ECE 5th SEMESTER

Subject
Consumer Electronics
(CE)
Akshay Jilowa
GPCG Jalandhar

Punjab EDUSAT Society

TOPIC
TELEVISION CAMERA
TUBES

Akshay Jilowa
GPCG Jalandhar

Punjab EDUSAT Society

OUTLINE OF LECTURE
CAMERA TUBES
BASIC PRINCIPLE
TYPES OF CAMERA TUBES

Akshay Jilowa
GPCG Jalandhar

Punjab EDUSAT Society

TELEVISION CAMERA TUBES

An electron tube use a light-sensitive material/receptor

that converts an optical image into an electrical
television video signal.
The tube is used in a television camera to generate a
train of electrical pulses representing the light intensities
present in an optical image focused on the tube.
Each point of this image is interrogated in its proper turn
by the beam in tube , and an electrical signal
corresponding to the amount of light at that point of the
optical image is generated by the tube. This signal
represents the video or picture portion of a television
signal.
Akshay Jilowa
GPCG Jalandhar

Punjab EDUSAT Society

BASIC PRINCIPLE

Photoconductive effect
Photoemission effect

Akshay Jilowa
GPCG Jalandhar

Punjab EDUSAT Society

Photoemission principle

Certain metals emit electrons when light falls on

their surface.
These emitted electrons are called photoelectrons
and the emitting surface a photocathode.
Light consists of small bundles of energy called
photons.
When light incident on a photocathode ,the
photons give away their energy to the outer
valence electrons to allow them to overcome the
potential energy barrier at the surface.

Akshay Jilowa
GPCG Jalandhar

Punjab EDUSAT Society

The number of electrons which can overcome

the potential barrier and get emitted ,depend
on the light.
Alkali metal are used as photocathode because
they have very low work function.
Cesium silver / bismuth silver cesium oxides
are preferred as cathode surface because they
are sensitive to incandescent light and have
spectral response very close to the human
eye.

Akshay Jilowa
GPCG Jalandhar

Punjab EDUSAT Society

Photoconductive principle

In some metal , when light photon fall on it

then its conductivity / resistivity change.
Semiconductor metals like selenium, tellurium
and lead with their oxide have this property
known as photoconductivity.
The variation of resistance at each point
across the surface of the material is utilized to
develop a varying signal by scanning it
uniformly with an electron beam.

Akshay Jilowa
GPCG Jalandhar

Punjab EDUSAT Society

Types of Camera Tubes

Image Orthicon tube

Vidicon
Plumbicon

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GPCG Jalandhar

Punjab EDUSAT Society

Image Orthicon tube

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GPCG Jalandhar

Punjab EDUSAT Society

10

Image Orthicon tube

Principle : Photoemissive
It has three section:
Image section
Scanning section
Electron gun cum-multiplier
section

Akshay Jilowa
GPCG Jalandhar

Punjab EDUSAT Society

11

Image section

Glass plate : coated with Silver-antimony serve

as photocathode
Lens assembly : light from the scene to be
televised is focused on the photocathode
surface by lens system
Photocathode surface is semitransparent and
light rays penetrate it to reach its inner surface
where electron emission takes place .
Target plate : when electron emit from cathode
,it can not store charge being a conductor .

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GPCG Jalandhar

Punjab EDUSAT Society

12

For this reason the electron image is made to

move towards the target plate located at short
distance from it.
The target plate is made of a very thin sheet of
glass and can store charge received by it. This is
maintained at about 400v more +ve w.r.t
photocathode
When electron move from cathode to target
plate there is chance that it may repel each
other ,this can result in distortion of the
information available as charge image.

Akshay Jilowa
GPCG Jalandhar

Punjab EDUSAT Society

13

To prevent this divergence effect an axial magnetic

field generated by focus is employed
This magnetic field impart helical motion to
electrons and focus them on target plate .
The image side of target plate has coating of cesium
that emit secondary electron.these secondary
electron is collected by wire mesh which is located
at front of target plate .
The +ve charge appeared on target plate is
proportional to light intensity distribution on
photocathode
Akshay Jilowa
GPCG Jalandhar

Punjab EDUSAT Society

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Scanning section

Fine electron beam

Focus ,alignment coil
Deflection coil
1. Horizontal deflection
2. Vertical deflection

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GPCG Jalandhar

Punjab EDUSAT Society

15

Electron gun assembly and

multiplier

Electron gun
Multistage electron multiplier

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GPCG Jalandhar

Punjab EDUSAT Society

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Vidicon

Principle : Photoconductive
It has three section:
Target section
Scanning section
Electron gun

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GPCG Jalandhar

Punjab EDUSAT Society

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Akshay Jilowa
GPCG Jalandhar

Punjab EDUSAT Society

18

Target section

Glass plate
Lens assembly

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GPCG Jalandhar

Punjab EDUSAT Society

19

Scanning section

Fine electron beam

Focus ,alignment coil
Deflection coil
1. Horizontal deflection
2. Vertical deflection

Akshay Jilowa
GPCG Jalandhar

Punjab EDUSAT Society

20

Electron gun assembly

Electron gun

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GPCG Jalandhar

Punjab EDUSAT Society

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Principle

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GPCG Jalandhar

of operation

Punjab EDUSAT Society

22

Application of vidicon

Close circuit TV system

Earlier type of vidicon were used
only where there was no fast
movement , because of inherent
lag

Akshay Jilowa
GPCG Jalandhar

Punjab EDUSAT Society

23

Plumbicon Camera Tube

lower image lag.

It has fast response and produce high quality

pictures at low light level.

It has small size and light weight and has low

power operating characteristics .

It is similar to vidicon tube except small change in

target plate

Akshay Jilowa
GPCG Jalandhar

Punjab EDUSAT Society

24

Akshay Jilowa
GPCG Jalandhar

Punjab EDUSAT Society

25

Target plate
Glass face
plate

n-type layer
sno2
p type layer PbO

Scanning
beam

Light

Intrinsic layer
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GPCG Jalandhar

Punjab EDUSAT Society

26

Plan of a colour television camera

showing generation of colour signals and
Y matrix
for obtaining the luminance
Akshay
Jilowa
GPCG Jalandhar

Punjab EDUSAT Society

27

Figure shows a simple block schematic of

a colour TV camera.
It essentially consists of three camera
tubes in which each tube receives
selectively filtered primary colours.
Each camera tube develops a signal
voltage proportional to the respective
colour intensity received by it.
Akshay Jilowa
GPCG Jalandhar

Punjab EDUSAT Society

28

Light from the scene is processed by the

objective lens system.
The image formed by the lens is split into three
images by means of glass prisms.
These prisms are designed as diachroic mirrors.
A diachroic mirror passes one wavelength and
rejects other wavelengths (colours of light).
Thus red, green, and blue colour images are
formed.
Akshay Jilowa
GPCG Jalandhar

Punjab EDUSAT Society

29

The rays from each of the light splitters also

pass through colour filters called trimming
filters.
These filters provide highly precise primary
colour images which are converted into
video signals by image-orthicon or vidicon
camera tubes.
Thus the three colour signals are generated.
These are called Red (R), Green (G) and
Blue (B) signals.
Akshay Jilowa
GPCG Jalandhar

Punjab EDUSAT Society

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Akshay Jilowa
GPCG Jalandhar

Punjab EDUSAT Society

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