Hng dn v Matlab/Simulink

1. Gii thiu
MATLAB (Matrix Laboratory) l mt phn mm khoa hc c thit k cung cp
vic tnh ton s v hin th ha bng ngn ng lp trnh cp cao. MATLAB cung cp
cc tnh nng tng tc tuyt vi cho php ngi s dng thao tc d liu linh hot di
dng mng ma trn tnh ton v quan st. Cc d liu vo ca MATLAB c th c
nhp t "Command line" hoc t "mfiles", trong tp lnh c cho trc bi
MATLAB.
MATLAB cung cp cho ngi dng cc toolbox tiu chun ty chn. Ngi dng cng
c th to ra cc hp cng c ring ca mnh gm cc "mfiles" c vit cho cc ng
dng c th.
Chng ta c th s dng cc tp tin tr gip ca MATLAB cho cc chc nng v cc
lnh lin quan vi cc toolbox c sn (dng lnh help).
V d: Command Window: >> help plot
Mn hnh tiu chun sau khi khi ng Matlab:

s dng Simulink:

2. S dng Matlab
a/ nh ngha bin:
Chng ta cn hiu c cch Matlab thao tc vi cc ma trn. V d mt mng cc gi tr
A = 1, 0, 9, 11, 5 cng l ma trn 1x5, B = 9 l ma trn 1x1. lu bin A, ti ca s
lnh, g vo lnh:

Matlab s hin th kt qu:

khng hin th kt qu trn mn hnh, chng ta dng du ; ti cui cu lnh.

xc nh kch thc mt ma trn hay mng, dng lnh size

Trong Matlab, cc hng ca ma trn c cch bi ; v cc ct c ngt bi ,. V d

ma trn B c cc thnh phn nh sau:
Dng 1: 1, 0, 9, 4, 3
Dng 2: 0, 8, 4, 2, 7
Dng 3: 14, 90, 0, 43, 25
(c th dng khong trng thay cho , ngt ct)

Chng ta c th cng, tr, nhn, chia cc ma trn bng cc ton t n gin +, -, *, / trong
Matlab. Ta cng c th to ra bin mi t cc ma trn c sn, v d nh:
(du : i din cho tt c cc ct trong hng 2)

Hoc c th t hp mt ma trn mi t cc ma trn c sn

Hoc c th xa cc hng hay ct ca mt ma trn

Mt khi cc bin c nhp, chng s c hin th trong vng lm vic. Chng ta c th

double click vo tn bin trong vng lm vic m ra ca s Variable Editor, y
chng ta c th sa cha cc gi tr nh trong Excel.

b/ Lm vic vi mng
Nhp vo Matlab 2 ma trn A, B
>> A = [1 2 3;4 5 6;7 8 0]
A=
1

>> B = [2 4 6;0 3 7;9 8 1]

B=
2

Ton t
+

M t
Php cng

Php tr

Php nhn

.*

Php nhn phn t vi phn

t

Php chia theo chiu phi

V d
>> C=A+B
C=
3 6 9
4 8 13
16 16 1
>> C=A-B
C=
-1 -2 -3
4 2 -1
-2 0 -1
>> C=A*B
C=
29 34 23
62 79 65
14 52 98
>> C=A.*B
C=
2 8 18
0 15 42
63 64 0
>> C=A/B

Php chia theo chiu tri

./

Php chia phn t (phi)

.\

Php chia phn t (tri)

.^

Element-by-element power
Ly s m phn t - phn t

C=
0.5000 0.0000 0.0000
3.6875 -2.2500 -0.3750
-8.3125 6.7500 2.6250
>> C=A\B
C=
-4.5556 -5.3333 -4.5556
5.1111 5.6667 4.1111
-1.2222 -0.6667 0.7778
>> C=A./B
C=
0.5000 0.5000 0.5000
Inf
1.6667 0.8571
0.7778 1.0000
0
>> C=A.\B
C=
2.0000 2.0000 2.0000
0
0.6000 1.1667
1.2857 1.0000
Inf
>> C=A.^B
C=
1
16
729
1
125
279936
40353607 16777216
0

c/ M-file
Ngoi phng php g lnh trc tip ca s lnh, chng ta cn c th to mt script mfile gm tp hp cc lnh g ca s lnh. Khi chy mfile, cc lnh ny s c thc
hin tng t nh ca s lnh.
Menu File New Script

3. Simulink
Simulink l mt cng c trong Matlab dng m hnh, m phng v phn tch cc h
thng ng vi mi trng giao din s dng bng ha. Vic xy dng m hnh c
n gin ha bng cc hot ng nhp chut v ko th. Simulink bao gm mt b th
vin khi vi cc hp cng c ton din cho c vic phn tch tuyn tnh v phi tuyn.
Simulink l mt phn quan trng ca Matlab v c th d dng chuyn i qua li trong
qu trnh phn tch, v v vy ngi dng c th tn dng c u th ca c hai mi
trng.
Hng dn s dng Simulink:
C th m Simulink bng 2 cch:
- Click vo biu tng nh hnh di (Simulink icon)

- T ca s lnh, nh lnh simulink v enter

Ca s th vin Simulink s hin th:

Khung tm
kim

Cc khi chc nng

Th vin

To mt m hnh mi bng cch:

- Click vo icon New model hoc g Ctrl-N

Menu File New Model

Ca s xy dng m hnh xut hin:

Vng lm vic, xy dng

m hnh

To cc khi: t th vin Simulink chn khi cn dng, nhp chut vo v ko ra ra ca

s m hnh

Lu tr m hnh bng lnh Save (File Save) hoc nhp vo icon Save

Dch chuyn cc khi n gin bng cch nhp vo khi v ko th

Ni tn hiu: a con chut ti ng ra ca khi (du >), khi con chut s c dng
+. Ko r chut ti ng vo ca mt khi khc v th ra kt ni tn hiu.

M phng m hnh: Dng lnh Start (Menu Simulation Start) hoc nhp chut vo
icon Start

Xem tn hiu t Scope: nhp i vo khi Scope

Chnh thng s ca mt khi bng cch nhp i vo khi cn chnh

Trc khi m phng m hnh Simulink, chng ta cn t cc thng s m phng bng
cch chn menu Simulation Configuration Parameters

 ca s Configuration Parameters, chng ta c th t mt s thng s nh Start

time, Stop time (second giy), v phng php gii Solver, Solver options,.. sau
nhn nt OK

Tham kho
1. Ti liu hng dn ca phn mm Matlab
2. http://edu.levitas.net/Tutorials/Matlab/
Ti liu t c:
Introduction to Simulink with Engineering Applications
Link download: http://www4.hcmut.edu.vn/~nntu/