sesin

Gramtica
1.The Spanish alphabet.
Pronunciation and
orthography. Vowels and
consonants.
2.The syllable and the
Spanish
phonetic
and
spelling accent.
4. The personal pronouns.
5. Los nombres (Names
and substantives: genre
and number. Artculo
indefinido y definido.

Lxico
3. Personal
Identification.
Presentaciones. The
verbs SER y
LLAMARSE. Lxico
bsico del ambiente
domstico objetos
en el cuarto, objetos
de la casa.

1.The Spanish alphabet.Pronunciation and orthography

The Spanish alphabet is formed by the next letters:

You can see that there are only five vowels.

The names of the letters are feminine: la ele, la jota, la
ere/erre...
In general in Spanish there are not too differences between
the writing and the pronunciation.
The letter h isnt pronounced.

A. Groups of letters that represent just one sound.

The next groups of letters represent a just sound:
ch [t]
ll []
rr [r]
champ chocolate
correr

ella llave

perro

The letter q always is beside of the letter u (la letter

u is not pronounced). This group is combined always
with e and i:
qu [k]

[quatro]
c

queso quiero aqu que

B. Some letters can represent different sounds.

LETTERS
SOUND
g

a
o

gato
gota
u gustar
[g]
guerra

apagar amiga
gorra
mago
agua
antiguo
juguete

In some words
(a few words) is

gu
pronounced
i

guitarra

conseguir

the letter u. In

these cases
the letter u is written
diaeresis:

with
vergenza, pingino.
e

gerundio
g

gitano

ngel

[x]

frgil

comer poco

c
[k]
u

cuado
e

c
speakers

cenar

oscuro
hacer

The most
of the Spanish

[]
cocina

encima

dont pronounce in

these
cases the sound [ ] like
[s]:
cenar [senr]; cocina
[cosina]...
rr
Always is between vowels and is pronounced in
strong way:
carro
perro
erre
hierro
[]

r
Its pronounced in strong way at the beginning of
the word:
ropa

rer

ro

Roma

[]
and when goes after l, n o sub-:
Enrique alrededor

[alrrededor]

[Enrrique]
subrayar
r

Its pronounced in soft way in the rest of cases:

caro mejorar empezar

ahora

transporte

[r]
crece

gracias abrazo

salir

aprendo
seor
y

flor

pero

poder

At the begining of the word and between vowels:

[]

yo yate yegua
ayer hayaleyendo
y

At the end of word or only:

[i]
hoy hay rey Paraguay
detrs y delante

C. Different letter that represent one only sound.

a
cama
o correr
loco
u cubierto oscuro

c
qu

querer

quise

poca

quedar

[k]
k vocal
kilo (or quilo)

equipo

Alaska

Keroseno (or queroseno)

whisky (or gisqui) kurdo (or curdo)

In Spanish there are very little that are
written with
k, and a lot of
they are written also with c or qu.
c
e
cerrar
Spanish
pronounce in
cases [] like [s]:

pertenece

The most of the

speakers
these
cerrar[sear];plaza

[plsa]...
[]
a
of words z

zapato
plaza
o
zoo

zorro

These are a bit

that are

written with
ze/zi: zeta, zigzag...

zurdo

broma
obtener

Barcelona
cambio

vaso

volver

gente

girar

ll

llueve

llamar

haya

playa

zumo

[b]
enviar

mujer

[x]
jirafa

pollo

[]
yo

D. La
is a letter that only appear in Spanish:
[]
espaol

nio

ensear baera

2.The syllable and the Spanish phonetic and spelling

accent
The words are formed by syllables. A syllable is a
group of sounds that pronounce at the same time, in a
only hit of voice:
ven

ho-ja

plan-ta

dor
[1 syl.] [2 syl.] [2 syl.]

co-ci-na e-jem-plo or-de-na[3 syl.] [3 syl.]

[4 syl.]

 All the words have a phonetic accent. A of the syllables

have more intensidad:

...

yo

e-llos

...

s-ba-do

qu-ta-se-lo
so- f

do-min-go

po-l-ti-cos

re-ga-ln-do-se-las

In Spanish the rhyme is in general: ...

In Spanish there is only one accent (acento or tilde):
(). It is always written on the vowels of the tonic
syllable: , , , ,
(ca-f, m-vil, m-di-co...),
considering the rhythm and the ending of the word:

If it ends in
vowel, -n and -s:
ACCENT ALWAYS
WITH ACCENT
so-f
p-sa-me-lo
es-qu
to-mn-do-se-las
jar-dn
sa-ln
de-trs
fran-cs

If it ends in
consonant

WITH

(except -n and -s):

WITH ACCENT:
c-mic
m-si-ca
l-piz

pl-ta-no

l-bum

Finally when we have the stressed accent in i or u next to a,

e or o, those vowels (i or u) always have accent:
Ma-r-a

d-a

gr-a

do

3.Identicarse. Personal Identification

a-h

le--do

o--

In administrative situation its possible to find:

The verbs SER y LLAMARSE: Present.

Vocabulary about home

Cuarto, habitacin Ropero, armario
Cama
Ordenador
Televisin
Cuarto de bao
Mueble-bar
Saln-comedor
Sof Silln
Salita (de estar)
Ventana
Cocina
Puerta
Escritorio
Espejo
Mesa

Silla
Pared
Techo
Suelo

4. Los Pronombres personales. The personal pronouns

The people who talk:
nosotros, (pl)
nosotras
The people who we talk of:
vosotros,
vosotras

yo (sing)

usted(respect)
ustedes(respect)
The people who are talked of: l, ella
ellos, ellas
In Spanish the use of personal pronouns have an emphasis
meaning.

5.Substantives and the indefinite and definite article: genre

and number.
In Spanish the substantives have genre: masculine or
feminine. The mark of the genre is the definite article.
MASCULINOS un/el arte, un/el pas FEMENINOS una/la
mesa,
la/una poltica
When a feminine substantive begin for strong a, we use
the masculine singular article: el/un agua, el/un arma,
el/un alma.
In Spanish there is a indefinite article (un/unos;
una/unas) and a definite article (el/los; la/las). The use
is similar of English. So the indefinite one is used when
we want to talk about an unknown thing or person by the

listener until that moment. In the other hand, the definite

one refers the thing or person just known in the
conversation. The indefinite article is used as well like a
pronouns when doesnt appear in front of the
substantive.
By other side, the substantives have also different
ends for the genre:

And all the substantives have its form in singular and

plural: