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Functions
Functions
1.0 RELATIONS
Notes :
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Q : Codomain
Q
A : Domain
_4
_5
1_
b is the
image
a is the
object
B : Codomain
4 is the image of 1 ;
The Object of 6 is 3.
(iv)
EXAMPLE
QUESTION
1.
1.
P = { 2, 4, 6}
Q = {2, 3, 6, 7, 10}
P = { 1, 2, 3}
Q = {2, 4, 6, 7, 10}
State
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
State
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
the image of 1,
the object of 4,
the domain,
the codomain,
the range,
the type of relation
Functions
Ans: 4 and 6
Ans: 1
Ans: { 1, 2, 3 }
Ans: {2,4,6,7,10}
Ans: { 4, 6, 7 }
Ans: many-to-many
the image of 4,
the objects of 2,
the domain,
the codomain,
the range,
the type of relation
Ans:
Ans:
Ans:
Ans:
Ans:
Ans:
(i) f (3)
QUESTION
1. Given the function f : x 2 x + 3 ,
(ii) f (-4)
f(x) = 2 x + 1
(i) f ( 3 ) = 2 (3 ) + 1
= 6+1
= 7
=
(ii) f(-1) = 2 ( ) + 3
= -4+1
-3
(i) g ( 0 ) = 02 - 3
= x2 - 5
(i) g ( 0 ) =
=
= -3
(ii) g (4) = 42 - 3
(ii) g (2) =
= 16 3
13
6
4
, x ,
3x 4
3
find h (2).
find h(3).
6
h ( x) =
3x 4
h(2) =
Functions
g (x)
= 0 - 3
Jawapan :
f(x) = 2 x + 3
(i) f(3) = 2( ) + 3
Answer :
(ii) f (-1)
Jawapan:
6
3(2) 4
6
2
h ( x) =
h(3) =
9
3
, x ,
2
2x 3
QUESTION
1. Given the function f : x 3 x + 1 , find
1. f ( x ) = 3x + 1
(a) f ( 0 ) = 3 ( 0 ) + 1
=
(a) f (0)
(b) f (3)
(c) f(-2)
(d) f(4)
(e) f(-3)
2.
(a) g (0) =
(a) g (0)
(b) g (2)
(c) g (4)
(d) g (-3)
(e) g (-1)
6
, find
3 4x
(a) h (0)
(b) h (1)
(c) h ( 1 )
2
(d) h(-3)
(e) h ( 1 )
4
Functions
g(x) = x2 - 3x
QUESTION
1. Given that f : x 4 x 3 , find the value of x if
f(x) = 17.
if f(x) = 5.
Answer :
f (x) = 2 x 1
Answer :
2x1 = 5
4 x 3 = 17
2x
= 6
4x
= 3
if f(x) = -7.
Answer :
f (x) = 4 x 3
f(x) = 4.
Answer :
f (x) = 5 x + 3
5 x + 3 = -7
5x
= - 10
= -2
3. Given that g : x x + 2 , find the value of y 3. Given that g : x 3 x 2 , find the value of y if
if g(y) = 2y - 3
Answer :
g(y) = 2y + 4.
g(x) = x + 2
Answer :
g(y) = y + 2
y+2 = 2y3
3+2 = 2y-y
y
= 5
4. Given that f : x 7 x 3 , g : x 4 x + 15 ,
find the value of p if f(p) = g(p).
Answer :
4. Given that f : x 2 x 10 , g : x 4 x + 2 ,
find the value of x if f(x) = g(x).
f(x) = 7x 3, g(x) = 4x + 15
f(p) = 7p 3, g(p) = 4p + 15
f(p)
g(p)
7p 3 = 4p + 15
Functions
3p
18
QUESTION
5. Given f : x 3 x 9 , g : x x 7 , find the
value of x if f(x) = 3 g(x).
f(x) = 2x - 10 , g(x) = x 7
2x 10 = - 2 (x 7)
2x - 10 = - 2x + 14
4x
24
= 6
of x if f (x) = x2.
A:
f (x) = x2.
f(x) = 3x + 4
x2 = 3x + 4
x2 - 3x 4 = 0
(x + 1) (x 4) = 0
x = -1 or x = 4
7. Given that g : x 3 x 2 6 , find the values of 7. Given that g : x 2 x 2 5 , find the values of y if
y if g (y) = 6 .
A:
g(x)
g(y)
(3) :
g (y) = 45 .
= 3x2 6
= 3y2 - 6
3y2 - 6
= 6
3y2 12
= 0
y 4
= 0
(y + 2) (y 2) = 0
y = -2 or y = 2
8. Given that g : x 3 x 2 6 , find the values of 8. Given that g : x 2 x 2 3 , find the values of p if
g(p) = - 5p .
p if g (p) = 7p.
A:
g(x)
3x2 6
3p2 - 6
7p
3p2 7p - 6 =
(3p+2) (p 3) =
g(p)
3p2 - 6
p=
Functions
2
3
atau
p=3 .
1.
ANSWER
f(x) = 2x 5 , g(x) = x + 2
(a) f(x)
2x 5
2x
x
= 7
= 7
=
=
2. f (x) =
g(x) =
(a) f (p) = -5
3p + 4 = -5
3. f (x)
= f(
4.
f (x) =
g : x 12 4 x , find
(a) the image of 3 that is mapped by f .
(b) the values of x if f(x) = x,
(c) the values of y if f(y) = g(y).
Functions
f(-2) = 3(-2)2 12
=
g(x) =
EXAMPLE 2 :
find fg(3).
gf(4).
Answer :
= 6
fg(3) = f [ g(3) ]
= 38
= f ( 6)
= -5
= 3 (6) - 4
gf(4) = g (-5)
= (-5)2
= 14
= 25
EXERCISES
1. Given that f : x 2 x + 1 and g : x 3 x ,
find f g(1) .
find gf(3).
g : x 4 x 1 , find
(a) f g(1)
Functions
g : x 4 2 x , find
(b) gf(1)
(a) f g(0)
(b) gf(0)
find fg(2) .
gf(7) .
find
(b) gf(1)
(a) fg(0)
g : x 2 x , find
(a) fg(-1)
(b) gf(0)
(a) fg(-2)
(b) gf(-2)
(b) gf(-1)
g : x 2 3 x + x 2 , find
g : x 1 4 x + 3x 2 , find
(a) fg(1)
(a) fg(-1)
Functions
(b) gf(1)
(b) gf(-1)
EXAMPLE 2 :
Answer :
Answer :
f(x) = 3x - 2
g(x) = 3 4x
g(1) = 3 4(1) = -1
f(2) = 3(2) 2 = 4
f2(2) = f [ f(2) ]
gg(1) = g [g(1)]
= f ( 4)
= g ( -1)
= 3 (4) 2
= 3 4 (-1)
= 10
= 3+4
= 7
EXERCISES
1. Given that f : x 2 x + 3 , find f 2(2) .
Functions
EXAMPLE 2 :
f : x 3x + 1 ,
Given
f(x) = 3x + 1
thus
(a)
f(2)
= 3(2) + 1
g : x 5 4x ,
Given
g(x) = 5 4x
thus
(a)
g(2)
= 5 4(2) = 5 8 = -3
= 7
(b)
g(a)
= 5 4a
(b)
f(a)
= 3a+1
(c)
g(p) = 5 4p
(c)
f(p)
=3p+1
(d)
g(3k) = 5 4(3k) = 5 12 k
(d)
f(2k) = 3 (2k) + 1 = 6k + 1
(e)
g(x2) = 5 4x2
(e)
f(2x) = 3 (2x) + 1 = 6x + 1
(f)
g (3+2x) = 5 4 (3+2x)
(f)
f(x ) = 3 x + 1
= 5 12 8x
= - 7 8x
EXERCISES
1. Given
f : x 2x + 3 ,
2 Given
f(x) = 2x + 3
thus
g : x 2 4x .
g(x) =
(a)
g (2)
(b)
g(a)
(c)
g(s)
(d)
f(2k) =
(d)
g(3x) =
(e)
f(x2)
(e)
g(x2) =
(f)
f(-x2 ) =
(f)
g (3+2x) =
(g)
f( - 3x)
(g)
g(2 4x) =
(a)
f(2)
= 2(2) + 3 =
(b)
f(a)
(c)
f(p)
Functions
thus
10
f : x 4 2x ,
2 Given
f(x) = 4 2x
thus
(a)
f(3)
= 4 2 (3) =
(b)
f(-x)
(c)
f(2+x)
(d)
g(x) =
(a)
g(-1)
(b)
g(2x)
(c)
g(x-2) =
f(3 -x) =
(d)
g(-3x) =
(e)
f(x2)
(e)
g(x2) =
(f)
f(-x2 +2) =
(f)
g (1-2x) =
3. Given
thus
=
=
f : x 1 x ,
4 Given
f(x) =
thus
g : x 2x + 1 .
g : x 2( x + 2) ,
g(x) =
(a)
f(10)
(a)
g(-1)
(b)
f(3x)
(b)
g(2x)
(c)
f(2 - x)
(c)
g(x-1) =
(d)
f(4+x) =
(d)
g(-x) =
(e)
f(2x- 3) =
(e)
g(x2) =
(f)
f(x2) =
(f)
g (1+2x) =
Functions
thus
11
EXAMPLE 2 :
find fg(x).
Answer :
f(x) = 3x - 4 , g(x) = 2x
fg(x) = f [ g(x) ]
Answer:
= f ( 2x)
= 3 (2x) - 4
= g (3 2x)
= 6x 4
= (3- 2x)2
OR
OR
fg(x) = f [ g(x) ]
gf(x) = g[f(x)]
= 3 [g(x)] - 4
= [f(x)]2
= 3 (2x) 4
= (3- 2x)2
thus gf : x (3 2 x) 2
= 6x-4
EXERCISES
1. Given that f : x 2 x + 3 and g : x 4 x ,
find fg(x) .
g : x 2 x 1 , find
(a) fg(x)
Functions
find
(b) f g
(b) gf(x)
12
(b) gf
g : x 2 2 x , find
(a)
fg(x)
(b) gf(x)
g : x 1 3 x , find
(a) fg(x)
(b) gf(x)
Functions
(b) gf
g : x 5 + 2 x , find
(a) fg(x)
(b) gf
(b) gf(x)
13
(b) gf
f(x) = 3x + 2
f2(x) = f [f(x)]
= f (3x + 2)
or 3f(x) + 2
= 3(3x+2) + 2
=
3. Given that g : x 1 3 x , find gg(x)
9. Given that g : x
Functions
1
x , find g 2(x).
2
14
2
, find the function f 2.
x2
OR
EXAMPLE 1.
METHOD 1
METHOD 2
Given f(x) = 2x 3 ,
then
f 1( 2x 3 ) = x.
f 1 ( y ) = x
Given
f(x) = 2x 3
then
f(y) = 2y 3
f 1 ( 2y 3 ) = y
when y = 2x 3
f 1 ( x ) = y
y + 3 = 2x
x =
y+3
2
x + 3 = 2y
y =
y+3
2
f 1(y) =
f 1 (x) =
x+3
2
f 1(x) =
when x = 2y 3
x+3
2
2. If y = 4x 2 , then x =
3x 2 = y
4x 2 = y
3x
4x
= y+2
=
y+2
3
3. If y = 3 6x , then x =
4. If y = 4 5x , then x =
5. If y = 3 + 5x , then x =
6. If y = 10x 4 , then x =
Functions
15
x+3
2
2x 5
, then x =
4
2. If y =
3x 2
, then x =
5
2x 5
= y
4
2x 5 = 4y
2x
3. If y = 5 + 6x , then x =
5. If y = 6 +
3
x , then x =
2
4. If y = 4
6. If y = 6x 9 , then x =
7. If y =
1
3x 2
, then x =
8. If y =
9. If y =
x +1
4x 2
, then x =
10. If y =
Functions
1
x , then x =
2
16
2
, then x =
4 x
2x
, then x =
3 x
EXAMPLE 2 :
Given that f : x
f(x) = 4x 6
so
f (y) = 4y 6
then
f 1( 4y 6 ) = y.
f 1( x ) = y when x = 4y 6
f(x) =
2x + 1
2 x
so
f(y) =
2y +1
2 y
f 1(
x + 6 = 4y
y=
f 1(x) =
f 1(x).
Given
then
2y +1
) = y
2 y
f 1( x ) = y when x =
x+6
4
2x + 1
, x 2,
2 x
2y +1
2 y
x(2 - y) = 2y + 1
x+6
4
2x xy = 2y + 1
2x 1 = 2y + xy
2x 1 = y(2 + x)
y =
f 1( x ) =
2x 1
2+ x
2x 1
, x -2.
x+2
EXERCISES
1. Given that f : x 4 + 8x , find f 1.
Functions
17
2x 5
, find f 1 (x).
4
Functions
x+2
, find f 1(x).
4x 2
2. Given that g : x 3
1
x , find g1 .
2
3x 2
, find g1 (x).
6
8. Given that g : x 3
18
3
x , find g 1 .
4
2x
, find g1 (x).
4 x
METHOD 2
[ Without finding f 1(x) ]
f(x) = 2x + 1
f 1(7) = k
Let
when
y =
1
f (x) =
f 1(7) =
=
f(k) = 7
x = 2y + 1
x 1 = 2y
2k + 1 = 7
x 1
2
2k = 6
k = 3
x 1
2
f 1(7) = 3
7 1
2
3
( If you are not asked to find f 1( x ) but only want to have the value of f 1( a ), then use Method 2 )
EXERCISES
1. Given that f : x x + 2, find the value of
f 1(3).
g1(2).
g1 (5).
g1(2).
8. Given that g : x
1
x , find the value of
2
g1(4).
9. Given that f : x
4
, find the value of
x 3
10. Diberi g : x
f 1 ( -1 ).
Functions
19
3
, cari nilai g-1(-1).
2 x
Finding the Other Related Component Function when given a Composite Function
and One of its Component Function
TYPE 1 ( Easier Type )
Given the functions f and fg, find the function g.
OR
Given the functions g and gf, find the function f.
EXAMPLE :
1. Given the functions f : x 2 x + 3 and
f(x) = 2x + 3
Answer :
f(x) = 2x 5
fg(x) = 6x 1
Find g(x) from
fg(x) = 6x 1
gf(x) = 10x 25
Find g(x) from
gf(x) = 10x 25
f [g(x)] = 6x 1
g [ f(x) ] = 10x 25
2 g(x) + 3 = 6x 1
g ( 2x 5) = 10x 25
2 g(x)
= 6x 4
g ( 2y 5) = 10y 25
g(x)
= 3x - 2
g(x) = 10y 25
when x = 2y 5
x + 5 = 2y
y=
So :
g(x) = 10 (
x+5
) 25
2
= 5x + 25 25
EXERCISES
1. Given the functions f : x 2 x + 2 and
g(x) = 5x
Answer :
Answer :
Functions
20
x+5
2
Answer :
Answer :
Answer :
Answer :
5.
Answer :
Answer :
Answer :
Answer :
Answer :
Functions
21
Answer :
Answer :
4.
Answer :
Answer :
6.
Answer :
Answer :
8.
Answer :
Answer :
Functions
22
2.
P = { 1, 2}
2, 3}
Q = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
the images of 1,
the object of 4,
the domain,
the codomain,
the range,
the type of relation
Ans:
Ans:
Ans:
Ans:
Ans:
Ans:
p
q
r
s
g : x x 3 , find
h : x x 2 3 , find
(a) f 1 (5) ,
(b) gf (x) .
(a) g 1 (3) ,
(b) hg (x) .
5.
a
b
c
h : x x + x 2 , find
h : x 2 x 2 , find
(a) f 1 (3) ,
(b) hf (x) ,
(c) f2 (x) .
(a) f 1( 1) ,
(b) hf (x) ,
(c) f h(x).
Functions
23
: x nx +
3
,
4
[ m = 3 ; n =
1
4
[ a = 8 ; b = 1 ]
4
,
3
[ k = 16 ; m = 4 ]
[a=2;b=6]
11. Given that g(x) = mx + n and g2 (x) = 16x 25 ,
2x 3
12. Given the inverse function f 1 ( x) =
, find
find the values of m and n.
2
(a) the value of f(4),
(b) the value of k if f 1 (2k) = k 3 .
[ m = 4 , n = 5 ; m = 4 , n =
Functions
25
3
24
[ (a)
11
2
; (b) k =
1
2
2.
g:x
x
g : x + 1 , find
5
(a) f (x) ,
(b) f 1 g(x) ,
(c) h(x) such that hg(x) = 2x + 6 .
x + 15
10
x+2
3
3.
(b)
(c) 10x 4
mx
,
Diagram 2 shows the function h : x
x
x 0 , where m is a constant.
x
2 , find
3
(a) f 1 (x) ,
(b) f 1 g(x) ,
(c) h(x) such that hg(x) = 6x 3 .
(a)
(a)
x +1
2
4.
(b)
(c) 18x + 9
1
1
x
6
2
x 2 , where p is a constant.
mx
x
p + 3x
,
x2
p + 3x
x2
1
2
Diagram 3
Diagram 2
Find the value of p.
Find the value of m.
m=4
Functions
p=4
25