
and manufacturing processes. The present
standard has evolved as a means for bearing users to specify a reasonable standard
of performance for the bearing they wish
to purchase.
1.3 Static Load Criterion
A static load is a load acting on a nonrotating bearing. Permanent deformations
appear in rollers and raceways under a

static load of moderate magnitude and increase gradually with increasing load.

C,, = basic static axial load rating, newtons

(pounds)

It is often impractical to establish whether

the deformations appearing in a bearing in
a specific application are permissible by
testing the bearing in that application.
Other methods are therefore required to establish the suitability of the bearing selected.

D,,=pitch
diameter
metres (inches)

Experience shows that a total permanent

deformation of 0.0001 of the rolling element
diameter, at the center of the most heavily
loaded roller/raceway contact, can be tolerated in most bearing applications without
the subsequent
bearing operation being
impaired. The basic static load rating is,
therefore, given a magnitude such that approximately this deformation occurs when
the static equivalent load is equal to the
load rating.
Tests indicate that a load of the magnitude in question may be considered to correspond to a calculated contact stress of
-

4000 MPa (580,000

bearings

psi) for all roller

of roller

D,, = roller diameter applicable

culation of load ratings,
(inches)

set, milliin the calmillimetres

F, = bearing radial load = radial component of the actual bearing load,

newtons (pounds)
F, = bearing axial load = axial component
of the actual bearing load, newtons
(pounds)
L,, = basic rating life, in million revolutions
L,, =adjusted
tions

rating life, in million revolu-

L,, =roller length applicable in the calculation of load ratings, millimetres

(inches)
P, =dynamic equivalent
tons (pounds)
P,, = static equivalent
(pounds)

radial load, new-

radial load, newtons

at the center of the most heavily loaded

rolling element/raceway
contact. The formulae and factors for the calculation of the
basic static load ratings are based on these
contact stresses.

P, =dynamic equivalent
tons (pounds)

The permissible static equivalent load

may be smaller than, equal to or greater
than the basic static load rating, depending
on the requirements for smoothness of operation and friction, as well as on actual
contact surface geometry. Bearing users
without previous experience of these conditions should consult the bearing manufacturers.

= number of rolling elements in a single

row bearing; number of rolling elements per row of a multi-row bearing
with the same number of rolling elements per row

2. SYMBOLS

al

= life adjustment

C, = basic dynamic radial

newtons (pounds)

load

rating,

P,, =static equivalent

(pounds)
=dynamic

X, =static
Y

axial load, newtons

radial load factor

radial load factor

=dynamic

Y, =static

axial load, new-

axial load factor

axial load factor

a2 = life adjustment
ing properties

C,, = basic static radial load rating, newtons (pounds)

a3 = life adjustment
conditions

C, = basic dynamic axial load rating, newtons (pounds)

factor for reliability

factor for special bearfactor

for operating

= limit value of F$F, for the applicability

of different values of factors X and Y

=a factor which depends on the geometry of the bearing components,

the accuracy to which the various
components are made and contemporary, normally used material and its
manufacturing quality

and manufacturing quality, and under conventional operating conditions.

3.6 Adjusted

Rating

Life, L,,

= number of rows of rollers in a bearing

The rating life obtained by adjustment of

the basic rating life for a desired reliability
level, special bearing properties and specific operating conditions.

= nominal contact angle of the bearing,

degrees

3.7 Basic Dynamic

Rating, C,

3. DEFINITIONS
For the purposes of this Standard, the
definitions given in ANSVAFBMA Standard
1 together with the following apply.
3.1 Life
For an individual rolling bearing, the
number of revolutions which one of the
bearing rings (or washers) makes in relation to the other ring (or washer) before the
first evidence of fatigue develops in the material of one of the rings (or washers) or
rolling elements.
3.2 Reliability
life)

(in the context

of bearing

Radial Load

That constant
stationary
radial load
which a rolling bearing could theoretically
endure for a basic rating life of one million
revolutions.
3.8 Basic Static Radial Load Rating,

Static radial load which corresponds to

a calculated contact stress at the center of
the most heavily loaded rolling element/
raceway contact of
- 4000 MPa (580,000 psi).
NOTE: For this contact stress, a total permanent deformation of rolling element and
raceway occurs which is approximately
0.0001 of the rolling element diamater.

For a group of apparently identical rolling

bearings, operating under the same conditions, the percentage of the group that is
expected to attain or exceed a specified
life.

3.9 Basic Dynamic

The reliability of an individual rolling

bearing is the probability that the bearing
will attain or exceed a specified life.

3.10 Basic Static Axial Load Rating,

3.3 Static Load

The load acting on a bearing when the
speed of rotation of its rings in relation to
each other is zero.
3.4 Pitch Diameter

of a Roller Set, D,,

The diameter of the circle intersecting the

roller axes at the middle of the rollers in one
row in a bearing.
3.5 Basic Rating

Life, L,,

For an individual rolling bearing, or a

group of apparently identical rolling bearings operating under the same conditions,
the life associated with 90% reliability, with
contemporary,
commonly
used material

C,,

Axial Load Rating, C,

That constant centric axial load which a

rolling bearing could theoretically endure
for a basic rating life of one million revolutions.
C,,

Static centric axial load which corresponds to a calculated contact stress at

the center of the most heavily loaded rolling
element/raceway
contact of
- 4000 MPa (580,000 psi) for thrust
roller bearings.
NOTE: For this contact stress, a total permanent deformation of rolling element and
raceway occurs which is approximately
0.0001 of the rolling element diameter.
3.11 Dynamic
Load, P,,

Equivalent

Radial

That constant
stationary
radial load
under the influence of which a rolling bearing would have the same life as it will attain
under the actual load conditions.

3.12 Static Equivalent

Radial Load, P,,

3.18 Line Contact

Static radial load which would cause the

same contact stress at the center of the
most heavily loaded rolling element/raceway contact as that which occurs under the
actual load conditions.

Line contact refers to rollers and race

ways so formed that under no load and
when in good alignment they contact along
the full length of their basic form.

3.13 Dynamic

Point contact refers to rollers and raceways so formed that under no load and
when in good alignment they contact at a
point located approximately at the middle
of the rollers.

Equivalent

Axial Load, P,

That constant centric axial load under the

influence of which a rolling bearing would
have the same life as it will attain under the
actual load conditions.
3.14 Static Equivalent

Axial Load, P,,

Static centric axial load which would

cause the same contact stress at the center
of the most heavily loaded rolling element/
raceway contact as that which occurs
under the actual load conditions.
3.15 Roller Diameter Applicable
Calculation
of Load Ratings, D,,
The diameter

in the

at the middle of the roller.

NOTE: For a tapered roller this is equal to

the mean value of the diameters at the theoretically sharp corners at the large end
and at the small end of the roller.
For an asymmetrical convex roller this is
an approximation
of the diameter at the
point of contact between the roller and the
ribless raceway at zero load.
3.16 Roller Length Applicable
culation of Load Ratings, L,

NOTE: This is normally taken to be either

the distance
between the theoretically
sharp corners of the roller minus the roller
chamfers or the raceway width excluding
the grinding undercuts, whichever is the
smaller.
Contact

Angle,

cx

The angle between a plane perpendicular to the bearing axis and the nominal line
of action of the resultant of the forces transmitted by a bearing ring to a rolling element.

3.20 Optimized

Contact

Optimized contact refers to such design of the basic form of the rollers and/or
ring raceways that under a bearing load
somewhere in the range of 25% to 50% of
the basic dynamic radial load rating C,, the
material stress is substantially
uniform
along the entire effective length of the contact at the most heavily loaded roller. Ideally, roller bearings are designed to approach optimized contact.
3.21 Conventional
tions

Operating

Condi-

Conditions which may be assumed to

prevail for a bearing which is properly
mounted and protected from foreign matter, normally lubricated,
conventionally
loaded, not exposed to extreme temperature and not run at low or high speed.

in the Cal-

The theoretical maximum length of contact between a roller and that raceway
where the contact is shortest.

3.17 Nominal

3.19 Point Contact

4. SCOPE
4.1 Bearing

Types

4.1 .I General. Roller bearings covered

by this standard are presumed to be within
the size ranges shown in the ANSVAFBMA
dimensional standards,
manufactured
of
good quality hardened steel in accordance
with good manufacturing practice and basically of conventional design as regards the
shape of rolling contact surfaces. Since
small differences in relative shape of contacting surfaces may account for distinct
differences
in load carrying ability, this
standard does not attempt to cover all design variations, rather it applies to basic
roller bearing designs.
4.1.2 Basic Types.

This standard

ap-

plies to cylindrical, spherical, and tapered

roller bearings, self-aligning
radial roller
bearings and to needle roller bearings.
4.1.3 Double Row. Double row radial
roller bearings and double direction thrust
roller bearings, as specified by this standard, are presumed to be symmetrical.
4.2 Limitations
4.2.1 Truncated Contact Area. This standard may not be safely applied to roller
bearings
subjected
to loading
which
causes the contact area of the roller with
the raceway to be truncated by the edge
of the raceway or roller. This limitation depends strongly on details of bearing design
which are not standardized.
4.2.2 Materials. This standard applies to
roller bearings made from hardened, good
quality bearing steel. While a complete metallurgical description is beyond the scope
of this standard, typical cleanliness and
material composition
specifications
for
bearing quality steel are given in ASTM A
295 and A 485 for through hardening
steels, and in ASTM A 534 for carburizing
steels. Typical hardness levels range from
HRC 58 to 64 for rings or washers and HRC
60 to 65 for rollers.
4.2.3 Bearing Types. The f,, factors
specified in basic load rating formulae are
valid only for those roller bearing configurations specified in section 4.1 above. This
standard
is not applicable
to designs
where the rolling elements operate directly
on a shaft or housing surface, unless that
surface is equivalent in all respects to the
bearing ring (or washer) raceway it replaces.
4.2.4 Lubrication. Basic rating life calculated according to this standard is based
on the assumption that the bearing is adequately lubricated. Determination of adequate lubrication depends upon the bearing application. An adequate amount of an
appropriate type of lubricant is essential to
achieving expected performance. The Iubricant must be free of excessive contaminants and of a viscosity level that will provide a film thickness somewhat greater

than the rolling contact surfaces composite

roughness at the operating temperature.

4.2.5 Ring Support and Alignment. Basic
rating life calculated according to this standard assumes that the bearing inner and
outer rings are rigidly supported, and that
the inner and outer ring axes are properly
aligned. Bearing rings (or washers) must
be mounted so that any deformation of
rings as a result of mounting compliance
is small compared to contact deformation
under the applied load.
4.2.6 Internal Clearance.
Radial roller
bearing basic rating life calculated according to this standard is based on the assumption that only a nominal internal clearance occurs in the mounted bearing at
operating speed, load and temperature.
4.2.7 High Speed Effects. Basic rating
life calculated according to this standard
does not account for high speed effects
such as roller centrifugal forces and gyroscopic moments. These effects tend to
diminish fatigue life. Analytical evaluation
of these effects frequently requires the use
of high speed digital computation devices
and hence, cannot be included herein.
4.2.8 Stress Concentrations.
A roller
bearing must be expected to have a basic
load rating less than that obtained using a
value of f,, taken from Table 1 if, under load
a stress concentration
is present in some
part of the roller-raceway
contact. Such
stress concentrations
occur in the center
of nominal point contacts, at the contact
extremities for line contacts and at inadequately blended junctions of a rolling surface profile. Stress concentrations can also
occur if the rollers are not accurately
guided such as in bearings without cages
and bearings
not having rigid integral
flanges. Values of f,, given in Tables 1, 4,
5 and 6 are based upon bearings manufactured to achieve optimized contact. For
no bearing type or execution will the factor
f,, be greater than that obtained in Table
1, 4, 5 or 6 as appropriate.
4.2.9 Tolerances. This standard applies
to cylindrical and spherical radial roller
bearings
and self-aligning
radial roller

.
.

bearings made to RBEC 1 level of precision

or better commensurate with ANSUAFBMA
Standard 20, to tapered radial roller bearings covered by ANSI/AFBMA Standards
19.1 and 19.2, to needle radial roller bearings covered by ANSI/AFBMA Standards
18.1 and 18.2, to thrust needle roller bearings covered by ANSI/AFBMA Standards
21.1 and 21.2, tapered roller thrust bearings covered by ANSI/AFBMA Standard
23.2, and to cylindrical and spherical roller
thrust bearings covered by ANSI/AFBMA
Standards 24.1 and 24.2.
4.2.10 Plastic Deformation in the Contact Area. If P, > 0.5C,, then plastic deformation may occur in the contact area. The
user should consult the bearing manufacturer for recommendations
and evaluation
of equivalent load and life.
4.3 Operating

Parameter+

Calculations according to this standard

do not yield satisfactory results for bearings
subjected to such application conditions
which cause deviations from a normal load
distribution in the bearing, for example misalignment, housing or shaft deflection, rolling element centrifugal forces or other high
speed effects, and preload or extra large
clearance in radial bearings. Where there
is reason to assume that such conditions
prevail, the user should consult the bearing
manufacturer
for recommendations
and
evaluation of equivalent load and life.
5. RADIAL

ROLLER

5.1 Basic Dynamic

BEARINGS

Radial Load Rating

The basic dynamic radial load rating, C,,

for a radial roller bearing is:
C, = f,,(iL,,

COS~)~~Z~~D~~~

Values of f,, are obtained from the appropriate column of Table 1. They are maximum values, only applicable to roller bearings in which, under a bearing load, the
material stress is substantially
uniform
along the most heavily loaded roller/raceway contact.
Smaller values of f,, than those given in
table 1 should be used if, under load, an
accentuated stress concentration
is pres-

ent in some part of the roller/raceway contact. Such stress concentrations

must be
expected, for example, at the center of
nominal point contacts, at the extremities
of line contacts, in bearings where the rollers are not accurately guided and in bearings with rollers longer than 2.5 times the
roller diameter.
5.1 .I Bearing Combinations
5.1.1 .I When calculating the basic radial load rating for two similar single row
roller bearings mounted side-by-side
on
the same shaft such that they operate as a
unit (paired mounting), in back-to-back
or face-to- face arrangement, the pair is
considered
as one double row angular
contact bearing.
5.1.1.2
the bearing
two bearings
pendently of
not apply.

If, for some technical reason,

arrangement
is regarded as
which are replaceable indeeach other, then 5.1 .I .I does

5.1 .I .3 The basic radial load rating for

two or more similar single row roller bearings mounted side-by-side
on the same
shaft such that they operate as a unit
(paired or stack mounting) in tandem arrangement,
properly manufactured
and
mounted for equal load distribution, is the
number of bearings to the power of 7/9,
times the rating of one single row bearing.
5.1.1.4
If, for some technical reason,
the bearing arrangement is regarded as a
number of single row bearings which are
replaceable
independent
of each other,
then 5.1 .I .3 does not apply.
5.2 Dynamic

Equivalent

Radial Load

The dynamic equivalent radial load, P,,

for radial roller bearings, under constant
radial and axial loads, is given by
P, = XF, + YF,
Values of X and Y are given in Table 2
The dynamic equivalent radial load for
radial roller bearings with (Y = O, and subjected to radial load only, is given by
P, = F,
NOTE: The ability of radial roller bearings

TABLE 1. Part 1 -

Metric Values for f,, for Radial Roller Bearings)

D,coscx*
DPW

Cylindrical Roller Bearings,

Tapered Roller Bearings
and Needle Roller Bearings
with Machined Rings

Drawn Cup
Needle Roller
Bearings

Spherical
Roller Bearings

0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05

57.310
66.880
73.150
77.770
81.510

52.100
60.800
66.500
70.700
74.100

59.915
69.920
76.475
81.305
85.215

0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10

84.590
87.120
89.210
91.080
92.620

76.900
79.200
81.100
82.800
84.200

88.435
91.080
93.265
95.220
96.830

0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.15

93.830
95.040
95.810
96.470
97.020

85.300
86.400
87.100
87.700
88.200

98.095
99.360
100.165
100.855
101.430

0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.20

97.350
97.570
97.680
97.680
97.570

88.500
88.700
88.800
88.800
88.700

101.775
102.005
102.120
102.120
102.005

0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25

97.350
97.020
96.580
96.250
95.590

88.500
88.200
87.800
87.500
86.900

101.775
101.430
100.970
100.625
99.935

0.26
0.27
0.28
0.29
0.30

95.040
94.380
93.720
92.840
92.070

86.400
85.800
85.200
84.400
83.700

99.360
98.670
97.980
97.060
96.255

0.31
0.32
0.33
0.34
0.35

91.300
90.420
89.430
88.440
87.450

83.000
82.200
81.300
80.400
79.500

95.450
94.530
93.495
92.460
91.425

0.36
0.37
0.38
0.39
0.40

86.460
85.360
84.370
83.270
82.060

78.600
77.600
76.700
75.700
74.600

90.390
89.240
88.205
87.055
85.790

0.41
0.42
0.43
0.44
0.45

80.960
79.750
78.540
77.330
76.120

73.600
72.500
71.400
70.300
69.200

84.640
83.375
82.110
80.845
79.580

0.46
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.50

74.910
73.700
72.380
71.060
69.850

68.100
67.000
65.800
64.600
63.500

78.315
77.050
75.670
74.290
73.025

' Use to obtain C, in newtons

'Values

when D,.,, and D,, are given in miffimetres.

D,,cosa
are obtained by linear interpolation.
of f,, for intermediate
values of ~ D
PW

TABLE
1. Part 2 D,cosa
DPW

Drawn Cup
Needle Roller
Bearings

Spherical
Roller Bearings

0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05

5149
6009
6573
6987
7324

4681
5463
5975
6352
6658

5383
6282
6871
7305
7657

0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10

7600
7828
8016
8184
8322

6909

7945

7116
7287
7440
7565

8183
8380
8556
8700

0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.15

8431
8539
8609
8668
a718

7665
7763
7826
7880
7925

8814
8927
9000
9062
9114

0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.20

8747
8767
8778
8778
8767

7952
7970
7979
7979
7970

9145
9166
9176
9176
9166

0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25

8747
8718
8678
8648
8589

7952
7925
7889

9145
9114
9073
9041
8980

0.26
0.27
0.28
0.29
0.30

8539

7763
7709
7655
7584
7521

8927

8480
8421
8342
8273

0.31
0.32
0.33
0.34
0.35

8204
8125
8036
7946
7857

7458
7386
7305
7224
7143

8577
8494
8401
8308
8214

0.36
0.37
0.38
0.39
0.40

7768
7669
7580
7482
7373

7062
6972
6891
6802
6703

8121
8018
7925
7822
7708

0.41
0.42
0.43
0.44
0.45

7274
7165
7057
6948
6840

6613
6514
6415
6316
6218

7605
7491
7377
7263
7151

0.46
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.50

6731
6622
6503
6384
6276

6119
6020
5912
5804
5705

7037
6923
6799
6675
6561

' Use to obtain Gin

'Values

Inch Values for f,, for Radial Roller Bearings)

Cylindrical Roller Bearings,

Tapered Roller Bearings
and Needle Roller Bearings
with Machined Rings

pounds

of f,, for intermediate

when 0,
values

7862
7808

and D,, are given in inches.

D,.cosa
of ___D
are obtained by linear interpolation.
!Jw

8865
8803
8721
8649

TABLE 2. Values of X and Y for Radial

Roller Bearings
5
pe
Bearing Type
Single row, (Y f 0
Double row, (Y f 0

arrangement, using the values of X and Y

indicated in 5.2.1.

F.
rye

XI

1
0
1 0.45cota

0.4
0.67

Y
0.4cotCY
0.67cota

e
1.5tam
1.5tanu

with (X = 0 to support axial loads varies

considerably with bearing design and execution. The bearing user should therefore
consult the bearing manufacturer for recommendations regarding the evaluation of
equivalent load and life in cases where
bearings with (X = 0 are subjected to axial
load.
52.1

53.2 The life formula gives satisfactory

results for a broad range of bearing loads.
However, extra-heavy loads may cause
detrimental plastic deformations at the rolling element/raceway
contacts. The user
should therefore consult the bearing manufacturer to establish the applicability of the
life formula in cases where P, exceeds
0.5 c,.

5.4 Basic Static

The basic static radial load rating for radial roller bearings is given by the formula

Bearing Combinations

5.2.1.1 When calculating the equivalent radial load for two similar single row
roller bearings mounted side-by-side
on
the same shaft such that they operate as a
unit (paired mounting) in back-to-back
or
face-to- face arrangement,
and which,
according to 5.1.1.1, is considered as one
double row roller bearing, the values of X
and Y for double row bearings given in
Table 2 should be used.
5.2.1.2 When calculating the equivalent radial load for two or more similar single
row roller bearings mounted side-by-side
on the same shaft such that they operate
as a unit (paired or stack mounting) in tandem arrangement, the values of X and Y
for a single row bearing given in Table 2
shall be used.
5.3 Basic Rating

Life

5.3.1 The basic rating life, L,,, for a radial roller bearing is given by
L 10 =

Radial Load Rating

D,, cosa
D
PW

~ZL,,D,,coscu

iZL,,D,,coscx

- F

(metric)

(inch)

PW >

5.4.1 Bearing Combinations

5.4.1.1
The basic static radial load
rating for two similar single-row roller bearings mounted side by side on the same
shaft such that they operate as a unit
(paired mounting) in back-to-back
or
face-to-face arrangement is twice the rating of one single row bearing.
5.4.1.2
The basic static radial load
rating for two or more similar single-row
roller bearings mounted side by side on the
same shaft such that they operate as a unit
(paired or stack mounting) in tandem arrangement,
properly manufactured
and
mounted for equal load distribution, is the
number of bearings times the rating of one
single-row bearing.

/CA o3
2
I P, I

The values of C, and P, are calculated

accordance with 5.1 and 5.2.

in

This life formula is also used for the evaluation of the life of two or more single row
bearings operating as a unit, as referred to
in 5.1 .I. In this case, the load rating C, is
calculated for the complete bearing arrangement and the equivalent load P, is
calculated for the total loads acting on the

5.5 Static

Equivalent

Radial Load

The static equivalent radial load for roller

bearings is the greater of the two values
given by the formulae
P,, =

X,F, + Y,F,

Pm = Fr
where the values of factors X, and Y, are
given in Table 3.
9

TABLE 3. Values for Factors X, and Y, for

Radial Roller Bearings with (x # 0
Bearing Type

X0

Single-row
Double-row

0.5
1

Yo
0.22cota
0.44cota

The static equivalent radial load for radial

roller bearings with (Y = O, and subjected
to radial load only, is given by the formula
Pm = Fr
NOTE: The ability of radial roller bearings
with (Y = 0 to support axial loads varies
considerably with bearing design and execution. The bearing user should therefore
consult the bearing manufacturer for recommendations regarding the evaluation of
equivalent load in cases where bearings
with QL= 0 are subjected to axial load.
5.5.1 Bearing Combinations
5.5.1.1
When calculating
the static
equivalent radial load for two similar singlerow roller bearings mounted side by side
on the same shaft such that they operate
as a unit (paired mounting) in back-toback or face-to-face
arrangement, the
X0 and Y, values for a double-row bearing
and the F, and F, values for the total loads
on the arrangement shall be used.
5.5.1.2
When calculating
the static
equivalent radial load for two or more similar single-row roller bearings mounted side
by side on the same shaft such that they
operate as a unit (paired or stack mounting)
in tandem arrangement,
the X0 and Y,
values for a single-row bearing and the F,
and F, values for the total loads on the arrangement shall be used.
6. THRUST

ROLLER

6.1 Basic Dynamic

BEARINGS

Axial Load Rating

6.1.1 Single Row Bearings

6.1.1.1 A thrust roller bearing is considered as a single row bearing only if all
rollers carrying load in the same direction
contact the same washer raceway area.
The basic dynamic axial load rating, C,,
for single row, single or double direction
thrust roller bearings is

IO

for CY= 90: C, = fcmL~~Z34D$27

for OL$1 90:
C, = f,,(L,,coscx)7gZ34D~?7tan~
where
Z is the number of rollers carrying
in one direction.

load

6.1.1.2 If several rollers, on the same

side of the bearing axis, are located with
their axes coinciding, these rollers are considered as one roller with a length L,, equal
to the sum of the lengths of the several
rollers.
Values off,, are given in Tables 4, 5 and
6. They are maximum values, only applicable to roller bearings in which, under a
bearing load, the material stress is substantially uniform along the most heavily
loaded roller/raceway contact.
Smaller values of f,, than those given in
Tables 4, 5 and 6 should be used if, under
load, an accentuated stress concentration
is present in some part of the roller/raceway
contact. Such stress concentrations
must
be expected, for example, at the center of
nominal point contacts, at the extremities
of line contacts, in bearings where the rollers are not accurately guided and in bearings with rollers longer than 2.5 times the
roller diameter.
Smaller values of f,, should also be considered for thrust roller bearings in which
the geometry causes excessive slip in the
roller/raceway
contact areas, for example
bearings with cylindrical rollers which are
long in relation to the pitch diameter of the
roller set.
6.1.2 Bearings with Two or More Rows
of Rollers. The basic dynamic axial load
rating for thrust roller bearings with two or
more rows of similar rollers carrying load in
the same direction is given by
c, = (Z,L,,,

+ Z2Lwe* +

+ Z,L,,)

x[($y+(~)-;l+,,,
- 219
.

TABLE 4. Part 1 - Metric Values for f,,

for Tapered Roller Bearinas)

TABLE 4. Part 2 -

lw2
D
prr

Dwe2

3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
0.06
0.07

0.08
0.09
0.10

-0 I,,COS&

= 90
115.94
135.19
147.95
157.74
165.77
172.59
178.64
183.92

i 88.87
193.27

pwD
0.01

: = 503

90

176.99
182.16
186.45
190.08
193.05

172.70
177.76
182.05
185.57
188.54

170.39
175.34
179.52
183.04
185.90

0.06
0.07

0.08
0.09
0.10

15481
16024
16498
16942
17336

195.58
197.67
199.21
200.53
201.41

190.96
192.94
194.48
195.69
196.68

188.32
190.30
191.84
193.05
193.93

0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.15

18057
18382
18688
18974

197.23
197.56
197.67
197.56
197.23

0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19

0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25

20869
21066
21254

0.26
0.27
0.28
0.29
0.30

21441
21619
21796
21974
22132

0.08
0.09
0.10

0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.20

202.07
202.40
202.51
202.40
202.07

0.21
0.2;
0.2:
0.2L
0.25

227.92
230.34
232.65

0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25

200.86
199.98
198.99
197.78

0.22
0.2i
0.2t
0.2:
0.3(

239.03
241.01
242.99
244.97

0.28
0.29

246.73

0.30

0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.15

0.26
0.27

201.52

196.57
-

Use to obtain C, in newtons

in millimetres.
2 Values of fcmfor intermediate

116.16
135.30
147.73
157.08
164.34

0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05

10400
12127
13271
14149

when D,, and D,, are given

values of F

obtained by linear interpolation.

3 Applicable for 45 < 01 < 60.
4 Applicable for 60 5 (Y < 75.
Applicable for 75 5 (Y < 90.

D,,cosa
or 7
are
PW
PVJ

The load ratings C,;, Ca2, . . , C,, for the

rows with Z,, Z,,
., Z, rollers of lengths
are calculated from the
I- wel,
Le2,
, Lv,",
appropriate
single row bearing formula
given in 6.1.1.
6.1.3

Y =

0.06
0.07

214.61
217.47
220.33
222.97
225.50

234.85
236.94

DDW

140.58
153.45
163.13
170.72

0.16
0.17
0.1E
0.16
0.2c

= 80+

0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05

197.45
201.30
204.93
211.53

CY

Ta.pered

117.81
137.17
149.82
159.17
166.65

120.67

0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.15

208.34

I : = 654:

Bearing

Combinations

6.1.3.1 The basic axial load rating for

two or more similar single direction thrust
roller bearings mounted side-by-side
on
the same shaft such that they operate as a
unit (paired or stack mounting) in tandem
arrangement, properly manufactured
and
mounted for equal load distribution, is the

0.20

14870

17711

19251
19507
19764
20000
20227
20444
20661

Use to obt:
in inches.

L.cosa2
pvrD

Inch Values for f cmfor

Bearings)

: = 503 cy = 654 < = 8f3-i

10824
12610
13764
14633
15314

10568
12304
13439
14278
14949

10420
12136
13251
14090
14741

0.08
0.09
0.10

15876
16340
16725
17050
17317

15491
15945
16330
16646
16912

15284
15728
16103
16419
16675

0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.15

17544
17731
17869
17988
18066

17129
17307
17445
17553
17642

16892
17070

0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19

18126

17692
17721
17731
17721
17692

0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07

17208
17317
17396

0.20

18155
18165
la155
18126

0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25

18076
18017
17938
17849
17741

0.26
0.27

17632
-_
-_
-_
--

0.28
0.29
0.30

C, in pounds

Values of f,, for intermediate

when

ICI,,

and C

values of +

obtained by linear interpolation.

3 Applicable for 45 < (Y < 60.
4 Applicable for 60 % (Y < 75.
5 Applicable for 75 5 CK< 90.

D,,COSW
or ~
are
D PW
PW

number of bearings to the power of 7/9,

times the rating of one bearing.
6.1.3.2 If, for some technical reason,
the bearing arrangement is regarded as a
number of single direction bearings which
are replaceable
independently
of each
other, then 6.1.3.1 does not apply.
6.2 Dynamic

Equivalent

Axial Load

The dynamic equivalent axial load, P, for

thrust roller bearings with cx = 90, under
constant radial and axial loads, is given by

11

TABLE 5. Part 2 - Inch Values for f,, for

Cylindrical Roller Bearings and Needle
Roller Bearings)
r
r
D
we 2'

TABLE 5. Part 1 - Metric Values for f,,

for Cylindrical Roller Bearings and
Needle Roller Bearinas)

65-

y = 8()*

3.01
3.02
0.03
0.04
0.05

105.4
122.9
134.5
143.4
150.7

0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05

109.7
127.8
139.5
148.3
155.2

D
pw
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05

0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10

156.9
162.4
167.2
171.7
175.7

0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10

160.9
165.6
169.5
172.8
175.5

0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10

14074
14567
14998
15401
15760

0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10

14433
14854
15204
15500
15742

14083
14496
14845
15132
15375

13895
14298
14639
14926
15159

0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.15

179.5
183.0
186.3
189.4
192.3

0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.15

177.8
179.7
181.1
182.3
183.1

173.6
175.4
176.8
177.9
178.8

171.2
173.0
174.4
175.5
176.3

0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.15

16101
16415
16711
16989
17249

0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.15

15949
16119
16245
16352
16424

15572
15733
15859
15958
16038

15357
15518
15644
15742
15814

0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.20

195.1
197.7
200.3
202.7
205.0

0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.20

183.7
184.0
184.1
184.0
183.7

179.3
179.6
179.7
179.6
179.3

0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.20

17500
17734
17967
18182
18389

0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.20

16478
16505
16514
16505
16478

16083
16110
16119
16110
16083

0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25

207.2
209.4
211.5
213.5
215.4

0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25

183.2
182.6
181.8
180.9
179.8

-- I --

18586
18783
18972
19151
19321

0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25

16433
16379
16307
16227
16128

0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25

0.26
0.27
0.28
0.29
0.30

217.3
219.1
220.9
222.7
224.3

0.26
-

178.7
-

0.26
0.27
0.28
0.29
0.30

19492
19653
19815
19976
20120

0.26
-

16029
-

' Use to obtain C, in newtons

.in millimetres.
* Values of fcmfor intermediate

when D,, and D,, are given

values of sorr
PW

obtained by linear interpolation.

3Applicable
for 45" < cx < 60".
4 Applicable for 60" 5 (Y < 75".
*Applicable
for 75" 5 c1 < 90".

D,,coscu

are

PW

P, = X F, + Y F,
Values of X and Y are given in Table 7.
Thrust roller bearings with (X = 90 can
support axial loads only. The dynamic
equivalent axial load for this type of bearing
is given by
P, = F,
6.3 Basic Rating

Life

6.3.1 The basic rating life, L,,, for a

thrust roller bearing is given by

12

[ =

503

9454
11024
12065
12863
13518

0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05

9840
11464
12513
13303
13921

9607
11186
12217
12980
13590

9472
11033
12047
12809
13401

' Use to obti

in inches.
'Values

offc,

,&in

pounds

for intermediate

wher

rwe and U,, are grven

values of For-D-PW

obtained by linear interpolation.

3 Applicable for 45" < (Y < 60".
'Applicable
for 60" 5 (Y < 75".
'Applicable
for 75" 5 (Y < 90".

L,, =

0
$

D,.&oso(

are

PW

1013

The values of C, and P, are calculated

accordance with 6.1 and 6.2.

in

This life formula is also used for the evaluation of the life of two or more single direction thrust roller bearings operating as
a unit, as referred to in 6.1.3. In this case,
the load rating C, is calculated for the complete bearing arrangement and the equivalent load P, is calculated for the total loads

.-

TABLE 6. Part 1 - Metric Valuesior f,,

for S#pherical Roller
,

),2
D
-!Y

1.01 121.210

= 65/

, = 50-1

p1

= 805

L =

D.
90 a-

0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05

126.155
146.970
160.425
170.545
178.480

156.630
166.405
174.225

141.450
154.445
164.220
171.810

186.760
192.280
197.455
202.055

0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10

185.035
190.440
194.925
198.720
201.825

180.550
185.840
190.325
194.005
197.110

178.135
183.310
187.680
191.360
194.350

1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10

16185
16752
17248
17712
18124

0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.15

206.425
210.450
214.245
217.810
221.145

0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.15

204.470
206.655
208.265
209.645
210.565

199.640
201.710
203.320
204.585
205.620

196.880
198.950
200.560
201.825
202.745

1.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15

0.16
0.17
0.16
0.1s
0.2c

224.365
227.355
230.345
233.105
235.75C

0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.20

211.255
211.600
211.715
211.600
211.255

206.195
206.540
206.655
206.540
206.195

0.21
0.2;
0.2:
0.21
0.2E i

238.28C
240.8lC
243.225
245.525
247.7lC

0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25

210.680
209.990
209.070
208.035
206.770

0.22
0.2:
0.2t
0.2;
0.3( I

249.895
251.965
254.031
256.101
257.94:

0.26
-

205.505
-

1.02
1.03
3.04
3.05

141.335
154.675
164.910
173.305

3.06
D.07
0.08
0.09
0.10

180.435

&in

'C I.3 : to obti

in mllllirmetres.
*Values

off,,

123.165
143.405

TABLE 6. Part 2 - Inch Values for f,, for

Spherical Roller Bearinqs) -
I

newtons

whs

10893
12688
13854
14731
15411

0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10

16598
17082
I 7485
17825
18104

16195
16670
17072
17402
17681

15979
16443
16835
17165
17433

18516
18877
19218
19538
19837

0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.15

18341
18537
18681
18774
18888

17908
18093
18238
18351
18444

17660
17846
17990
18104
18186

0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.20

20126
20394
20662
20910
21148

0.16
0.17
0.18
0.20

18950
18981
18991
18981
18950

18496
18527
18537
18527
18496

0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25

21374
21601
21817
22024
22220

0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25

18898
18836
18754
18661
18547

0.2E
0.25
0.2E
0.2s
0.3c

22416
22601
22787
22973
23138

0.26
-

18434
-

D
D,,cosa
of for------are
D DW
ow

Roller Bearings
5 <e
F,

' F < e is unsuitable

' Use to obtain

in inches.

0.19

C, in pounds

when D,, and D,, are given

2 Values of f,, for intermediate

D,,cosa
values of +or
~
are
D PW
PW

obtained by linear interpolation.

'Applicable
for 45" < (Y < 60".
4Applicable
for 60" 5 (Y < 75".
'Applicable
for 75" 5 a < 90".

TABLE 7. Values of X and Y for Thrust

Single direction,
CY# 90"
Double direction,
a # 90"

: = 8()=

11048
12863
14050
14927
15628

obtained by linear interpolation.

3 Applicable for 45" < CY< 60".
Applicable
for 60" 5 o( < 75".
'Applicable
for 75" 5 a < 90".

Bearing Type

: = 69

11316
13183
14390
15298
16010

1, and IDPWare given

forintermediatevalues

10873
12678
13874
14792
15545

1121.440

[ = 50"3'

s>e

F,

XY

-1)

-.-'I

tancl

1.5tan~

1.5tancu

0.67

tancv

1t

l.Stana

for single direction

bearings.

acting on the arrangement, using the values of X and Y given for single direction
bearings in 6.2.
6.3.2 The life formula gives satisfactory
results for a broad range of bearing loads.
However, extra-heavy loads may cause
detrimental
plastic deformations
at the
roller/raceway
contacts. The user should
therefore consult the bearing manufacturer
to establish the applicability of the life formula in cases where P, exceeds 0.5 C,.

6.4 Basic Static Axial Load Rating

The basic static axial load rating for single-or double-direction
thrust roller bearings is given by the formula
c,,

= 220

D,,coscc
1 - 7
PW
1 -

C,, = 32150
i

ZL,,D,,sina

D,cosa
D
v+

where Z is the number

load in one direction.

(metric)

ZL,D,,sina

(inch)

Axial Load

The static equivalent axial load for thrust

roller bearings with OL# 90 is given by the
formula
P,, = 2.3F,tan(u + F,
This formula is valid for all ratios of radial
load to axial load in the case of doubledirection
bearings.
For single-direction
bearings, it is valid where F,/F, < 0.44 cota
and gives satisfactory but less conservative values of P,, for F,/F, up to 0.67 cota.
Thrust roller bearings with cx = 90 can
support axial loads only. The static equivalent axial load for this type of bearing is
given by the formula
Pm = Fa
6.5.1 Bearing Combinations. When calculating the static equivalent axial load for
two or more similar thrust roller bearings
mounted side by side on the same shaft

14

7. ADJUSTED

RATING LIFE

7.1 General
of rollers carrying

In cases where rollers have different

lengths, ZL,, is taken as the sum of the
lengths, defined in 3.16, of all the rollers
carrying load in one direction.
6.4.1 Bearing Combinations. The basic
static axial load rating for two or more similar single-direction
thrust roller bearings
mounted side by side on the same shaft
such that they operate as a unit (paired or
stack mounting) in tandem arrangement,
properly manufactured
and mounted for
equal load distribution, is the number of
bearings times the rating of one single-direction bearing.
6.5 Static Equivalent

such that they operate as a unit (paired or

stack mounting) in tandem arrangement,
the F, and F, values for the total loads acting
on the arrangement shall be used.

It is often satisfactory to use the basic

rating life, L,,, as a criterion of bearing performance. This life is associated with 90%
reliability, with contemporary,
commonly
used material and manufacturing
quality,
and under conventional operating conditions.
However, for many applications
it may
be desirable to calculate the life for a different reliability and/or for special bearing
properties and operating conditions which
deviate from the conventional in such a way
that it is justified to take their influence into
special consideration.
The adusted rating life, L,,, i.e. the basic
rating life adjusted for a reliability of (loon)%, for special bearing properties and for
specific operating conditions, is given by
La = ala2a3L10
Values of a, are given in Table 8. Values of
a2 and a3 are discussed in 7.4 and 7.5. The
value of L10 is calculated in accordance
with 5.3 and 6.3.
7.2 Limitations
In addition to the required fatigue life,
other factors, such as maximum permissible bearing deflection and minimum shaft
and housing strength, should be given due
consideration
when selecting the size of
bearings for a given application. Particular
discretion shall be exercised when using
adjusted rating life values which are based
on values of a2 and a3 greater than 1.
7.3 Life Adjustment
Factor for Reliability, al
Reliability is defined in 3.2. The adjusted
rating life is calculated in accordance with
7.1. Values of the life adjustment factor a,
are given in Table 8.

TABLE 8. Life Adiustment

Factor for

Reliathty, a,
Reliability
%

L na

7.4 Life Adjustment

Bearing Properties,

ing Conditions,
al
1

90
95
96
97
98
99

0.62
0.53
0.44
0.33
0.21

Factor
a2

7.5 Life Adjustment

For Special

7.4.1 A bearing may acquire special

properties, as regards life, by the use of a
special type and quality of material and/or
special manufacturing
processes and/or
special design. Such special life properties
are taken into account by the application
of the life adjustment factor a2.
The present state of knowledge does not
make it possible to define relationships between the values of a2 and quantifiable
characteristics
of the material or bearing
raceway geometry, for example. The values of a2 have therefore to be based on
experience, and may usually be obtained
from the manufacturer of the bearing.
7.4.2 The use of a certain steel analysis
and/or process as such is not sufficient justification for the use of an a, value other
than 1. Values of a2 greater than 1 may,
however be applicable to bearings made
of steel of particularly low impurity content
or of special analysis. However, if a reduced life is expected because of a hardness reduction caused by special heat
treatment, this should be considered by the
selection of a correspondingly
reduced a2
value.

Factor

For Operat-

a3

7.5.1
Of the operating conditions directly influencing bearing life, the direction
and magnitude of the load are considered
in the calculation of the equivalent load,
(5.2, 5.5, 6.2 and 6.5), and deviations from
normal load distribution are discussed in
1.3.
Operating conditions which remain to be
taken into account here include the adequacy of the lubrication (at the operating
speed and temperature), presence of foreign matter, conditions causing changes in
material properties (for example high temperature causing reduced hardness) and
mounting conditions.
The influence on
bearing life of such conditions may be
taken into account by the introduction of a
life adjustment factor as.
7.5.2 The calculation of basic rating life
in this standard assumes that the lubrication is normal, i.e. that the lubricant film in
the rolling element/raceway
contacts has a
thickness which is equal to or slightly
greater than the composite roughness of
the contact surfaces. Where this requirement is fulfilled, a3 is equal to 1, provided
a lower value does not apply, for example
because of a change in material properties
caused by the operating conditions.
7.5.3 Values of a3 less than 1 should be
considered, for example where the kinematic viscosity of the lubricant, at the operating temperature, is less than 13 mm21
s) for roller bearings and/or where the rotational speed is exceptionally low (i.e. D,
in mm times revolutions per minute is less
than 10,000).

7.4.3 A special design involving an increased or reduced uniformity of the stress

in the contacts between rolling elements
and raceways should also be considered
in the selection of the value of a2.

Values of a3 greater than 1 may be considered only where the lubrication conditions
are so favourable that the probability of failure caused by surface distress is greatly
reduced.

7.4.4 It may not be assumed that the

use of a special material, process or design
will overcome a deficiency in lubrication.
Values of a2 greater than 1 should therefore
normally not be applied if a3 is less than 1
because of such deficiency.

Manufacturers of bearings are expected

to supply recommendations
regarding appropriate values of a3 to be used in the
calculation of adjusted rating life in accordance with 7.1.
1 mm%

= IcSt

15

American National Standards

The standard in this booklet is one of more than 10,000 standards approved to date
by the American National Standards institute.
The Standards Institute provides the machinery for creating voluntary standards. It
serves to eliminate duplication of standards activities and to weld conflicting standards
into single, nationally accepted standards under the designation American National
Standards.
Each standard represents general agreement among maker, seller, and user groups
as to the best current practice with regard to some specific problem. Thus the completed
standards cut across the whole fabric of production, distribution, and consumption of
goods and services. American National Standards, by reason of Institute procedures,
reflect a national consensus of manufacturers, consumers, and scientific, technical,
and professional organizations, and governmental agencies. The completed standards
are used widely by industry and commerce and often by municipal, state, and federal
governments.
The Standards Institute, under whose auspices this work is being done, is the United
States clearinghouse and coordinating body for voluntary standards activity on the
national level. It is a federation of trade associations, technical societies, professional
groups, and consumer organizations. Some 1000 companies are affiliated with the
Institute as company members.
The American National Standards lnsitute is the United States member of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC). Through these channels U.S. standards interests make their positions felt on the international level. American National Standards are on file in the
libraries of the national standards bodies of more than 60 countries.

American

National Standards institute,

1430 Broadway
New York, N.Y. 10018

Inc