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IntroductinSDH andPDH
IntroductinSDH andPDH
SDH
On Job Training July 2006
PT Indonesia Comnets Plus
Agenda
2 Mbps
8 Mbps
8 Mbps
34 Mbps
34 Mbps
140 Mbps
Multiplexing hierarchy
Developing networks
Tributary access
No commont standard
What we need
SDH Definition
Advantages of SDH
Section
Overhead
Multiplexer
Section
OverHead
Virtual Container
Payload
Payload
OverHead
The Payload
9 Rows
= 8 bits/byte
261 x N Columns
9 x N Columns
On Job Training, July 2006
PT Indonesia Comnets Plus
The principle for SDH signal frame transmission is: the bytes (8-bit)
within the frame structure is transmitted byte-by-byte (bit-by-bit) from
left to right and from top to bottom. After one row is transmitted, the
next row will follow. After one frame is completed, the next frame will
start
ITU-T defines the frequency to be 8000 frames per second for all
levels in STM hierarchy
STM-1 Rate :
9 rows x 270 columns x 8 bits/byte x 8000 frames per second
= 155.52 Mb/s
STM-4 Rate :
9 rows x (270 x 4) columns x 8 bits/byte x 8000 frames per second
= 622 Mb/s
OVERHEAD ANALYSIS
SDH
SDH
TERMINAL
MULTIPLEXER
SDH
TERMINAL
MULTIPLEXER
SDH DIGITAL
X-CONNECT
MSOH
RSOH
POH
MSOH
RSOH
RSOH
Multiplexer Section
Path
Regenerator Section
OVERHEAD ANALYSIS
PATH OVERHEAD
Parity check
VC structure
User channel
11
OVERHEAD ANALYSIS
PATH OVERHEAD
1
VC4
261
J1
B3
C2
G1
F2
H4
F3
K3
N1
contd.
Mapping
AUG-64
STM-64
Aligning
4
1
STM-16
Multiplexing
AUG-16
Pointer processing
4
1
STM-4
AUG-4
4
1
STM-1
1
AU-4
AUG-1
VC-4
C-4
139264 kbit/s
1
TUG-3
TU-3
VC-3
C-3
34368 kbit/s
TU-12
VC-12
C-12
2048 kbit/s
7
TUG-2
Go to glossary
C3
1 1
34M
Rate
Adaptation
Add POH
P
O
H
Next
page
9
Packing
125s
84
9
Mapping 1
125s
85
1
H1
H2
H3
TUG-3
1
86
Fill
gap
261
P
O
R R
H
3
R
9
Aligning
86
1 H1
H2
H3
1st
align
VC-4
Stuffing
9
Multiplexing
Multiplexing route: 1X34M 1XTU-3 3XTUG-3 1XAU-4---One STM-1 can load three
34Mbit/s signals
Same as
for C4
POH
1
4
1
2M
Rate
Adaptation
1
1
Add
POH
9
Packing
TU12
VC12
C12
125s
1
Add
Pointer
9
Mapping
Aligning
Next
page
9
TU-PTR
TUG-2
1
86
12
1
1
7
R R
9
Multiplexing
Multiplexing
Same
as for
C3
Bidirectional Traffic
Unidirectional Traffic
a) Uniformly routed
Clockwise and
counter-clockwise
The traffic is on
different equipment
and links
a) Uniformly routed
b) Diversely routed
B
P
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On Job Training, July 2006
PT Indonesia Comnets Plus
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switch
On Job Training, July 2006
PT Indonesia Comnets Plus
Protection channels
Working channels
APS controller:
Transition of APS controller status:
I
WT
R
WTR
Structure:
Four fibers
Working channels--S1,S2, carry normal traffic
Protection channels--P1,P2, protect normal
traffic
SubNetwork Connection
Protection
Description:
1
2
3
W
o
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k
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S
N
C
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u
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On Job Training, July 2006
PT Indonesia Comnets Plus
1
2
3
SubNetwork Connection
Protection
Protection
Working
Working
Switch
Traffic out
Bridge
Traffic in
Switch
Bridge
SubNetwork Connection
Protection
Traffic out
Traffic in
Protection
Working
Working
Failure
Switch
Traffic out
Bridge
Traffic in
On Job Training, July 2006
PT Indonesia Comnets Plus
SubNetwork Connection
Protection
Protection Restoration:
Restoration time - 10 minutes (5-12 minutes)
S1
S1
P1
P1
D
C
A
D
B
C
switch