CE350 Exam 3

I. Answer the following questions (30 pts, 6 pts each):

1) In a pipe flow, head loss is divided into minor and major head loss. Explain them, or, tell what their
causes are.

2) What is the Buckingham pi theorem?

3) What is the ratio of a Froude number?

a) Elastic force vs inertia force
b) Gravity force vs inertia force
c) Inertia force vs gravity force
d) Surface tension vs inertia force

4) We learnt the boundary layer over a flat plate in classes, select correct statement(s):
a) Near the front edge and next to the plate, there is always a laminar boundary layer.
b) As the coming flow velocity is sufficiently large, there is no laminar boundary layer, and only
a turbulence boundary layer occurs.
c) Within in a turbulence boundary layer, the flow is turbulence, and no laminar flow takes place.
d) As long as the plate in infinitely long in the flow direction, a boundary layer exists over the
plate.

5) For a steady flow within a long pipe (no pump and turbine, no thermal conduction),
a) The major head loss becomes bigger if the pipe diameter becomes larger (all other factors such
as volume flow rate remain the same).
b) The friction coefficient f is always a function or Reynolds number and wall roughness.
c) The drop of EGL over a distance equals to the head loss over the distance.
d) The EGL line is parallel to the pipe.
II. Water flows under an obstacle as shown in the figure, and it exhibits a vertical force, Fv, on the
obstacle. This force is assumed to be a function of the flow rate, Q, the density of the water, ρ,
the gravity, g, and the length L. A 1:10 scale model is to be used to predict the vertical forces
on the prototype
a) Assume ρ, g, and L are the fundamental variables (they can form basic all the dimensions in
the problem), find the dimensionless numbers involved and express them into a function
relation (15 pts).
b) Assume there is dynamic similitude between the model and prototype flow. If the vertical force
in the model is measured to be 20 lb, how much will be the vertical force in the prototype. The
model and prototype flows have same fluid and gravity (10 pts)?

Object

Q
Fv
III. There is a pump with power 13.5 hp (1hp=550 lbf ft/s) and efficiency of 65%, and it pumps water
from a lake to a pool at a flow rate of 1.5 ft3/s, as shown in the figure. The water surface of the
pool is 35 ft above that of the lake. Ignores the velocity in the lake and the pool. g=32.2 ft/s2,  =
62.4 lbm/ft3.
a) Compute the head loss, hL, of the pumping system (in ft) (15 pts)
b) Suppose 70% of the head loss, hL, comes from major head loss in the pipelines before and
after the pump, the diameter of the pipelines is 0.5 m, and the wall roughness of the
pipelines is 0.001 m. Estimate the length of the total length of the pipelines. Note: you can
use either the Swamee and Jain formula or the Moody diagram, at the end of this exam
paper, to evaluate the friction coefficient (15 pts).
c) Plot EGL and HGL from the entrance to the exit of the pipelines (there is head loss at the
entrance and the exit) (15 pts)
Formulas:

1) Darcy-Weisbach eq. (f – friction factor, L – pipe length, D – diameter, g – gravity, V—average

cross section velocity)
L V2
hL ,major = f
D 2g
2) Friction coefficient

a) Swamee and Jain formula

0.25
f = 2
  k 5.74  
 log10  s + 0.9  
  3.7 D Re  

b) Moody diagram

pp