(tho;f;if tuyhWk; NghjidfSk;)

gftj; gpNuikia gug;g te;j J}jUk;> gfte; ehk rq;fPh;j;jd

Kiwapd; je;ijAkhd gfthd; = irjd;a kfhgpuG> tq;fhsj;jpYs;s
etj;tPg efuj;jpd; xU gFjpahfpa =jhk khahg;g+hpy;> 1407
rfhg;j Mz;L (ngg;uthp> 1486-k; Mz;L) /ghy;Fzp
ngsh;zkpapd; khiy Neuj;jpy; mtjhpj;jhh;. mtuJ je;ijahd>
= [fd;dhj; kp];uh;> rpy;`l; khfhzj;jpy; xU fw;wwpe;j
gpuhkzuhf ,Ue;jhh;. mr;rkaj;jpy; etj;tPgk; fy;tpf;Fk;>
fyhrhuj;jpw;Fk; ngah;ngw;w ,lkhfj; jpfo;e;jjhy;> mth; jkJ
fy;tpiaj; njhlh;tjw;fhf etj;tPgj;jpw;F te;J Nrh;e;jhh;. =y
ePyhk;gu rf;futh;j;jp etj;tPgj;ijr; Nrh;e;j rpwe;j
gz;bjuhthh;. mtuJ kfshd =kjp rr;rpNjtpiaj; jpUkzk; nra;J
nfhz;l gpd;> mth; fq;iff; fiuapy; FbNawpdhh;.
[fe;ehj; kp];uUf;Fk; mtuJ kidtpahd =kjp rr;rpNjtpf;Fk;
rpy ngz; Foe;ijfs; gpwe;jdh;. mth;fspy;

ngUk;ghd;ikapdh; ,sk; tajpNyNa ,we;J tpl;ldh;. ,Wjpapy;

ngw;Nwhhpd; ghrj;ij mDgtpf;f = tp];t&gh; kw;Wk;
tp];tk;guh; Mfpa ,U Gj;jpuh;fs; kl;LNk kpQ;rpdh;.
mth;fspy; gj;jhtjhfg; gpwe;jtUk;> ,isatUkhd tp];tk;guh;
Ntg;g kuj;jbapy; gpwe;jjdhy; gpw;fhyj;jpy; epkha;
gz;bjh; vd;Wk;> mjd;gpwF Jwtw tho;it Vw;wgpd;> gfthd;
= irjd;a kfhgpuG vd;Wk; miof;fg;gl;lhh;. ehw;gj;njl;L
Mz;Lfshf gy cd;djkhd nray;fis ntspg;gLj;jpa gfthd; =
irjd;a kfhgpuG> 1455 rfhg;j Mz;by; g+hpapy;
kiwe;jUspdhh;.
mtuJ Kjy; ,Ugj;Jehd;F Mz;Lfis mth; etj;tPgj;jpy;
khztuhfTk;> FLk;g];juhfTk; fopj;jhh;. mtuJ kidtpahd =kjp
yf;\;kpgphpah> gfthd; ntspa+Uf;Fr; nrd;wpUe;j
rkaj;jpy; ,sk;tajpNyNa ,we;JNghdhh;. fpof;F
tq;fhsj;jpypUe;J mth; jpUk;gp te;jJk;> mtuJ jhahhpd;
Ntz;LNfhspd;gb> ,uz;lhtJ kidtpahf =kjp tp\;Zgphpah
Njtpia mth; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;lhh;. gfthd; ,Ugj;J ehd;F
tajpy; Jwtwk; Nkw;nfhz;lnghOJ> tp\;Zgphpah Njtpf;F
gjpdhW taNj epuk;gpapUe;jJ. ,jdhy; mtuJ tho;ehs; KOtJk;
mth; gpuGtpd; gphpTj; JaUlNdNa tho;e;J te;jhh;.
re;epahrk; Vw;w gfthd;> jkJ jhahuhd =kjp
rr;rpNjtpapd; Ntz;LNfhSf;F ,zq;fp> [fe;ehj; g+hpiaNa jkJ
jiyikakhff; nfhz;lhh;. 24 Mz;Lfs; gfthd; g+hpapNyNa
jq;fpapUe;jhh;. ,jpy; MW tUlq;fSf;F mth; ,e;jpah KOtJk;>
Fwpg;ghfj; njd;dpe;jpah KOtJk; Rw;Wg; gazk;
Nkw;nfhz;L> =kj; ghftjj;ijg; gpurhuk; nra;jhh;. gfthd;
irjd;ah; =kj; ghftjj;ijg; gpurhuk; nra;jJld;> gftj; fPijapd;
NghjidfisAk; eilKiwf;F Vw;w tifapy; gpurhuk; nra;jhh;.
gftj; fPijapy; gfthd; = fpU\;zh; KOKjw; flTshf
rpj;jhpf;fg;gLfpwhh;. NkYk; xUth; vy;yh tifahd topghl;L
KiwfisAk; iftpl;L> gfthd; = fpU\;zh; xUtiu kl;LNk
topghl;Lf;Fhpa %h;j;jpahf Vw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj
fPijapy; gfthDila filrp cgNjrkhFk;. gfthDila gf;jh;fs; vy;yh
tifahd ght tpisTfspypUe;Jk; fhg;ghw;wg; gLthh;fs;
vd;Wk;> ftiyg;glf; fhuzkpy;iy vd:Wk; gpwF gfthd;
cWjpaspf;fpwhh;.
Jujp\;ltrkhf> gfthd; = fpU\;zh; Neubahf cj;juTfisAk;>
fPijapd; NghjidfisAk; mspj;jpUe;j NghjpYk;>

mwptw;wth;fs; mtiu rhpj;jpug; Gfo;ngw;w kdpjuhf

jg;ghfg; Ghpe;J nfhz;Ls;sdh;. ,jdhy; mtiu Mjpahd gukGU\
gfthdhf Vw;Wf;nfhs;s kWf;fpwhh;fs;. ,j;jifa mwptw;w
kdpjh;fs; gf;juy;yhjth;fshy; jtwhd topapy;
nrYj;jg;gLfpd;wdh;. ,t;thwhf gftj; fPijapd; Nghjidfs;
ngUk; gz;bjh;fshYk; $l jg;ghf tpsf;fg; gLfpd;wd. gfthd; =
fpU\;zhpd; kiwTf;Fg; gpwF fw;wwpe;j gz;bjh;fs; fPijf;F
E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd ciufis vOjpAs;sdh;. Mdhy; mtw;wpy;
ngUkghyhd ciufs; Raey Nehf;fj;Jld; vOjpaitahFk;.

=fpU\;z irjd;a kfhgpuG gfthd; = fpU\;zNuahthh;.

Mdhy;> ,k;Kiw mth; nghJkf;fs;> rkathjpfs; kw;Wk;
jj;Jtthjpfs; MfpNahUf;F> MjpGU\Uk;> rh;t fhuzq;fSf;Fk;
fhuzkhdtUkhd gftd; = fpU\;zhpd; cd;djkhd epiyiag;
gw;wp gpurhuk; nra;tjw;fhf kpfr;rpwe;j gftj; gf;juhf mth;
Njhd;wpdhh;. gpUe;jhtdj;jpy; ee;j kfhuh[dpd; Gjy;tuhfj;
Njhd;wpa = fpU\;zNu gukGU\ gfthd; vd;gjhy; mtNu
vy;NyhUila topghl;Lf;Fk; chpath; vd;gNj mtuJ
gpurhuj;jpd; rhuhk;rkhFk;. gpUe;jhtdk; gfthdpypUe;J
NtWgl;ljy;y. Vnddpy; gfthDila ngah;> Gfo;> cUtk;

kw;Wk; mth; mtjhpf;Fk; ,lk; Mfpa midj;Jk; gfthDld; vy;yh

tpjj;jpYk; xj;jpUf;fpd;wd. vdNt gfthidg; NghyNt
gpUe;jhtdKk; topglj; jFe;jjhFk;. gfthdplk; J}a md;G
nfhz;L mtiu topgLtNj> kpfTah;e;j cd;djkhd topghl;L
KiwahFk;.
gfthd; = irjd;a kfhgpuGTk; ,Jjhd; kpfr;rpwe;j topghl;L
Kiw vd;W rpghhpR nra;fpwhh;. =kj; ghftj GuhzNk
gfthidg; Ghpe;J nfhs;tjw;Fhpa Fiwaw;w ,yf;fpak; vd;gij
mth; Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhh;. NkYk; gpNuik epiyia> my;yJ gftj;
gpNuikia miltNj kdpjdpd; Kbthd Nehf;fk; vd;gijAk; mth;
gpurhuk; nra;jhh;.
gfthd; = irjd;ahpd; gf;jh;fshd =y tpUe;jhtdjh]; jhFuh;>
= Nyhrd; jh]; jhFuh;> =y fpU\;zjh] ftpuh[ Nfh];thkp> =
ftpfh;zGuh;> = gpuNghjhde;j ru];tjp> = &g Nfh];thkp>
= rdhjd Nfh];thkp> = Nfhghyg;gl;l Nfh];thkp> = [Pt
Nfh];thkp> = uFehjgl;l Nfh];thkp> = uFehj;jh]; Nfh];thkp
MfpNahUk;> fle;j ,UE}W Mz;LfSf;Fs; Njhd;wpath;fshd =
tp];tehj rf;futh;jp jhFuh;> = gyNjt tpj;ahg+\zh;> =
rpahkhde;j Nfh];thkp> = eNuhj;jk jh]; jhFuh;> =y
gf;jptpNehj; jhFuh; kw;Wk; ,Wjpahf =y gf;jp rpj;jhe;j
ru];tjp jhFuh; MfpNahUk;> kw;Wk; gy Gfo;ngw;w
gz;bjh;fSk;> gf;jh;fSk; gfthd; irjd;ahpd; tho;itAk;>
NghjidfisAk; gw;wpa gy E}y;fisAk;> ,yf;fpaq;fisAk;
jahhpj;Js;sdh;. ,j;jifa E}y;fs; midj;Jk;> Ntjq;fs;>
Guhzq;fs;> cg ep\jq;fs;> ,uhkhazk;> kfhghujk; Nghd;w
rh];jpuq;fisAk; Mjhukhff; nfhz;Ls;sd. NkYk;
mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;l Mr;rhhpahh;fshYk; mit
Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;L cs;sd. ,it jdpj;jd;ik tha;e;j xg;gw;w
Qhd E}y;fshFk;. Jujp\;ltrkhf ,e;E}y;fisg; gw;wp cyf
kf;fs; ,d;Dk; mwpahkNyNa cs;sdh;. Mdhy; ngUk;ghYk;
rk];fpUj kw;Wk; tq;fhs nkhopfspNyNa cs;s ,e;j
,yf;fpaq;fs; cyf kf;fspd; ftdj;jpw;F te;J> rpe;jpf;fj; njhpe;j
kf;fshy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLk; fhyk; tpiutpy; tUk;. mg;NghJ
,e;jpahtpd; ngUikAk;> mjd; md;Gr; nra;jpAk; cyifNa
%o;fbj;J tpLk;.
gfthd; irjd;ahpd; tho;f;if kw;Wk; cgNjrq;fisg;
gw;;wpa ,r;rpW tpsf;fj;ijg; gbg;gth;fs;> =y tpUe;jhtdjh];
jhFuh; (= irjd;a ghftjk;) kw;Wk; =y fpU\;zjh]

ftpuh[ Nfh];thkp (= irjd;a rhpjhk;Ujk;) MfpNahhpd;

E}y;fisg; gbg;gjhy; nghpJk; ed;ikailthh;fs;. gfthd;
irjd;ahpd; Muk;g tho;itg; gw;wp irjd;a ghftjj;jpd;
Mrphpah; kpfTk; mw;Gjkhf th;zpj;Js;shh;. NkYk;
irjd;ahpd; cgNjrq;fisg; nghWj;jtiu mit irjd;a
rhpjhk;Ujj;jpy; njspthf tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,g;nghOJ
,t;TgNjrq;fisf; nfhz;l E}y;> gfthd; irjd;ahpd; Nghjidfs;
(Teachings of Lord Caitanya) vDk; ngahpy; Mq;fpyj;jpy;
ntspte;Js;sJ. gfthd; irjd;ahpd; rk fhyj;jtUk;> mtuJ
Kf;fpakhd gf;jh;fspy; xUtUkhd =y Kuhhp Fg;jh;
gfthdpd; ,staJ tho;it Fwpj;J itj;Js;shh;. ,th; mf;fhyj;jpy;
xU kUj;Jtuhf ,Ue;jhh;. NkYk; = irjd;a kfhgpuGtpd;
gw;gFjp tho;T = jhNkhju Nfh];thkp> my;yJ =y nrh&g
jhNkhjuuhy; Fwpj;J itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,th; = irjd;ahpd;
me;juq;fr; nrayhsUk;> g+hpapy; mtuJ ,izgphpah
Njhoukhf ,Ue;jhh;. ,t;tpU gf;jh;fSk;> = irjd;ahpd; vy;yh
eltbf;iffisg; gw;wpAk; Fwpj;J itj;Js;sdh;. gpw;fhyj;jpy;>
=y jhNkhju Nfh];thkp Kuhhp Fg;jh; MfpNahhpd;
Fwp;g;Gg; Gj;jfq;fis (flrh) Mjhukhff; nfhz;Ljhd;>
Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l gfthd; irjd;aiug; gw;wpa E}y;fs; midj;Jk;
njhFf;fg;gl;ld.
vdNt gfthd; irjd;ah;> 1407 rfhg;j Mz;by; (1486-k;
Mz;L)> /gy;Fzp ngsh;zkp jpdj;jd;W khiy Neuj;jpy;
mtjhpj;jhh;. gfthdpd; tpUg;gg;gb md;W khiy re;jpu
fpufzkhf ,Ue;jJ. fpufz Neuj;jpy; fq;ifapNyh> kw;w Gz;zpa
ejpfspy; ePuhb> J}a;ikf;fhf Ntj ke;jpuq;fis cr;rhpg;gJ
,e;Jf;fspd; tof;fkhFk;. ,e;j re;jpu fpufzj;jpd;NghJ jhd;
gfthd; = irjd;aUk; mtjhpj;jhh;. mg;nghOJ> `Nu fpU\;z `Nu
fpU\;z fpU\;z fpU\;z `Nu `Nu `Nu uhk `Nu uhk uhk uhk
`Nu `Nu vDk; Gdpjkhd Xir ,e;jpah KOtjpYk; Koq;fpaJ.
gfthdpd; gjpdhW ehkq;fisf; nfhz;l ,k;ke;jpuk; gy
Guhzq;fspYk;> cgep\jq;fspYk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,k;ke;jpuk; fypAfj;jpd; (jhuf g;u`;k ehk) jhuf ke;jpuk;
vd;W tpthpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. gfthdpd; ,g;Gdpj ehkq;fis
Fw;wkpy;yhky; n[gpg;gjhy; mJ tPo;e;j Mj;khit ngsjpf
ge;jj;jpypUe;J tpLtpf;Fk; vd;W rh];jpuq;fspy; rpghhpR
nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. gfthdpd; vz;zw;w ehkq;fs; ,e;jpahtpYk;>
ntspapYk; cs;sd. mg;ngah;fs; midj;Jk; gukGU\ gfthidNa
Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd vd;gjhy;> mtw;iw n[gpg;gjhy; rkkhd
ed;ikiag; ngwyhk;. Mdhy; ,g;gjpdhW ehkq;fs;

Fwpg;ghf ,f;fypAfj;jpw;fhfNt rpghhpR

nra;ag;gl;bUg;gjhy;> kf;fs; ,tw;iw ed;F gad;gLj;jpf;
nfhs;s Ntz:Lk;. NkYk; Ntj rh];jpuq;fspd; tpjpfisg;
gapw;rp nra;J ntw;wp ngw;w rpwe;j Mrhh;ah;fspd;
topiaAk; mth;fs; gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk;.

gfthdpd; mtjhuKk;> re;jpu fpufzKk;

xNu rkaj;jpy; epfo;e;jJ gfthdpd; tpNr\khd
mtjhu Nehf;fj;ijNa Rl;bf;fhl;LfpwJ.
,f;fypAfj;jpy; gfthdpd; Gdpj ehkq;fisg;
ghLtjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijg; gpurhuk; nra;tNj
,e;j Nehf;fkhFk;. ,e;j Afj;jpy; mw;g
tp\aq;fSf;Fk; rz;ilfs; %s;fpd;wd. vdNtjhd;
rh];jpuq;fs; jd;Ddh;T ngWtjw;Fg; nghJthd
xU topia rpghhpR nra;fpd;wd. mJ
gfthdpd; Gdpj ehkj;ijg; ghLtjhFk;. kf;fs; xd;W$b> mtuth;
nkhopfspy;> fhJf;fpdpa ghly;fshy; gfthid Nghw;wpg;
Gfoyhk;. ,ij Fw;wkpy;yhky; nra;jhy;> gq;Nfw;gth;
gbg;gbahf Md;kPf gf;Ftj;ij miltJ epr;rak;. NtW fbdkhd
Kiwfisg; gpd;gw;w Ntz;bajpy;iy. ,j;jifa $l;lq;fspy;>
mwpthspfs;> mwptw;wth;fs;> gzf;fhuh;fs;> Vio> ,e;J>
fpwp];jth;fs;> K];ypk;> INuhg;gpah;fs;> Mq;fpNyah;fs;>
,e;jpah;fs;> gpuhkzh;fs;> kw;Wk; midtUk; cd;djkhd
Xirfisf; Nfl;L> ,jaj;jpYs;s mOf;Ffis J}a;ikg;gLj;jpf;
nfhs;syhk;. gfthdpd; mtjhu Nehf;fj;ij cWjpg;gLj;Jk;
tifapy;> cyf kf;fs; midtUk; gfthdpd; Gdpj ehkq;fis
Vw;W> ehk rq;fPh;j;jdk; vDk; xNu kjj;ij jOtpf;
nfhs;thh;fs;. mjhtJ> gfthd; = irjd;a kfhgpuGtpd;
mtjhuj;Jld; mtuJ Gdpj ehkk; mtjhpj;Js;sJ.
mth; jkJ jhapd; kbapy; Foe;ijahf ,Ue;jnghOJ> mtiur;
Rw;wpapUe;j ngz;fs; iffisj; jl;bf;nfhz;L Gdpj ehkq;fsig;
ghba caNdNa> mth; mOtij epWj;jptpLthh;. ,r;rk;gtj;ij
mf;fk;gf;fj;jpy; cs;sth;fs; tpag;NghLk;> khpahijNahLk;
fz;L fspj;jdh;. rpy rkaq;fspy; ,sk; ngz;fs; gfthid moitj;J>
gpwF Gdpj ehkq;fisr; nrhy;yp mtuJ mOifia epWj;Jtjpy;
Mde;jk; mile;jdh;.

njhlUk;