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Lightning Protection Design
Lightning Protection Design
Design
Management
Construction
6 14 Bringelly Road
Kingswood, Australia
NSW, 2747
ACN: 132586675
www.NeecGroup.com
Info@neecgroup.com
Phone: 0415 77 55 75
ABN: 86132586675
S = 2 I + 301 e 6.8
(1)
Love
S = 10I 0.65
(2)
Whitehead
2
S = 9.4 I 3
(3)
IEEE
S = 8I 0.65
(4)
Suzuki
S = 3.3I 0.78
Where
(5)
Management
6 14 Bringelly Road
Kingswood, Australia
NSW, 2747
ACN: 132586675
Construction
www.NeecGroup.com
Info@neecgroup.com
Phone: 0415 77 55 75
ABN: 86132586675
Many leading lightning investigators such as J. G Anderson and Mousa [2] support the usage of
IEEE equation. This study will use the IEEE equation. There are two common methods to approach
the lightning design:
the fixed angle
the rolling sphere,
This paper will discuss the rolling sphere method design. In this method the value of the lightning
direct strike current will determine the radius of the circle. Many countries including Australia set in
their standards the level of protection based on the level the stroke current, table I shows the four
level of protection in Australia and its relevant sphere radius and stroke current.
TABLE I.
Protection
Level
1
2
3
4
Sphere
radius (m)
20
30
45
60
Interception
Current (kA)
2.9
5.4
10.1
15.7
To determine what level of protection is needed it is recommended to liaise with the local
Meteorology Bureau to determine the probability level of lighting in the desired area. If this
information is not available it is recommend to use protection level one in the design.
The idea behind mast is to find a low resistive path for the lightning to discharge into the ground.
The ground resistivity should be less than 10 ohms for the lightning system according to many
standards such as IEEE and AS/NZS. This resistivity will by the soil resistivity value and the type
of grid used.
A.
Management
Construction
6 14 Bringelly Road
Kingswood, Australia
NSW, 2747
ACN: 132586675
www.NeecGroup.com
Info@neecgroup.com
Phone: 0415 77 55 75
ABN: 86132586675
Figure 1.
H = a a 2 a 2 (a d )2 + T
(6)
Where
a: the radius of the sphere
d: the heights of the protected object
T: the distance between the mast and the far corner of the protected object
Knowing the dimension of the house and the location of the mast, equation 8 is used to determine
the heights of the required mast.
Double masts protection
Sometimes using one mast to protect the house required a very high mast. Reduction of the height is
possible by using two masts to protect the house. Figure 2 shows the method of protection using 2
masts:
B.
Where:
a: the radius of the sphere
d: the heights of the protected object
M: the distance between the two masts
Note that this formula (7) will only protect a thin object like a Bus-Bar and will not provide
protection for a cubical object like house. More information will be shown in the case study section.
Management
Construction
6 14 Bringelly Road
Kingswood, Australia
NSW, 2747
ACN: 132586675
www.NeecGroup.com
Info@neecgroup.com
Phone: 0415 77 55 75
ABN: 86132586675
Figure 2.
M
H = a + d a2
2
(7)
C.
Management
6 14 Bringelly Road
Kingswood, Australia
NSW, 2747
ACN: 132586675
Construction
www.NeecGroup.com
Info@neecgroup.com
Phone: 0415 77 55 75
ABN: 86132586675
(a)
(b)
Figure 3.
Management
Construction
6 14 Bringelly Road
Kingswood, Australia
NSW, 2747
ACN: 132586675
www.NeecGroup.com
Info@neecgroup.com
Phone: 0415 77 55 75
ABN: 86132586675
R=
M
2Cos (30)
(8)
H = a + d a 2 0.25 L2 + G 2
Figure 4.
(9)