Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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PART-A
1.
Two thermally insulated compartments 1 and 2 are filled with a perfect gas and are connected by a short tube
having a valve which is closed. The pressures, volumes and absolute temperatures of the two compartments
are respectively (p1, V1, T1) and (p2, V2, T2). After opening the valve, the temperature and the pressure of
both the compartments respectively are (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Ans.
[Bonus]
Sol.
C V p1V1 C V p 2 V2
R
R
p'
T1T2 ,
p1V1 p 2 V2
V1 V2
T1 T2 p1V1 p 2 V2
,
2
V1 V2
C V p'
[V1 + V2]
R
p1V1 p 2 V2
V1 V2
n1 + n2 = n1' n '2
*Law of mole conservation
p1V1 p 2 V2
RT1 RT2
?T'=
p' V1 p' V2
RT ' RT'
T1T2 (p1V1 p 2 V2 )
(p1V1T2 p 2 V2 T1 )
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2.
An inductance coil is connected to an ac source through a 60 ohm resistance in series. The source voltage,
voltage across the coil and voltage across the resistance are found to be 33 V, 27 V and 12 respectively.
Therefore, the resistance of the coil is (a) 30 ohm
Ans.
(b) 45 ohm
(d) 75 ohm
[b]
Sol.
L,R
60:
27V
12V
~
VS = 33
I=
12
60
1
5
VS2
VS2
2
VL2 VR2 2VR V60 V60
216
=9
24
IR = 9
R=
3.
9
I
9
= 45:
1/ 5
An ideal inductance coil is connected to a parallel plate capacitor. Electrical oscillation with energy W are set
up in this circuit. The capacitor plates are slowly drawn apart till the frequency of oscillations is doubled. The
work done in this process will be (a) W
Ans.
[c]
Sol.
f=
(b) 2W
(c) 3W
(d) 4W
1
2S LC
Q2
2C
1
th
4
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Q2
= 4W
C
2
4
Work done = U2 U1 = 4W W = 3W
4.
Two equal masses are connected by a spring satisfying Hooke's law and are placed on a frictionless table.
The spring is elongated a little and allowed to go. Let the angular frequency of oscillations be Z. Now one of
the masses is stopped. The square of the new angular frequency is (a) Z2
Ans.
(b)
Z2
2
(c)
Z2
3
(d) 2Z2
[b]
Sol.
M
P=
m
2
Z2 =
2k
k
=
m
P
5.
k
Z2
=
m
2
When a particle oscillates in simple harmonic motion, both its potential energy and kinetic energy vary
sinusoidally with time. If Qbe the frequency of the motion of the particle, the frequency associated with the
kinetic energy is (a) 4Q
(b) 2Q
Ans.
[b]
Sol.
x = A sin Zt
(c) Q
(d)
Q
2
frequency is Q
v = ZA cos Zt
KE =
1
1
1
1
1 cos 2Zt
mv2 =
mZ2A2cos2Zt = KA2 cos2 Zt = KA2
2
2
2
2
2
1
KA 2 (1 + cos 2Zt)
4
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6.
A gas expands from i to f along the three paths indicated. The work done along the three paths denoted by
W1, W2 and W3 have the relationship P
4
2
1
f
1
[a]
Sol.
We know W =
P.dV
(b) W2 < W1 = W3
An ideal gas at 30C enclosed in cylinder with perfectly non conducting side and a piston moving without
friction in it. The base of the cylinder is perfectly conducting. Cylinder is first placed on a heat source till the
gas is heated to 100C and the piston raised by 20 cm and the atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa. The piston is
then held in final position and cylinder is placed on the heat sink to cool the gas to 30C. Denoting 'Q1 as the
heat supplied during heating and 'Q2 as the heat lost during the cooling then ['Q1 ~'Q2] would be equal to
(a) 436 J
(b) 336 J
(c) 236 J
(d) 136 J
Ans.
[Bonus]
Sol.
Comment : Either cross sectional area should be given or number of moles of gas should be given in this
Equal amount liquid helium and water at their respective boiling points are boiled by supplying the heat from
identical heaters in time tHe and tw. The latent heats of vaporization of He and Water are 2.09 104 J /kg and
540 kcal/kg, then tHe is -
Ans.
[d]
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Sol.
PHe = Pwater
m He .L He
t He
m w .L water
t water
2.09 u 10 4
540 u 103 u 4.2
=
t He
t water
or
t water
t He
54 u 4.2
= 108.51
2.09
t He
1
108
t water
9.
A 5 litre vessel contains 2 mole of oxygen gas at a pressure of 8 atm. The average translational kinetic energy
of an oxygen molecule under this condition is (a) 8.4 10
14
(c) 7.4 10
16
Ans.
[b]
Sol.
E=
(b) 4.98 10
(d) 4.2 10
21
21
f
3
KT = KT
2
2
T =
10.
PV
PR
8 u 105 u 5 u 103
2 u 8.31
4 u 10 2 u 5
8.31
3
1.38 10
2
23
21
Six identical conducting rods are joined as shown. The ends A and D are maintained at 200C and 20C
respectively. No heat is lost to surroundings. The temperature of the junction C will be -
200C
(a) 60C
Ans.
(b) 80C
(c) 100C
D
20C
(d) 120C
[b]
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Sol.
R
R
A
200C
R
200C
TC =
=
11.
D
20C
(R R )20 R.200
3R
40 200
= 80C
3
Three corners of an equilateral triangle of side 'a' are occupied by three charges of magnitudes q. If the
charges are transferred to infinity, their kinetic energy will be
(a)
Ans.
D
20C
2q
a
(b)
3q 2
a
(c)
1
times 4SH0
q2
3a
(d)
3q
a
[b]
Sol.
q
Potential energy =
3Kq 2
a
1 3q 2
4SH0 a
= kinetic energy
12.
An LDR (light dependent resistance) is connected to an appropriate voltage source and a current measuring
meter in series (Assuming that the LDR current is proportional to the intensity of the incident light). The
LDR is illuminated with light from a distant metal filament bulb. The filament voltage V, the distance d of
LDR from the bulb and the LDR current I are noted. If both V and d are doubled, the LDR current is (a) 16 I
(b) 4 I
(c) I
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Ans.
[c]
Sol.
13.
Intensity =
Power
Area
Intensity v
V2
d2
V2 / R
4Sd 2
A point source is placed at a distance of 20 cm from a convex lens of focal length f on its axis and the image
is formed on a screen at a distance of 60 cm from the lens. Now the lens is split into two halves. One half is
moved perpendicular to the lens axis through a distance of 5 cm. It is found that the two halves of the lens
form two images on the screen and the images are separated by a distance d. The values of f and d
respectively, are (a) 20 cm, 15 cm
Ans.
(b) 20 cm, 10 cm
(c) 30 cm, 10 cm
(d) 30 cm, 5 cm
[a]
Sol.
f
O
30cm
1
f
1 1
v u
1
f
1
1
60 30
60cm
f = 20 cm
(2)
I2
5cm
I1
10
5
(1)
30cm
I2 = m O
v
60
O
5
u
30
10
Separation between I1 and I2 = 10 + 5
= 15
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14.
The angle of refraction of a very thin prism is 1. A light ray is incident normally on one of the refracting
surfaces. The ray that ultimately emerges from the first surface, after suffering reflection from the second
surface, makes an angle of 3.32 with the normal. The deviation of the ray emerging from the second surface
and the refractive index of the material of the prism respectively, are (a) 0.66, 1.66
Ans.
Sol.
[a]
r1 + r2 = A
here
r1 = 0
so
r2 = A = i
P
3.32
r1= 0 i
r1= 0
90
r2= i
r2= i
88
r3
so angle of incidence of the light at first surface when emerging from it will be
r3 = 2
bring snells law at point P.
sin2 = sin 3.32
for small angle sin T | Tso
2 = 3.32
3.32
= 1.66
2
The deviation of the ray emerging from the second surface
=
A beam of light from a distant axial point source is incident on the plane surface of a thin plano-convex lens;
a real image is formed at a distance of 40 cm. Now if the curved surface is silvered, the real image is formed
at a distance of 7.5 cm. The radius of curvature of the curved surface of the lens and the refractive index of
the material of the lens respectively, are (a) 40 cm, 1.5
Ans.
[b]
Sol.
I
f
f = 40 cm
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P 1
1
=
(less maker formula)
R
f
P 1
1
=
R
40
....(i)
1
2
1
+
f1
f2
2
1
+
2
40
R
1
f eq
2
1
+
20
R
I
feq
feq = 7.5
2
1
1
+
=
7.5
20
R
0.08 =
2
; R = 24
R
P 1
1
=
R
40
16.
P1=
R
40
P=1+
R
1.6
40
A convex lens forms the image of an axial point on a screen. A second lens with focal length f cm is placed
between the screen and the first lens at a distance of 10 cm from the screen. To view the image the screen has
to be shifted away from the lens by 5 cm. A third lens having focal length of the same magnitude f cm is used
to replace the second lens at the same position. But this time to view the image the screen has to be shifted
towards the lens by d cm. The values of f and d respectively, are (a) 30 cm, 2.5 cm
(b) 30 cm, 5 cm
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Ans.
[a]
Sol.
I1
I2
f
10 cm
5 cm
1
1
1
=
f
v
u
1
1
1
=
15 10
f
1
5
=
150
f
f = 30 lens is diverging lens
lens of f 30
I1
Portion of I2 f
10 cm
1
1
1
=
30
v 10
1
1
1
+
=
30
10
v
v=
30
7.5 cm
4
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17.
Cerenkov effect : If the speed of an electron in a medium is greater than the speed of light in that medium
then the electron emits light. An electron beam in a medium is accelerated by a voltage V. The light that is
emitted just suffers total internal reflection at the boundary of the medium placed in air when the angle of
incidence is 45. The value of the voltage is (a) 63.91 kV
(b) 255.64 kV
Ans.
[d]
Sol.
(c) 200.34 kV
(d) 127.82 kV
i = TC
45 = TC
....(i)
.E. of e e V
eV =
1
mv2
2
Q=
2eV
m
v>
c
P
2eV
c
>
P
m
2
c
m
V >
P
2
e
....(ii)
1
1
=
2
2
P
(iii)
9.1 u 10 31
(3.0 u 108 ) 2
2
2 u 1.6 u 10 19
12.81 10000 V
127.8 kV approx
18.
In an electrolytic process certain amount of charge liberates 0.8 gram of oxygen. Then the amount of silver
liberated by same amount of charge is (a) 10.8 gram
Ans.
[a]
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Sol.
M1
M2
0.8
M2
E1
E2
8
108
M2 = 10.8 gm
19.
The energy state of doubly ionized lithium having the same energy as that of the first excited state of
hydrogen is (a) 4
Ans.
[b]
Sol.
Li++ have Z = 3
(b) 6
(c) 3
(d) 2
13.6
13.6Z 2
= 2
2
n
2
13.6 u 32
13.6
= 2
2
n
2
n2 = 9 4
n=6
20.
Z
X
Y
(a)
X
Y
(c) X
Ans.
(b)
X
Y
(d) X
[d]
Sol.
x
xy
x
y
x .y
x xy
x (1 y)
so it is equivalent to
X
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21.
In the circuit shown below, the potential of A with respect to B of the capacitor C is 1.0V
20:
0.5V
B
C
10:
2.5V
Ans.
Sol.
1.0V
20:
i
0.5V
10:
2.5V
VA VB =
+Q
Q
C
Using Kirchoff
1 + 20 i + 10 i + 2.5 = 0
30i = 1.5
i=
1.5
1
Amp.
300
20
0.5 +
Q
20i + 1 = 0
C
0.5 +
Q
+1+1=0
C
Q
= 1.5
C
Ans.
Two pendulums differ in lengths by 22 cm. They oscillate at the same place so that one of them makes
30 oscillations and the other makes 36 oscillations during the same time. The lengths (in cm) of the
pendulums are (a) 72 and 50
(b) 60 and 38
(c) 50 and 28
(d) 80 and 58
[a]
Sol.
T1 =
22.
T0
30
2S
"1
g
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T2 =
T0
36
T1
T2
36
30
2S
"2
g
"1
"2
"1
"2
6
5
36
"
= 1
25
"2
11
25
"1 " 2
"2
22cm
"2
"2 = 50 cm
"1 = 72 cm
23.
The voltage drop across a forward biased diode is 0.7 volt. In the following circuit, the voltages across the
10 ohm resistance in series with the diode and 20 ohm resistance are 10:
20:
+
10V
Ans.
10:
Sol.
0.7V
10:
ix
20:
x
i
(1)
(2)
10V 10:
.(1)
.(2)
10 0.7 + 50x = 0
x = 0.214 Amp
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24.
The magnetic flux I through a stationary loop of wire having a resistance R varies with time as I = at2 + bt
(a and b are positive constants). The average emf and the total charge flowing in the loop in the time interval
t = 0 to t = W respectively are -
(a) a W+ b,
aW 2 bW
R
Ans.
[a]
Sol.
Average emf =
(b) a W+ b,
aW 2 bW
2R
(c)
aW b aW 2 bW
,
R
2
aW 2 bW
2R
change in flux
time
I at2 + bt
At
t = 0, I = 0
At
t=W
I = aW2 + bW
'I = aW2 + bW
Average emf =
aW 2 bW
= aW + b
W
e=
dI
2at + b
dt
i=
2at b
R
dq
2at b
=
dt
R
W
q=
(2at b)
aW 2 bW
dt
R
R
0
Ans.
Three waves of the same amplitude have frequencies (n 1), n and (n + 1) Hz. They superpose on one
another to produce beats. The number of beats produced per second is (a) n
(b) 2
(c) 1
(d) 3n
[b]
Sol.
25.
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26.
A spherical ball of mass m1 collides head on with another ball of mass m2 at rest. The collision is elastic. The
fraction of kinetic energy lost by m1 is m1
m2
4m1m 2
m1m 2
(c)
(d)
(a)
(b)
2
m1 m 2
m1 m 2
(m1 m 2 )
(m1 m 2 ) 2
Ans.
[a]
Sol.
m1
m2
m1
v1
m2
v2
u2 = 0
by linear momentum
m1u + 0 = m1v1 + m2v2
For head on elastic collision
m m2
2m 2 u 2
u1 +
v1 = 1
(
m
m
m
1 m2 )
2
1
(K.E)i of m1 =
(i)
(K.E) f (K.E) I
(K.E) I
1
m1u2
2
(ii)
2
(K.E)f =
m m2 2
1
1
u
m1u12 = m1 1
2
2
m1 m 2
m m2
u
Put (u2 = 0) in equation (i), v1 = 1
m1 m 2
2
1
1 m m2 2
.u
m1u 2 m1 1
2
2 m1 m 2
'K.E
=
1
K.E
m1u 2
2
4m1m 2
'K.E
=
K.E
( m1 m 2 ) 2
27.
In the circuit shown below, the switch is in position 1 for a long time. At some moment after that the switch
is thrown in position 2. The quantity of heat generated in the resistance of 375 ohm after the switch is
changed to position 2 is
2
1
8 PF
250:
375:
250V
(a) 0.15 J
(b) 0.25 J
(c) 0.50 J
(d) 0.10 J
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Ans.
[a]
Sol.
Ustored =
1
8 (250)2
2
When switch is thrown to 2
capacitor start discharging
? whole stored energy get discharged in form of heat in two resistances which are connected in series
8 PF
H2 250:
i
H1
375:
Heat H = Ustored
H1 + H2 = H
H1 375
H 2 250
375
H1 =
Ustored
625
28.
0.15 Joule
A conducting square frame of side a and a long straight wire carrying current I and located in the same plane
as shown in the figure. The frame moves to the right with a constant velocity v. The emf induced in the frame
will be proportional to
x
I
v
(a)
1
x
Ans.
Sol.
(b)
1
(2 x a )
(c)
1
(2 x a )
(d)
1
(2 x a )(2x a )
[d]
x
I
e1
B
D
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emf in AD e1
emf in EF e2
a u P 0iv
a
2S x
2
a u P 0i u v
a
2S x
2
Net emf = e1 e2
aP 0iv 1
1
2S x a x a
2
2
e=
29.
kua
(2 x a )(2x a )
In the circuit shown below, the switch S is closed at the moment t = 0. As a result the voltage across the
capacitor C will change with time as S
+
100V
R
R
VC
VC
100
100
(a) 50
(b) 50
t
VC
Ans.
t
VC
100
100
(c) 50
(d) 50
[c]
Sol.
S
100V
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i
V1
VC
V1 = VC
V1 =
100
u R 50
2R
VC = 50 volt
?
Initially C is neutral so graph should start from origin and finally reach upto 50V.
30.
The ratio of the rotational kinetic energy to the total kinetic energy of one mole of a gas of rigid diatomic
molecules is
(a)
2
3
Ans.
[b]
Sol.
R.K.E. =
(b)
2
5
(c)
3
5
(d)
5
2
2
nRT = nRT = RT
2
Rotational DOF = 2
? Total DOF is = 5
Total K.E. =
R.K.E.
Total K.E.
31.
5
RT
2
RT
5
RT
2
2
5
A metal cylinder of length L is subjected to a uniform compressive force F as shown in the figure. The
material of the cylinder has Young's modulus Y and Poisson's ratio . The change in volume of the cylinder
is F
(a)
Ans.
FL
Y
(b)
(1 )FL
Y
(c)
(1 2)FL
Y
(d)
(1 2)FL
Y
[d]
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Sol.
V = Sr2L
dV
V
'L
L
2dr dL
r
L
'd
d
'd
d
P
'L
L
dV
V
2dr 'L
L
r
P'L 'L
= 2
L
L
= (2P + 1)
'L
L
dV = (2P + 1)
=
32.
Ans.
33.
F.AL
AY
(1 2P)FL
Y
Three persons A, B and C note the time taken by their train to cover the distance between two successive
stations by observing the digital clocks on the platforms of two stations. The clocks display time in hours and
minutes. The three persons find the intervals 3, 5 and 4 minutes respectively. Assume the maximum
discrepancy of 2 seconds in actual starting and stopping of the train and the observations by A, B and C.
Then,
(a) All A, B and C can be correct.
(b) Only A and B or B and C can be correct
(c) Only one of A, B and C can be correct
(d) C is correct since it is equal to the average of the three observations
[c]
When two drops of water coalesce (I) Total surface area decreases. (II) There is some rise in temperature.
Which of the following is correct ?
(a) Both (I) and (II) are wrong statements
(b) Statement (I) is true but (II) is not true
(c) Both (I) and (II) are true and the two statements are independent of each other
(d) Both (I) and (II) are true and (I) is the cause of (II)
Ans.
[d]
Sol.
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34.
Ans.
Sol.
Two capacitors 0.5 F and 1.0 F in series are connected to a dc source of 30 V. The voltages across the
capacitors respectively are (a) 10 V, 20 volt
(b) 15 V, 15 volt
(c) 20 V, 10 volt
(d) 30 V, 30 volt
[c]
0.5
V1
V2
30V
V1 =
1
u 30
0.5 1
30
= 20 volt
1.5
0.5
30
1.5
= 10 volt
V2 =
35.
232
208
atom has successive alpha and beta decays to the end product Pb 82
. The numbers of alpha and
The Th 90
Ans.
Sol.
(d) 6, 4
36.
Ans.
If the breakdown field of air is 2.0 106 V / m, the maximum charge that can be given to a sphere of
diameter 10 cm is
(a) 2.0 10 4 C
(b) 5.6 10 7 C
(c) 5.6 10 5 C
(d) 2.0 102 C
[b]
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Sol.
E=
Q
4SH0 R 2
Q max u 4
4SH0 (0.1) 2
2.0 106 =
2 106 =
9 u 109 Q max u 4
0.01
1 106
u
= Qmax
18 1011
= 0.0555 10
= 5.6 10
37.
Density of ocean water varies with depth. This is due to (a) elasticity
(b) viscosity
Ans.
Sol.
[a]
? density vary with property of elasticity.
38.
A spring of certain length and having spring constant k is cut two pieces of lengths in a ratio 1 : 2. The spring
constants of the two pieces are in a ratio (a) 1 : 1
Ans.
(b) 1. : 4
(c) 1 : 2
[d]
Sol.
"0
"0
3
2" 0
3
"0
2"
= k2 0
3
3
3
k1 = 3k k2 = k
2
k1
2
=
k2
1
k"0 = k1
39.
When a metal surface is illuminated with light of wavelength O, the stopping potential is V0. When the same
surface is illuminated with light of wavelength 2O, the stopping potential is
V0
. If the velocity of light in air
4
c
6O
(b)
c
3O
(c)
2c
3O
(d)
4c
3O
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Ans.
[b]
Sol.
eV0 =
hc
I
O
..(1)
eV0
hc
I
=
2O
4
.(2)
hc
1 hc
I
I =
4 O
2O
hc
I
O
3I =
2hc
4I
O
hc
O
3 hfth =
fth =
40.
hc
O
c
3O
Two elastic wave move along the same direction in the same medium. The pressure amplitudes of both the
waves are equal, but the wavelength of the first wave is three times that of the second. If the average power
transmitted through unit area by the first wave is W1 and that by the second is W2, then (a) W1 = W2
Ans.
[a]
Sol.
we know
I=
(b) W1 = 3W2
(c) W2 = 3W1
(d) W1 = 9W2
P02
2UV
in a given medium
V = constant
U = constant
P0 = constant (given)
?I =
P
A
?W1 = W2
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SUB-PART A-2
In question 41 to 50 any number of options (1 or 2 or 3 or all 4) may be correct. You are to identify all of them
correctly to get 6 marks. Even if one answer identified is incorrect or one correct answer is missed, you get
zero score.
41.
A cube floats both in water and in a liquid of specific gravity 0.8. Therefore,
(a) apparent weight of the cube is the same in water and in the liquid
(b) the cube has displaced equal volume of water and the liquid while floating
(c) the cube has displaced equal weight of water and the liquid while floating
(d) if some weights are placed on the top surface of the cube to make it just sink, the load in case of water
will be 0.8 times of that to be used in case of the liquid.
Ans.
[a, c ]
Sol.
(a) cube is floating in water and in liquid so apparent weight of cube in both will be zero.
(c) both liquid and water will apply same thrust on the cube is equal to its weight.
42.
On the basis of the kinetic theory of gases one compares 1 gram of hydrogen with 1 gram of argon both at
0C. Then,
(a) the same temperature implies that the average kinetic energy of the molecules is the same in both the
cases
(b) the same temperature implies that the average potential energy of the molecules is the same in both the
cases.
(c) internal energies in both the cases are equal.
(d) when both the samples are heated through 1C, the total energy added to both of them is not the same.
Ans.
[b,d]
Sol.
n =
m
which is different for different gases
M
While explaining the action of heat engine, one can say that
(a) heat cannot be fully converted into mechanical work.
(b) the first law of thermodynamics is necessary but not sufficient.
(c) heat under no circumstances can flow from lower to higher temperature.
(d) A body can not be cooled to absolute zero
Ans.
[a,b,d]
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Sol.
TL
TH
if TL = 0K
? K= 1 or 100 % not possible.
44.
The rate of change of angular momentum of a system of particles about the centre of mass is equal to the sum
of external torques about the centre of mass when the centre of mass is
(a) fixed with respect to an inertial frame
Ans.
[a,b,c,d]
45.
Light is traveling in vacuum along the Z-axis. The sets of possible electric and magnetic fields could be
&
&
&
&
&
&
(a) E iE 0 sin(Zt kz), B jB0 sin(Zt kz)
(b) E iE 0 sin(Zt kz), B jB0 cos(Zt kz)
&
&
&
&
&
&
(c) E jE 0 sin(Zt kz), B iB 0 sin (Zt kz) (d) E iE 0 sin(Zt kz), B jB0 sin (Zt kz + G)
Ans.
[a,c]
Sol.
& &
* Direction of EM wave is in E u B
& &
? E u B should be in k direction.
eI
, where I is the work function and the light of this
h
[a, c]
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47.
A parallel combination of an inductor coil and a resistance of 60 ohm is connected to an ac source. The
current in the coil, current in the resistance and the source current are respectively 3A, 2.5 A and 4.5 A.
Therefore,
(a) Kirchhoff's current law is NOT applicable to ac circuits
(b) impedance of the coil is 50 ohm
(c) electric power dissipated in the coil is 150 watt
(d) impedance of the circuit is 33.3 ohm
Ans.
[b, d]
Sol.
L
3A
2.5A R
4.5A
~
Vrms
VR rms 60 u
2.5
= 150 volt
10
Vrms
150
150
100
u 10 =
= 33.3 :?Ans (d)
4.5
4.5
3
i rms
XL =
150
= 50 :
3
?Ans. (b)
48.
Ans.
[a, b, d]
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49.
Ans.
[b,c,d]
Sol.
PV
n,V & P = constant, then (T = constant)
RT
So choices a & c are correct and it is same valid therefore choice (b).is also correct.
PV = nRT n =
50.
A particle moves in one dimension in a conservative force field. The potential energy is depicted in the graph
below.
V(x)
Potential
energy
If the particle starts to move from rest from the point A, then
(a) the speed is zero at the points A and E.
(c) the acceleration vanishes at the points B, C, D (d) the speed is maximum at the point D
Ans.
[a, c]
Sol.
F=
dV
dx
dV
= 0 at B, C, D
dx
?F = 0 at B, C, D
so a = 0 at B, C, D
speed is maximum at B as potential energy at B is minimum.
? (Ans. a, c)
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PART B
MARKS : 60
1.
(a) A conductor having resistance R (independent of temperature) and thermal capacity C is initially at
temperature T0 same as that of the surrounding. At time t = 0 it is connected to a source with constant
voltage V. The thermal power dissipated by the conductor to the surrounding varies as q = k(T T0).
Determine the temperature T of the conductor at any time t and at the time t =
C
.
k
(b) A particle moves rectilinearly in an electric field E = E0 ax where a is a positive constant and x is the
distance from the point where the particle is initially at rest. Let the particle have a specific charge
q
.
m
Find (I) the distance covered by the particle till the moment at which it once again comes to rest, and
(II) acceleration of the particle at this moment.
Sol.
dQ
V2
Rate of heat gain by conductor =
k(T T0)
dt
R
dQ
dT
= ms
dt
dt
=C
dT
dt
dT
V2
k(T T0) = C
R
dt
V2 kR(T T0) = RCdT
t
1
dt =
RC
T0
dT
kR (T T0 )
V 2 kR (T T0 )
t
1
"n
=
RC
kR
V2
V 2 kR (T T0 )
kt
= "n
C
V2
2
V kR(T T0) = V e
kR(T T0) = V2[1 e
kt
C
kt
C
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kt
V2
[1 e C ]
kR
(T T0) =
kt
T = T0 +
At t =
V2
[1 e C ]
kR
C
k
T = T0 +
V2
[1 e 1]
kR
T = T0 +
V2
0.63
kR
q
(E0 ax)
m
x =0
at x = 0
a=
qE 0
m
dv
=a
dx
q
dv
=
(E0 ax)
dx
m
x0
0=
m (E
vdv =
ax ) dx
x 02
q
E
x
a
0
0
m
2
E0x0 = a
x 02
2
2E 0
a
x0 =
Distance covered
2E 0
a
2E
q
E0 a u 0
m
a
qE 0
toward negative x-axis.
m
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2.
One mole of an ideal gas (J = 1.4) with initial pressure of 2 atm and temperature of 57C is taken to twice its
volume through different processes that include isothermal, isobaric and adiabatic processes. Determine the
process where maximum work is done and the amount of work in this case. By what percentage is this work
larger than the work done in a process in which it is the least ?
Sol.
Isobaric
P n
Isothermal
Adiabatic
V
V o 2V
2 u 105
= 2742.3 J
nR'T nR[T1 T2 ]
(W)adiabatic =
( J 1)
J 1
[ T1V1 (J
3.
1)
= T2 V2 (J
So the % is
1)
V
T2 = T1 . 1
V2
100
(1.4 1)
1
= 330
2
( W ) isobaric ( W ) adibatic
( W ) adiabatic
0.4
= 250.14C]
65.29%
A railway carriage of mass MC filled with sand of mass Ms moves along the rails. The carriage is given an
impulse and it starts with a velocity v0. At the same time it is observed that the sand starts leaking through a
hole at the bottom of the carriage at a constant mass rate O. Find the distance at which the carriage becomes
empty and the velocity attained by the carriage at that time. (Neglect the friction along the rails.)
Sol.
From the law of conservation of linear momentum, linear speed of carriage will not change with time
because sand's momentum does not change after leaking through the hole so final velocity of the carriage
will be 'v0' and constant with time. Time taken by the carriage to become empty =
So distance covered by the carriage in this time = speed time =
MS
O
v0MS
O
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4.
Sol.
A
1 = 1
i
r1
r2
2 =
r1 + r2 = A
.....(1)
1 sin i = sin r1
.....(2)
sin r2 = 1 sin e
.....(3)
e
3 = 1
G = i + e A
dG
de
=1+
0=0
di
di
de
= 0 |e| = |i|
di
* sin i = sin e = sin r1 = sin r2
r1 = r2
* r1 = r2 = A/2
* Gmin = 2i A = 2e A i =
G min A
2
G A
sin min
sin i
2
* =
=
sin r1
sin(A / 2)
* In a given expression
A G min
sin
=
sin(A / 2)
cos (r1 r2 )
2
cos 1 (i e)
=
Hence : sin(A / 2)
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5.
(a) A small amount of solution containing Na24 nuclides with activity 20500 disintegrations per second was
injected in the blood stream of a person. The activity of 1 ml of blood sample taken after 5 hours later,
was found to be 20 disintegration per minute. The half life of the radioactive nuclides is 15 hours. Find
the total volume of the blood of this person.
(b) The wire loop shown in the figure lies in uniform magnetic induction B = B0cos Zt perpendicular to its
plane. (Given r1 = 10 cm and r2 = 20 cm, B0 = 20mT and Z = 100 S). Find the amplitude of the current
induced in the loop if its resistance is 0.1 :/m.
r1
r2
Sol.
20500
20500
1 ml =
V
V ml
A
2n
1
as half live is 15 hrs.
3
A
21/ 3
A
20
= 1/ 3
60
2
A=
21/ 3
3
20500
21/ 3
=
V
3
V = 48812.58 ml
(b)
r1
r2
B = B0 cos Zt
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dB
= B0Z sin Zt
dt
dB
= B0Z
dt max
e1 =
dI
dB
dB
= Sr12 B0Z
= A1
= Sr12
dt
dt
dt
max
e2 =
dI
dB
dB
= A2
= Sr22
= Sr22 B0Z
dt
dt
dt max
B Z(r r )
SB0 Z(r22 r12 )
e net
=
= 0 2 1
2O
R es
2S(r1 r2 )O
I=
20 u 10 3 u 100S(0.2 0.1)
= S ampere
2 u 0.1
= 3.14 ampere
*****
Physical constant you may need ....
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
31
34
kg
12
11
Nm2/kg2
C2/Nm2
Js
23
J/K
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