[-

O C-N
O L-
O ju o
O n j
O vA Jho
O uh- N--j
N Nx- ...
O O p--L!
v L!
v-d pL!
\ xJ-c -!
] p Tx
j ]!
O u--]- O [p--]
-[-v-A V N# V
jL p Tx
u C-hC.
I
Kavita : How did you do in yesterday's
exam?

(Eo K- ?)

Suji :

Well, I think. How did you do ?

( -----o. y
?)

#o #oN L #\!
Spoken English Conversational English

E .
# Career - Nu-n--]-J ---i
Communications Skills u-i Spoken English.
# ux, qx v--E Ey- Interviews, group
discussions, presentations, self sketches N C- Spoken English O] d -.
(-- --E u
! L-
ho. h-] --o)
Suneetha : I wish I had appeared for CAT
too. It's too late now. I think I'll

(x Tx x-[)
3. Where is Ramesh?

( \[?)
4. How beautiful the Taj is!

(y-]. h [a)

do MCA. I am preparing for the

courses. I may also take PG

What group are going to study in

entrance tests and do MSc

Sentence

Inter?

Computers or Electronics.

'Vijayawada',

(- v B---o?)
Kavita : MPC. What about you ?

(. y...!)

Suji :

Not sure yet, though dad wants me

to do MPC.

Kavita :

( N --]. o
-o)
Which college?
( @?)

Suji :

No idea as yet. What's going to be

your college?

(N --]... y!)

Kavita : Same here. Not decided yet.

( . --].)

II

( -C.
p[ -E ?
h. > v K-
-E C. tq
u-q -Z-Eq F
h)

---Fo -E- ...!

-[ -. Grammar L-
v English x[[ h-]--[ -. --i F grammar --L. ]...
VOCABULARY

Well, You know I've taken the

--Fo.
---i u j-C @N--E, F -, o -, ---, - -C-#j . C Tx ]l-]l h. F #o-#o
N-- Tx , [ L-].
Listening. - x English
n ---[. DE daily life - , Pronunciation
---L.
u J-Q-L-.

CAT for joining in IIM. Waiting for

1. Vijayawada is on the banks of the Krishna

final degree exams are over. But

What next for you?

(tu! K--j-- F.
y h)

Suneetha : Not yet decided. What are your

plans?

( --]. F ?)

Spoken English

the results. If I make it, I'll join

one of the IIMs. Hope I shall be
fortunate.

(N--[ 'g [f C)
2. They do not speak English

verb is, Sentence-2

'is'.

Spoken English

Sentence Subject,
Verb Jh-[ -. E
Jhh N--Fo .
a) Andhra Pradesh is the biggest state in
South India
Vizag.

[ Sentences N-Eo pN.

Statements o-.
c) Is AP the biggest state in South India?
d) Was the Eenadu first published from
Vizag?
(c), (d) Questions

. (a), (b) (c),

l.
English (a), (b) Statements,
(c), (d) Questions v-
u-E-t (sentence structure) C.
(sentence structure ],
y J.)
(d)

C
C
'Ramesh',
C
'Taj' J# -o. Sentence M. SURESAN
p N-Eo E
'Subject' . d ] Sentence
Subject Vijayawada, u Subject
'They',

AP

Statement :

(DE

is

the

Structure ) Subject + Verb

biggest state in south India.

Question : Is

Spoken English Grammar

Vocabulary

Supriya : Hi, Suneetha, What a relief! The

Supriya :

entrance tests of all MCA

Sentence-1

verb 'do speak', Sentence-3, 4

b) The Eenadu was published first from

(-- ] C)
j Sentences vAD
N-Eo J#
-C.
]

Kavita: Not bad. I could have done better.

Suji:

C 12 W 2005

AP

the biggest

Verb + Subject

state in South India!

x 1
They, u Subject Ramesh,
u Subject The Taj.
vA Sentence 'Subject'
J# p -]E -E
. j 1st sentence'.... is on the
banks of the Krishna' Sentence subject
N--[ J# C.

'She sings well'

Sentence 'She' Subject. 'Sings well'

C Subject She J# p . 'sings
well' 'sings' sentence ]. (She
well - n ]. Sentence ]).
'She sings well' - sentence Subject
'She' y 'Sings' Sentence
u. 'VERB' .
Subject, Verb --[ -u.
d-] #a Sentences Verbs
l.

Statement Subject ], Verb y

hC.Question DE uA-- verb
] subject y h-o. C English
v--i .
Statement : The Eenadu was published first

structure :

Subject

+ Verb

from Vizag.
Question : Was the Eenadu published first

structure :

Verb + Subject

( Verb)

from Vizag?

Statements

practice

quesitons

Statements

a) (Yes), They are students

Ja

Questions

-----?

b) (Yes), Rani is the leader

-----?

c) (No), I am not happy

-----?

d) (Yes), He was here last night -----?

e) (No), She is not hungry ?

-----?

[-

14 W 2005

W x x j E#, h
p [. No, j]E N x
Th. d E ## x[. F x
xp[ ]ui # . L
d E d d.
PRONUNCIATION GUIDE

[ y l-
- [[.
: Car c-, centre c-
l-E [ y - [[.
: centre - c \[ , sentry - s \[
).
English pronunciation confusion

-L?
English x \ -.
#---x l \. Pen - ;
Book- , Watch - ; Phone - ; Take
- . x #J x x
L- -C. o, \, <, ,
. English x--p[ x
# x L-- ].

C u!
Tx x #J 'r' . --
(d), car (), for (), paper
().
# 'r' o Eo -- Ch.\['r' silent. ]u
a, e, i, o, u E y 'r' #a
C silent. Eo . E y a, e, i, o,
u, j h p.
: form (); Card (); Fur (); sir
(), her (); information (---).
Doctor

O !
O--

R x!
VERBS
Kranthi: Was anything special in the sunday Eenadu?

(C- -[ j vu- ?)

Karuna: Yes. There was the first lesson in

Spoken English.

(. p Tx ] C.)

Kranthi: Was anything important in it?

(] i vu- ?)

Karuna: Yes. Very important point was

there- the difference between the
statement structure and question
structure.

(. u-i N...
d- Za- a Za-
p.)

Kranthi: Is it so important?

(C u?)

Karuna: Very. The statement has the subject first, and the verb next. The
question has verb first and the
subject next.

(... d-x ] bd y
s . F a- ] s
y bd .)
- ! ] vA-Fo
vo. --Fo d-x.
u -E-...
I am here- verb: 'am'
You are in class- verb: 'are'
My pen is in my pocketverb: 'is'

Conversation

--i Eo
--. ]

parts of the human

body- K

Tx
l.

sentences
'am', 'is', 'are.

o Verbs
O n
[[ E -C-#N. C vo,
Statements English practice .
1. (p[) O \[
o?

head, face,
eyes, ears, neck,
shoulder,
hand,
legs, fingers

l ]J
. thumb (-), forefinger
(-[-), middle
finger
(]u),
ring finger (
), little finger
(#- ). toe
(L-), big toe
(L --), nail (), waist ([),
wrist (-d), arm (-d #
), forearm (-d #
(elbow) ), back arm (elbow #
), buttocks (-]), Knee ().
Knee # ] L ]
shin, L-- calf (), L -E
]u joint () ankle, ] [Sole,
-L fist, - Palm, -- eyebrows, ] forehead. cheeks - \x,
pupil - -, eyelid- -p, nostril\ v], gums - -#-x, skull-v,
scalp- Vd C -j-.

English:

Where are you?

2. (p[) x
o.

3. (p[) x -
o.
--
4. (p[) O -- o?
--
5. (p[) O \[ ]--o?
--
6. (p[) x d.

Answers:

2. I am in class

5. -- W 10 # 4
--
6. O W -@ p-[-?
--

3. They are happy

4. Are you happy?
5. Why are you here?
6. They are our relatives

am, is, are p[ (now) vh

(present) [-Eo L--h. ]
am, is, are regular [-Eo L-----

7. @ 10 # 4 ?

E --T-h. j \j v
p- [-Eo am, is, are
. C sentences practice
.
O x--p[? (vA W C regular)

Answers:
2. When is your father at office?
3. His pen is always in his pocket.
4. When are your classes (every day)?
5. Our classes are from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m.
6. When are you at college (every day)?
7. We are at college from 10 to 4 (every
day)?

When are your classes every day?

\[ 'are' ] [-o? C vA
W v pE N d.
Sx [.
1st show p[?
1st show p[ j C ?
regular [[. d is [[
d.

6, 7ux every
day - ]. (are

[[.)

u--

VOCABULARY

When is the first show?

O-p-[- College (vA V)

C 'regular' d,
When are you at college (every day)?

\[ every day -- --].

]- 'are' regular [[ d.
-v x
[ ?
'I am at home in the evenings'.
Evenings vA evening- regular.
d regular states of being (v p [[) p--E am, is, are [[
d. C English p. practice .

1. j p[ O-]---J-\[?
(Regular ?)

-u-i -- M. SURESAN
u, -C-#
--
1. Cold. 2. ]_ Cough (). 3.
t Sneeze (o size #J
l -L.) 4. <][ blow the nose.
5. \ running nose. 6. p ache
(), ] pain, suffering;
p: [--p, -p,
[p O y 'ache'
[.pain [.
stomach ache- stomach pain ].
head ache, back ache etc.

y (fever) ax,
'feeling feverish'.

]] itch () scratch (v\),

p sore throat; ] -[
groan; -L-[ yawn, swelling,
C-- inflammation. Fo practice
x--p[ [.
--p C.
I have a head ache.

t .

Answer: Why are you here at this time

every day?

2. O o- - p-[-?
--
3. p[ C.
--
4. W O -- p[?
--

#a-x 'feel'

My mother has a cold.

practice

-N JEo

PRONUNCIATION GUIDE

Tx Consonant ending l \-
o . x # l
\. # x x-- -L.
: book, , \ ].
, o ]. Tub - , s ].
Hotel- ( \). magO !
azine- # 'ine', 'ile'
p Tx O
, -L. Magazine p Tx, vA\, [,
-@ (@, \[ easy #J l>[, j]82
-C) Automobile- --H,
# a.
intestine () -d etc.
email: pratibha@ eenadu.net

email: pratibha@ eenadu.net

[-

16 W 2005

] \[ p[ L
C. L LE v ] JE
da N LTa. ' a
xEo [ ' C. ]
a E i ]l J[ .

the- \[ C, p[ ]?
WAS, WERE
Ram:

Were you there yesterday?

(Eo y \[ o?)

Raghav: I was there, of course.

( \[ o)

Ram:

When were you there?

(p-[-o?)

Raghav: I was there exactly at 6 when the

function began.

(J_ { ]-j 6 -
\ o)

Ram:

Who else was there yesterday?

(Eo --o?)

Raghav: Anil, and Sunil were also there.

(E, F \[ o)
- -E-. Ram, Raghav Eo
[-Eo was, were p-o. English jd Verb forms
. p[, p[, - [Eo am, is, are . o
E p[ was, were .
was- singular
were- plural
1.

p[ E-\[ o.

I am here
2.

Eo \[ o.

I was here yesterday

3. O Eo \[ o? C Question.
d verb ] L
Were you here yesterday?
4. Eo -\-[-o[? (Question)
Where was he yesterday?
5. -- vG - C.
India was under British rule.
6. 1947 - (rulers) ?
Who were our rulers till 1947?

Tx- j L- D, q, , j p[ sentence #

L.
Eo y \[ ]o?

7.

Why were you here yesterday?

8.

o-[ C- \[ o[.
My friend was here last Sunday.
d (past) N-
p[ was, were .

sentences english practice

.
Eo x o?
2. Pranav: , x o.
3. Praveen: O o x o?
4. Pranav: [.
5. Praveen: Eo O \[-o?
6. Pranav: -@ o.
1. Praveen: O

7. Praveen: vA

W j -@
? (Regular)
8. Pranav: .
9. Praveen: O - x p-[?
10. Pranav: -v x . Eo
v v x .
11. Praveen: -\[o?
12. Pranav: O-
Answers:
1. Were you at home yesterday?
2. Yes, I was at home.
3. Was your brother too/also at home?
4. No, he was not at home.
(-- No, he wasn't. E -h)
(wasn't = was not)
5. Where were you?

vo: Had, would short forms I had/would - I'd

. We had/would -We'd O, o. I'd
We'd bd y had , would
---L?
x E, --[
: 'd O-ox had [-. y ing form #a--p[, O ] 'd
p[ had -C. Do, go, come
would [-. \[ had \[
verb forms ], be + ing ] 'd p[
would C ]-sEo d v q-would -C.
.
A) He'd gone before I saw him.
\[ He'd = He had
]- 'gone' past participles
] would p[ ]. had v

hC.

B) I thought he'd do it.

\[ 'd - past participle ] d
would n --L. N h-d--L. Past participles ], 'been'

Example: They'd done it.

(done past participle d 'd = had)
They'd been doing it. (\[ been + ing
] d 'd = had).
She'd marry him. 'd y marry E #aC
d 'd = would
She'd be going. \[ be + ing form ]
d 'd = would.
Have been + ing ] 'd = would.

6. I was at College.
7. Are you at college at this time every day?
8. Yes, I am (at college... every day - conversation C---a.)
9. When are you at home usually? ( d 'are')
10. I am at home in the evenings (Regular,
therefore, am) but I was not (wasn't) at
home last evening.
(Eo v, Eo vA last evening,
last night).
11. Where else were you? (Eo d)
12. I was at a meeting.
- O, O friendF, O
x -J--F practice .
]

O practice y answers
.
p[ ? \ am, is, are, was,
were English x-[-a?
PRONUNCIATION GUIDE

Tx- pure
\j 'a'

sounds

-.

bake, cake, case, date, face, game, hate,

lane x #a--p[ Eo

-L.

M. SURESAN

bake-
cake-
case-
face-
game-
hate-
lane-
date-
(I hate you-

).
N -
tale, tail pronunciation \ .
p[ 'a', p[ 'an' C ]l vo.
'a, e, i o, u v u ],
'an' E, N ] 'a' E . F C p[ d ]. a university, a European . d.
'the' E C E p[, ] E p[
-L?
, , , , , , , , , , ,
l- v u English ]
'an' L. l ] a 'the'E C
L. N l- vu
] 'a' L.
'the'E ] L.
a University ( v d 'a')
an example ( v, d 'an')
the egg (\[ C, egg, 'a' v
d)
the tree (] v. \[ #
l- v ] d).
Communications/information
-C-# [.

[ phone, ringup, give a ring,

call- O-Eo- p[ [- o ,
'call', phone to a person, phone a person
Jh ----. ring up, give a ring
[- o.
1) O -J .
Please call me.
Please give me a ring.
Please ring me up.

p- h.

I will certainly call you.

Sure, I will call you.

Sx O h.

I will get back to you.

2)

N - .
Please mail me the matter.
Please mail the matter to me at
yours@yahoo.com

3)

J y .

4)

d y .

Send it by courier.

Post it.
Send it by ordinary post.
Sent it by snail mail.
'snail mail' h-
x post E n.

-u

JEo !

chew (u) - [
swallow (y)- N[
swallow in a gulp - \ N
trim (v)(mustache, beard)
- (O, [f) Ah-J# J[
clench (x)- GT- (-L fist)
injure () - [[
injury (K)-
twist (yd)the arm - L-A-p[
snap the fingers - # [
shatter ()- ]l d[
swelling (yL)-
inflammation (x)- C
fracture(va)- N-[
sprain(vp)-
itch()- ]],
scratch(v\)- [
abscess ()- (<)
boil ()- [f
pimple ()-
scar (\)- x a
pus ()- <
blister (Gxd)-[
Sx Verbs: vh, p[ [-Eo pN
am, is, are. [-Eo pN was,
were. N-u-h [-Eo pN shall be,
will be

-\[ .
I shall be/will be there tomorrow.

C- j- .

We shall be/we will be in Vizag on Sunday.

E [[ -.
I shall be happy to see him.

\[ [.

He will be here tomorrow.

O !

p Tx O
p Tx, vA\, [,
# a.

>[, j]82

email: pratibha@ eenadu.net

[-

E 18 W 2005

u EtEo ] yh x x[[
]u ]. u Jh . [
L o TxE
[ ]l di E ]. ] u
J# h x E C# #o h.

u # !

SHALL BE, WILL BE

Kiran: Will you be here tomorrow?

y \[ -o?

Kranthi: What for?

]?

Kiran:

All our friends will be here tomorrow. Will you not be (won't you be).

o---] \-[-o. J y-[?

3. h O ]_--?
4. E-\[ \-- [.
5. -] j]-- .
6. [ V--C.
7. C EN-- C-- .
8. F yA u N?(next step)
9. \[ [.
10. \[ ---C?

Kranti: I shall be very happy to be with all of

you. What will be the programme?

O ]-J- [[ . vv ?

Kiran: Let's decide when we meet.

L- Eg-l.
- -E- ! NEo J# x-[---o. will be, shall
be !

Answers:

1. He can be here in five minutes.

1. When will he be here?

2. How long will you be in Hyderabad?
3. Will the book be with you tomorrow?
4. I shall not be here for long?

2. She could be the Prime Minister.

I shall be there tomorrow.

( -\[ .)

She is a player.
She plays.

He will be a graduate soon.

(y [ v[u- -[.)
The train will be here in five minutes.

( ] ENx j
\- hC.)

shall be, will be

u-h [[

was an actor.
8. If it is comfortable here, I can be here for
as long as possible.
9. It was very cool yesterday.
Yesterday was very cool.
10. How long can you be here?

'Be' forms ( am, is, are, was, were,

shall be, should be 'be' # ,
'been' # aN have been, has been,
had been, should have been N) [[
n a Verbs. N EE L
Verbs. ] A #a E B

#a a.

A
I am a teacher (o).
She is a player (player
They are singers.
B
I teach (h).
She plays ([C).
They sing ([-).

N(A future

state of being)

- uA-- 'Time words'

Eo L- English
sentence # .
eg: He will be here tomorrow.
They were here yesterday.
The meeting will begin at 6 this
evening.
Order: time, day, date, month, year
eg: The meeting will be at 6 PM (Time)
on Monday (day), the 28th (date)
May (month) 2005 (year)

C English u.
(Sx Question order h--

Vb+Sub/1st Word of the Verb+Sub+the other

words of the verb.)

C E English practice .
1. \[ p-[-[?
2. O j]-- Eo--V--?

O !

5. We shall all be in Hyderabad tomorrow.

6. It will be hot for another two days.
7. I will be in the theatre in another 10 minutes.
8. What will be your next step?
9. Nobody will be here tomorrow.
10. How long will she be here?

p Tx O
p Tx, vA\, [,
# a.

>[, j]82

email: pratibha@ eenadu.net

VOCABULARY

v dish (), bowl ()

x v Vessels (q),
utensils (-Eqq)
ewer ()

C).

[ \[ ] EN-x [--[.
v-E [--L-TC.

3. She may be there now.

[ \[ [a
(?).

vo:

4. They might be happy.

y ] C-
\[ L.

N ] 10 #
v 5 L.
-- 'be' forms
([-Eo L 'verb- M. SURESAN
s' .
C u- Tx practice .
1. Ny-\[ - [--?
2. Eo x \[ p[ o?
3. \[ sC [-a.
4. h p [-?
5. \[ Eo- L?
6. [ Eo \[ [--L-[.
7. .. - u--vA [--L-
]- [ d.
8. \[ , j [-.
9. Eo x C.
10. O \[ - [a?

Answers:

Tx- - How long?

] How far? Eo-x How often?
1. How long can you be here?
2. When could they be here yesterday?
3. There may be some trouble there tomorrow.
4. Can't you be patient? (Can you not = Can't
you)
5. When should we be there?
6. He could be here yesterday itself

(Eo).

The machine is out of service.

The machine has out of service.

j jC C? u has
h n hC? has
hC?

x - [-a ().

5. You should be here at 10 a.m.

India won the match.

India has won the match.
has Jh n

6. Ravi must be in office

from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.

How long will you be here?

(y \[
?)

x tumbler (x)
lid (L)
pan ()
cauldron (-v[)
J-T-[ boil ()
[ fry (wj)
a[ (A-]) = bake ()
p[ Eo 'be' forms ( [-Eo
L Verbs):
can be - [[ (p[, N-u-h)
could be - [[ ()
may be - [-a (p[, N-u-h)
might be - [a ()
should be, must be = L

7. NT Ramarao could be the CM because he

hC.
Bh n hC?
, j]

The machine is out of service. u

correct.
The machine has out of service C
English ].
Has - p[ out prepositions

India won the match. ]-s J]. ]- L-# VF, DF p-x won correct.
India won the match last week. C d.
]- last week E j -o
d.
India L-#]E, p[ L-# j p C-h India has won the match C
correct. C u [.
A. He has gone out.

p[ RxD j p-[-]. d

has + past participle correct.

B. He went out this morning.

\[ p[ - RxD, this morning E j o. d past

simple tense correct.

C. She has bought a car.
has + past participle (j

d).

p[ ]

D. She bought it yesterday.

(bought - past simple- yesterday

j -o d).

[-

20 W 2005

[ Eoi L [ x \J
n v] C. DE ' v
a. Eo \ \ N] Lq C.
C \[ vT x
]JE dC.
5) A cricketer (He/She) plays cricket
Cricketers (They) play cricket

verbs, v p- J
- [. regular actions.
p[ J - OE --Th.
I go to college at 10 AM (vA-W)
My mother cooks for me (p[)
O J-Eo sentences .
S} \-J [:

n F...!
Ram:

Where is your brother?

O ]-[ \[ o[?

Raghav: He is watching the t.v. at home

x O h-o[.

Ram:

-.
N Tx x---p[
v-h--L. C verbs J [.

to Guntur -

A
come
go
write
take

Where does he study?

\[ ]o[?

Raghav: He is a student of Learn well school

o- \ NuJn

Ram:

Which class is he in?

B
comes
goes
writes
takes

vh o -A ]--o[?

Raghav: He is doing the 8th class

E-N -A ]---o[.

Ram:

What games does he play?

[-[?

Raghav: He plays cricket and hockey.

v, [-[.
j -- -E-.
verb Eo x [-Eo -C.

is
is
watching, does study ( = studies), is doing,
(does play = plays) plays
(actions)
Verbs.

Fo -

sing
teach
speak

sings
teaches
speaks

C , C n . F
C E --Th.

A
B
I, We, You, They
A

2) A doctor --- patients

Doctors --- patients (treat)
3) A lawyer --- cases
Lawyers --- cases (argue)
4) Pens --A pen --- (Write)
5) A cricketer --- cricket
Cricketers --- cricket
(Play)
Answers:
1) Wrist
watches
(They) show the
time
M. SURESAN
A Wrist Watch (It)
shows the time
2) A doctor (He/She) treats patients
Doctors (They) treat patients
3) A lawyer (He/She) argues cases
Lawyers (They) argue cases
4) Pens (They) write
A pen (It) writes

( x C)

He was on the playground.

(Play ground

o[ )

The teacher is teaching (Verb)

(C-hC)

have \ had u -T--a? h u n

N? C tense -C?
u had y \ Sx had
h? E n N?
hJ , t-[
: 'have' \ 'had'___ have had_ C

He was playing

vo:
L

Verbs.
A

C verbs [-Eo --. p verbs, action words.

present perfect tense of have. present perfect

verbform: have/has + past participle (pp);
eg: have seen, have gone etc.

C E [.

He, she, it
B
I/We/You/Andhras (they) speak Telugu
My father (he)
My Mother (she) speaks Telugu
The book is on the table.
This class (it)
I/We/you/these trains (they) go there
on 'table'
My mother (she)
My friend (he/she) goes there every day
from school This train
at home Fans (they) give air
In the bag A Fan (it) gives air
Dogs (they) bark
A dog (it) barks
practice
p Tx O
(Brackets
verb
p Tx, vA\, [,
1) Wrist watches --- the time
>[, j]82
A Wrist watch --- the time (show)
# a.

-,
o E-.
h O] C

, O] y [. Tx-
O] n,
] [.
Eo N-- .
\ #

O !

email: pratibha@ eenadu.net

(p[ x o)

My friend (he/she) is in the next room

friend,

(
p[)

\ C o-[/-C

x) are at home
(x o p[)
d am, is, are p[ [
My parents (they-

II. I was/he was here yesterday.

(\[ o o[ Eo)

My friends were in Hyderabad last week

( o- j]-- o,
) -was, were, [
III. Shall be/will be- future (N-u- [)
1. India will be a great country by 2010

(2010 -q--E p
C)

They have had two cups of coffee so far.

eg: go, come, eat, talk, run, sleep, read,

dance.
1. The boys are playing
2. The girl is reading
3. These students talk in class
4. The cheetah runs fast
5. A dog barks
English

I. I am in class

(a E \[ [)

The girl is
reading

The teacher is in class.

(Actions)

\[ am, is, are p[ [, p[

[. was, were- [;
shall be / will be future [

2. Anil will be here next week

([--o[ )
B ] verbs Fo

(I) am; (he, she, it) is; they (are).

N O Jh-h
o

Jh )

u L-C p-- J-T E. DE for the past, for the last,

since h.

Present perfect tense

a) I have studied (have+ pp of study) here for

the past two years-

x C-.

E-\[ p---

b) He has worked (has + pp of work)

here since 2004 = 2004

# p---

\[ E--[.
p[ C E p
I have a car . -x
C E , 'have' present perfect
tense, have + past participle of have
(=had) L ! p--?
I have had this car for the past two years
have + had (pp of 'have'_
She has had (has + pp of 'have')
this job for the last one year.

.
o) E.

(-q- N-[ u C)

LT

(p--- [ p )
Present perfect tense J-T E,
p[ ( V, D, j) J-TD p- [.
I have had my lunch. ( --C)
had had- C past perfect tense of 'have'.
Past perfect verb form: had + past participle
Past perfect

u L-C: J-T
[ x ]---EE.
He told me that he had passed
(had + pp of pass)

-u-E p[.
, p, [ .
], p y. ],
d had passed E past per[.
] -E \ C.
\[ [ past actions. \ [
]J past action. \ [
'have a scooter.' d past perfect of have =
pass
pass
'pass'
fect

had + past partciple of have (=had) = had

had.
He had had a scooter before he bought the
car.

( ], -E \ C)

He had had his breakfast when his friend

came in.
breakfast

(x v ap- E
--C)

She had had the information before I told

her of it.

( p ]_ - C)

[-

] 22 W 2005

7. - \-[-o?

before?

Where have you been all this time?

8. O -- \[-o?

How long have you been here?

9. \-[C?

Where has Pooja been all these days?

It is an ox. etc.

Pooja: Are you happy?

Durga: Certainly I am.

Ux -
tice .

Pooja: Why are you happy?

eg: Is he happy?
Are they clever? etc.

(- o?)
()

(] - o?)

Durga: My cousin Saraswathi is here for

vacation. We shall be happy in each
other's company.
( > -yA -- \-

#aC. -[ ]l-J
] C.)

Pooja: What will be your plan?

Questions

prac-

j p --Eo English question practice .

Question structure hC ?
a) vb+Sub [Are (verb) you (sub) happy?]
b) first word of the verb + sub + other words
of the verb.
[Has (first word of the verb) he (sub) been helping
(other words of the verb) you?]

1. [ [?

(F x N?)

Druga: Come home tomorrow. You will know.

Tx- have been / has been

vu C. -p # p
F, -F j [-Eo I,
We, you and they
'have been' F
he, she, it 'has
been' F #h.
-N-...
Eo V-/ Eo
-/ Eo -/
Eo -q-- for
the past (The last)... days/
... hours/ ... months / ...
years (Sx
V,

M. SURESAN

, , -q- u.)

eg: for the past (The last) 2 days / 2 hours/ 2

months / 2 years
for 2 days / hours / months / years
now .

V/ / / -q #

( . F -hC.)
-

am, is, are; was, were; shall be, will be y

happy, plan j [-a.
C E x[ practice .
Blanks Brackets #a -

<...
..!

E.

I am ________

(O p. :

I am Pavan)
I am _____
He is _______
They are ________
My friends will be ______

j #aN sample v.
d, dq, [, d, , o
--/-]-, ]-, v-i, #,
[, J, , , p-, L-j,
L-N-E, [, , E-B ,

E-B E, t-]_, t-E ,

O p- j English . am, is, are; was, were; shall be,
will be \ E Ja x-[.
j - Tx
tall, short, fat, slim, happy, sad/sorrowful,
kind, cruel, good, bad, lazy, active, patient,
clever/intelligent/wise, foolish, talkative,
reserved, honest, dishonest, reliable, unreliable

...
\--d--E English countables
.
: man, book, student, pen, town, village
etc.
singular, plural
singular

. O
] p[ 'a' F, 'an' F
-C h---L.

I am a student.
He is an engineer.
She is a doctor.
She is an eye surgeon.
He is an uncle of mine.

2. ] ?
3. - ? (future)
4. x E-B x? (past)
5. xp[ \[ ??
6. O-\[ ?
7. [ E-B -[E O t
?
8. [ v-h ?
(future)?
9. O - -x?
10. -p[ ?
Answers:
1) Is he very tall?
2) Is she beautiful?
3) Will she be happy?
4) Were they honest?
5) Where are they now?
6) Where will you be tomorrow?
7) Are you sure that he is honest?
8) Will he be careful?
9) Were you happy?
10) Was she fat once?

Tx , was, were.
p[ am, is, are #
p F, F [Eo
p--E have been, has been [.
I, we, you, they have; he, she, it
has [.
1. [ x v \[ o[.
He was here four years ago.

2. [ p--\[ o[.
He is here.

3. [ --x \ o[.
He has been here for the past four years.

4. [ V- [ C.

It has been very hot for the past two days.

O !

5. 1947 # y-v C.
India has been independent since
1947 (for the past 57 years)

p Tx O 6. -x j]-- o.
p Tx, vA\, [,
We have been in Hyderabad for the
# a.

>[, j]82

email: pratibha@ eenadu.net

past ten years (since 1995)

--E since .
I have been here for the past (last) two
years.
I have been here since 2003
She has been here for the (last) past two
months.
She has been here since February end.

I am a student

C u- O English practice .
1. O \-[-o?
2. [-\ -- v-- o[?
3. 2001 # -d- o[.
(since, for the past [ --T#
p.)
4. 2001 # 2003 \[ -
o[.
5. -- Mx -E C.
6. [ V- F- o[.
(F Weak)
7. O V- G@ o?
8. s o? (s
ill/sick)

9. j u-vA o?
10. O \-[-o?
Answers:
1. How long have you been here?
2. How long has Tendulkar been a cricketer?
3. He has been a collector since 2001/ for the
past (last) 4 Years.
4. He was a teacher here from 2001 to 2003.
5. Delhi has been the capital of India for a
long time.
6. He has been weak for two days now (for
the past/ for the last two days)
7. Have you been busy for the past (last) one
week?
8. How long has he been ill?
9. How long has YS been the Chief Minister?
10. Have you been here for long?
j Sentences have been/ has been

[ -E. - v # p
F, -F [-Eo have been/ has
been L---h. Question structure
p[ verb + subject F, verb [[ -, Ist word of the verb +
Subject + other words of the verb F
C.

vo: -- t--[ --[

Jp---[ ]-sx verb v3 E

] --T-h? ---
Milk 'sold' here; Job work 'done' here;
'Spoken' English Institute verb
v1
v3

E ] --Tho N-J---.
t, xLx

:
1.

verb v3
past participle: done, spoken, seen etc.
passive form
verb
'be' form +
past participle.
'Milk sold here'
'Milk is sold here'
short form.
verb 'is (be form) + sold (past participle of sell)'
'Job work done here'
'Job
work is done here'
is done,
(passive)
(is - be
form + done - past participle).
2. past participle (p.p.)

India has been independent for the past

(last) 57 years.
India has been independent since 1947.
for the past (last), since

u. C u [.
]_ Eo \[ C.
Durga was here yesterday.

]_ p[ \[ C.
Durga is here.

]_ Eo # \ C.

Durga has been here since yesterday.

x o \[o?

Where were they the day before?

} p-\[o?

Where are they?

x o # \-[-o?

Where have

they been since the day

\[

E.

p[,

C,

n t--[-C.

E n.
--[ E.
n ,

\[
#--
[- uh.

T.
x-[- Tx E n.
u W x -
passive voice [.
t, o [--? !
#-[f T E .
#E-T T .

eg: The man seen here every day torn paper spoken english

[-

v 24 W 2005

countable, singular).
2) I have an idea (idea - countable, singular).
3) An umbrella is useful in rain (umbrellacountable, singular).
4) A pen is for writing (pen- countable, singular)
'a'
'an'

Sudha: I meet Padmaja here everyday. I

miss her today.

(W \[ ]t- -h.
V E---].)

Valli:

Yes. She comes here everyday. I

too see that.

( W \-[ hC.
(vA-V))

C n a N]
p.
[, [[, [[, --h[, [[,
vN-[, EvC-[, ' [, --T[, h[, #--[ O

A, AN...

Sudha: I remember now. Today is Sunday.

She does not come here on sunday.

( h-hC. V C-.
C-- \-[ ].)

Valli:

p[? p[?
, , , , , , , , , ,
l v-u ] 'an' L.
N ] 'a' --T-L.
an umbrella (v d an)
an hour ( an)
an honour ( an)
an idea ( an)
an owl ( an)
an egg ( an)
v h a, an N-confusion [].

C regular actions English p.

1. v d.(like [)
2. W [ ]--.
3. -- ] C--- v
-.
4. t O J-q hC.
(watch - J-q, E- [[)
5. o- V J- AJ-T-h. (return, come back; 'home')

I do not know that.

( L-].)

Sudha: She goes to her aunt's place every

sunday. I too visit my cousin every
sunday evening.

( C x hu
-C. C-
v > -.)
be forms [-Eo -[ j
uxE meet, comes, remember, does
come, goes, visit - L-h.

- L C [.
I Regular Doing

II Regular Doing

Words

Words

A
eat
take
give
wash
like
sing
dance
go

B
eats (eat+s)
takes (take+s)
gives (give+s)
washes (Wash+es)
likes (like+s)
sings (Sing+s)
dances (dance+s)
goes (go+es)

C - I Regular Doing Words, B

C - II Regular Doing Words .
I Regular Doing Words (A C -)
's' F 'es' F Jh II Regular doing words
h.
A C [I Regular Doing Words
(I RDWs)], I, We, you and they [. B
C - [II Regular Doing Words
(II RDWs)] He, She, it [.

'A'

I
We
You
like milk
My parents
(They)

My father (he)
My mother (she)
The Cat (it)

j N] A group C
group C verbs p.
eg: [

Eo p--L-T Eo-
.

tice
Answers :
I
We
You
The boys
(They)

Hemant (he)
Sarala (she)
It

prac-

write
sleep
play
waste
walk
use
run
remember
cook
forget
love
writes cooks
uses
plays loves remembers
walks sleeps forgets
runs wastes

(n
J---x)
OE J-Q-L-.

a) Pens (They) write.

A pen (It) writes.
b) Wrist watches (They) show the time.
A wrist watch (It)
shows the time.
c) Doctors (They) treat
patients.
A doctor (He/She)
treats patients.
d) Fans (They) give air.
A fan gives air.
e) Teachers
(They)
M. SURESAN
teach.
A Teacher (He/She) teaches.
verbs
practice

Eo

COUNTABLES, UNCOUNTABLES

\ dN.

a) countables
book, pen, teacher, boy, dog etc.
b) uncountables
milk, sugar, rice, water etc.
singular
c) countables
plural
book (singular)
books (plural)
pen (singular)
pens (plural)
teacher (singular) teachers (plural)
boy (singular)
boys (plural)
d) uncountables plural
milks, sugars, rices
e) Very Important: countable singulars

\-dEN.

v
(),
( \) .

likes milk

I
He
We drink coffee She
You
It
They

] ]?

Verbs, B

drinks coffee

[].

( \-dN -Eo, JE J#
p--p[) ] p[ 'a' F
'an' F -Lq.

eg:
1) A doctor treats patients (doctor -

N l ] a [.
countable singular \[ #a E ] a
F an F -Lq.
Mother loves her child (wrong)
A Mother (countable singular) loves her child.

] a F an F p[
].
Sx -J 1st RDW (1st Regular doing
word come, go, walk), 2nd RDW (2nd
Regular doing word comes, goes,
walks) J-Q-Ll.
I, We, you, they 1st RDW;
he, she, it 2nd RDW L.
[ Regular doing words v p, Eu J [
Regular actions . p[ J -
O [.
1) W J- Ev]--h.
C regular action. d I get up at 6 a.m.
\[ every day E p, p---
. get 1st RDW regular C
n---C.
2) NtC- - -.
f) Uncountable

We start for college at 9 a.m.

(Regular action - start - 1st RDW)

3) o- [.
C regular action.
Our friends (They) play well.

4) O-p[ u h.
(p[ J--E).
You always come late.

5) o- ] 9 --- (Regular- vA-V).

My father (He) starts for office at 9 a.m.
(everyday
starts
regular)

E pLq - ].

6) t [-C (p[).
My mother (She) cooks for us.

7) 1st show -- v -C
(W ).
The 1st show (It) starts at 6.15 p.m.

O !

p Tx O
p Tx, vA\, [,
# a.

>[, j]82

email: pratibha@ eenadu.net

6. vA-W ] - ]--.
(study; for an hour, every morning)

7. t -C.
(vA-W - regular)

Answers:
1. She likes this dress.
2. I read the Eenadu (every day).
3. Our classes (They) begin / start at 10 a.m.
4. My mother (She) watches TV serials.
5. My father (He) returns / comes back home
at 6 a.m.
6. I study for an hour every morning.
7. My mother (She) takes coffee (every day).

vo: Oxford advanced dictionary

word

\ ho pronunciation letters
Eo [f, Eo --]- -]? OE a-J-L?
]--i
E---?
Dictionary page bottom line ]
. O J# L--.
-, j]--.
: Tx--E - (alphabet), Tx
a-- a l--Eo- J-. ]x pronunciation confusion. o
- Eo l- #---E J-.
d --]-, [f o --
Eo l [-. -
Eo l- h.
'v'E very l-E [-. --]-
o v = E but, shut, cut x
a l-E [-. but- DE pronunciation, dictionary C. bt; cut =
kt etc. {-vF key to Pronunciation
h h l-E C N-
C. -- pronunciation
casettes, CDs ----[-.
vo: p-j -J O] h
[-C E p--E Tx- -i proverb L---.
. --, t-[.
: O-o--E --i proverb D
English ].

[-

Ramu: Do you know Mr. venu?

They know English.

Vasu: Of course, I know him.

They do not know English.

Ramu: How do you know him?

Do they know English?

(Question Structure

(F ?)

( F ?)

Vasu:

We work in the same department.

But he works in another section.

( -d-x \ ho.
F {x E--h[)

4. Tx .
Tx L-].
O Tx ?
5. x C-h.
x C-.
x C-h?
6. Tx E- h.
Tx E- [.
O Tx E- h?
7. \[ dx j]u h.
(j]u [ = treat)
\[ dx j]u .
\[ dx j]u h?
8. x -h.
x -.
x -h?

x Tx L-].

( )

x Tx ?

hC

p[ ])
y-[ -u h.

(not)

You do not come late.

Vasu:

Do you always come late?

( {x E h[?)

y-[ -u h?

Why do you want to know all this?

(y N- ] -------o?)
j - -E-. Question do,
does h-o. O [ ---[
English u.
-N
,
--p[ v-h L.
Txj d N
x -hC.
vA W ]
NtC .
I go to college at 9 AM.

] Nt-C- x -
I do not (don't) go to college at 9 AM.

vA V x o --.

d L !
3.

o- - h.
His friends help him.

o- - .
His friends do not help him.

They meet me every day.

x --.

They do not meet

me every day.

--p[ (uA- p--E),

question p[

'not'

N)
hC.
Eo u

o- - h?

1st RDW (come, go

'do'

M. SURESAN

1) I go there every Sunday.

a) I do not go there every Sunday.
b) Do I go there every Sunday?
2) They speak Telugu.
a) They do not speak Telugu.
b) Do they speak Telugu?

(1) go not --p[ 1 (a) do

go -C. Question 1 (b) do
go -C.
(2) Speak not --p[
2(a), question 2(b) do speak C.
3) We like mangoes
a) We do not like mangoes
b) Do we like mangoes?

\[ like not F question

F --p[ do like [ -E.
d 1 RDW + not/?= do + 1st RDW.
1st Regular Doing Words (come,
go -N)E not question -p[ do + 1st RDW -C.
C- not uA-, questions
practice . Eo --...
1. x Tx .

Answers:
1. They come here daily.
They do not come here daily.
Do they come here daily?
2. You meet him every day.
You do not meet him every day.
Do you meet him everyday?
3. We sing well.

You always come late.

Ramu: Which section does he work in?

Regular doing words (1st RDW, 2nd RDW)

- come, comes; go, goesnot
question

'verb'

2.

y-p[ -u .

C 26 W 2005

Do his friends help him?

know = do know
come = do come
help = do help

[ j ux -E-.
C u- English practice
.
1. Rx-\- W h.
Rx\- W .
Rx-\- W h?
2. y E W --.
y E W --.
y E W ---?
3. [.
[.
[-?

3.

x [?
How do they sing? (How =

Ans:

[.

?)

They sing well

4.

O-] p[ -u h?
Why do you always come late?
Ans: I miss the bus.

5.

O -- p[ l?
(W)

When do you start for college? (every

day)
Ans: I start at 9 AM.
6.

] j d h?

Why do you waste time?

Ans:

d -[-].
I do not waste time.

C questions English practice

.
1. x W \- ] h?
2. O Eo E---] h?
3. O - h---\[ ?
4. x vA ]--?
5. p # O -?
6. O -C-h?
7. x W \- p--h?
8. vA C- y--JE --?
9. E- Fd?
10. O K - - \[
?
j questions vA--E --
.
Answers:
1. Why do they come here every day?
Ans: They come here to see me.

2. Why do you watch so many movies?

Ans: I watch them because I like them.

We do not sing well.

Do we sing well?
4. I know English.
I do not know English.
Do you know English?
5. These teachers teach well.
These teachers do not teach well.
Do these teachers teach well?
6. We watch English movies.
We do not watch English movies.
Do you watch English movies?
7. The doctors here treat well.
The doctors here do not treat well.
Do the doctors here treat well?
8. They act well.
They do not act well.
Do they act well?

3. Where do you buy books usually?

Ans: I buy them at that stall.

4. What newspaper do they read?

Ans: They read the Eenadu.

5. When do your holidays begin?

Ans: They usually begin in April 3rd week.

6. How much do you earn?

Ans: Why do you want to know?

(O-] --------o?)
7. When do they come here every day?
Ans: They come here at 7 PM

8. Whom do you meet every sunday?

Ans: I meet my friend.

9. What kind of movies do you like?

Ans: I like suspense movies.

10. Where do you buy provisions usually?

English
what, where, when, which,
whose, whom and why
questions
'wh' words
questions 'wh' questions.
'wh'
'wh' questions
1
st RDW do + 1 st RDW
1.
What do you know?
2.
Where do you live?

[- ? OE
O
-

O ?

hC.

Ans: I buy them at that shop.

O !

p Tx O
p Tx, vA\, [,
>[, j]82

# a.

O-\-[-?

vo: standard {vFE J

L? j Word y
Ad Y]lA L---.
Key to dictionary entries
N?
j, K--
: Standard dictionary
Word A-d ]lA .
Alphabetical order refer [.
L_ refer - C
---L.
English alphabet v a-z
L-L.
A ] Spelling #a-
L L. - pLx p-

] -]. --p[ vuo Spellings E L. existence ] spelling

-- existance E
A- ] Dictionary -].
--p[ a ] e vu-o -[ -A ].
Word A--d Y ]lA C.
v h--Eo d
y ] -[ --
C.
] vA @j o Lead Word
--L.
Spelling d -L.
Key to dictionary entries n

email: pratibha@ eenadu.net

{vF a -C-# N. N
Pronunciation
parts of speech

parts of speech
Print
Type

Parts of speech Noun, Verb

, -i
, -
C.
-

Eo #hC.
a Idiom a h,
Synonyms, antonyms
L.
...C. OE Key to dictionary
entries N-J-h.
N {vF NE--Eo u - hC.

[-

28 W 2005

He does not
move out of home
on sunday.

Raghu: Does your friend meet you regularly?

(O v Eo u-- -h?)
( v?)
()

Ramu: Which friend?

Raghu: Seshu
Ramu: Yes, he meets me regularly. But
he does not meet me on sundays.

(. u-- -h[ F
C- v -[.)

Raghu: Why does he not (doesn't he) meet

you on sundays?

(C-- ] -[?)

Does Usha play well?

Ramu: He does not move out of home on

sunday.

C u- vd .
1. a) -]- C-h.
b) -]- C-.
c) -]- C-h?
2. a) x -- h.
b) x -- .
c) x -- h?
3. a) - \ W h.

( C- x ]-[.)
j - ! 2nd RDW meets
question not does meet -C.
does move moves (not #a-p[).
Come, go, Walk 1st RDWs
not,
(Regular Doing Words)
questions
--p[ do h-]E
o.
eg:
1) They come here everyday.
a) they do not come here every day.
b) Do they come here every day?
2) You come here often.
a) You do not come here often.
b) Do you come here often?

p[

2nd Regular Doing Wordsverbs

not
comes, goes, walks, talks
question
'does'
2nd RDWs- he, she, it
'does'
he, she, it

F p[
[.

--T-

F,
hC.
d
L.

1) Sunita (She) sings well.

a) Sunita does not sing well.
2nd RDW

\[

verb 'does sing' - not

b) Does Sunita sing well?
verb 'does sing' - question
sings + not/?
= does sing
sings
not
question
'does sing'

\[
\[

p[
C.

F,
F --

2) Kumar (he) knows

English.
a) Kumar does not
M. SURESAN
know English.
b) Does Kumar know English?
knows + not/? = does know)
3) Hari likes music.
a) Hari does not like music.
b) Does Hari like music?
'not'
questions
2nd RDWs

(-E- !

[.

J-Eo

1) works (+ not) = does not work;

Q: Does (he) work?
2) takes (+ not) = does not take;
Q: Does (she) take?
3) finds (+ not) = does not find;

1. a) Mr Ananda Rao teaches well.

b) Mr Ananda Rao does not teach well.
c) How does Mr Ananda Rao teach?
2. a) They help others.
b) They do not help others.
c) Do they help others?
3. a) Mr Rao comes here every day.
b) Mr Rao does not come here every day.
c) Does Mr Rao come here every day?
4. a) We watch the TV for an hour every

Does phC?

morning.
b) We do not watch TV for an hour every
morning.
c) When do you watch the TV every day?
5. a) The paper comes every day at 6 AM.
b) The paper does not come here at

AM.
c) When does the paper come?
5. a) We get the paper at 6 AM
b) We do not get the paper at 6 AM

Does (Sunil) find?

4) goes (+ not) = does not go;
Q: Does (Sita) go?
Q:

h--.

2nd RDW

ANSWERS:

takes = does take (with not/?)

comes = does come (with not/?)
writes = does write (with not/?)
practice
1st RDW, 2nd RDW
'do',
'does'

p[ C E
.
N
-C-#N. Eo ]sx
J Eo
]sx
Lq C. v-h

x
-E#
eg:
1. a)

practice

11 .. [--.
I go to bed at 11 PM.

b)

11 .. [-.
I do not go to bed at 11 PM.

c)

O-Eo- [--?

When do you go to bed?

2. a)

[-C.
Usha plays well.

b)

[].

c)

[-?

Usha does not play well.

- \- W .
- \- W h?
] O h.
] O [.
O W O p[ h?
. W ] 6 hC.
W ] 6 - ].
W Eo- hC?
x ] n-C.
x ] n ].
x ]
nC?
7. a) O W ]--.
b) O W ]-.
c) O W ]--?
8. a) C-- x vq
C.
b) C-- x vq x].
c) x vq - C?
9. a) - d.
b) - d ].
c) - ]- d?
10. a) vA- j [.
b) vA- j x[.
c) vA- j ] [?
11. a) B-.
b) B.
c) O B-, ?
b)
c)
4. a)
b)
c)
5 a)
b)
c)
6. a)
b)
c)

c) When do you get the paper?

6. a) They understand his teaching well.
b) They do not understand his teaching
well.
c) How well do they understand his teaching?
7. a) You read the paper every day.
b) You do not read the paper everyday.
c) What paper do you read everyday?
8. a) She goes to her friends' on Sundays.
b) She does not go to her friends' on
Sundays.
c) How often does she go to her friends'?
9. a) She likes him.
b) She does not like him.
c) Why does she like him so much?
10. a) He goes to Vizag every week.
b) He does not go to Vizag every week.
c) Why does he go to Vizag every week?
11. a) We take coffee.
b) We do not take coffee.
c) What do you take, coffee or tea?

O !

p Tx O
p Tx, vA\, [,
>[, j]82

Nq q Lq #a--p[
vo: v-h B--L.

# a.

email: pratibha@ eenadu.net

j--?
1. I know you've stolen my book.

j--?
tion j-. O ] u .
uEo -a?

j-?
I Know (simple present) you've stolen
2. I knew you had stolen my book.

(present perfect).
j u ]-s L.
j- N-J---.
3. I Knew you stole my book
simple past, past perfect combination o
4. I have just Know (that) you've stolen u j- ?
. , o-, o
[, ] u d.
u j-.
F h T-L--E . uEo -a
: I know you have stolen my book
eg:
DE n y h -L--E \[ T-L--[ . L--[ I knew you had stolen my book.
\[ [ past ], I have just noticed that he has not attend.
.
y J- d knew, had ed class for the past two days.
] T-L-#C LC I Knew you stole my book.
have noticed, have attended [ pres ]-sEo d DE n -a stolen L.
p[.
F - u p. Simple Present, Present perfect combina- ent perfect ! [ a.
I knew you had stolen my book.
my book.
5. I know (that) you stolen my book
yesterday.
6. I knew that you had stolen my book
yesterday.

simple present
present perfect
combination
simple
past perfect
past
simple past simple past
just
recent actions present perfect +
present perfect

[ p- J, -

1st
RDW (Regular Doing Words- come, go)
2nd RDW (Regular Doing
Words- comes, goes)
1st
RDW
'not'
question
'do', 2nd RDW
'not'
question
'does'
Ravi:
Hello Ramana when did you return
from Vizag?

N,

N [.
E,
F

E,
E
hC E -o.

(, j # p[ AJ-a?)

Ramana: I returned yesterday.

(Eo AJ--a.)

Ravi:

(j ] x?)

Ramana: I went there to attend a marriage

the day before.

( Rx --u-] o
\- x.)

Ravi:

(Past Doing Word- PDW).

a-[, E-[[, EvC-[, --[, n

-[, [, [, ]l--[[,
a[, u [, -[, [[,
NvA B-[, E-[, ' [,
[[, [ [, d[, E--[,
[.

--o?
Let's go over what we've learnt so far.

-- a--oC J l.

am, is, are; was, were; have/has been; shall

be/will be;1st Regular Doing Words (go,
verbs), 2nd Regular Doing
come, walk
Words (goes, comes, walks
verbs)
'not'
question
do, does

Why did you go to Vizag?

How did the marriage go off?

(Rx J-TC?)

30 W 2005

O
,

--o.
p[ OE -E-.
-J/---JC = whose
-J-E/---J = whom

[[

a) Whose book is this?

h @.
The pages of the book (book's-

x.

[--[])

p)
-
--v
p[ - [.

legs of the table (table's

Doors of the house.
Wheels of the car.
Ramu: I went to my uncle's place last
evening.

Ramana: Oh, it went off very well.

(Rx J-TC.)
j - -E-. return

(yesterday), went (day before), went (also day

before)
(yesterday, day before)

Fo J-T .
J
p[
.
past actions ( J-T-- -
V, , -q E #a L--p[) verb - past doing word. C
u [.
A
1) He comes here every day.
regular action
2) I go to movies every sunday.
regular
'go'
B
1) He came here yesterday.

of

(vA-W)
C

(Eo v u
x.)

C J h?
b) Whose is this book?

h -JC?
c) y -JE \ d--[-?A , B ?
Whom do you like more, A or B?

( Eo a[)
, Eo ? Eo E j
o d came)

(past action

Raghu: What was the matter?

(]?)

Ramu: My cousin returned from the states

the day before. He wanted to see
me.

(o x-s -J #
AJ--a[. o ----o[.)

2) He went to a movie last night.

C Eo vA j
J-T-]E o d went.
C d [.
d)

Regular actions

(v p- J-N)

;
C .

II RDW
(He, She & It)
goes
sees
comes
knows
tells
teaches
writes
sings
keeps
learns
walks

C.

C.

;
C
F/O
FC/-OC

(C h; F-\[?)
his- -E/---EC;
her- \
hers- C
her E n C.

( j J-T-N)

This is Ramesh's shirt.

Past Doing Words

went
saw
came
knew
told
taught
wrote
sang
kept
learnt
walked
English verbs
Regular Doing Words, Past Doing Words
practice
eg:
eat (I RDW), eats (II RDW), ate

.
A[

( V ]l O
. F O x E
p.)

e)
Whom does she know?
myminea)
M. SURESAN
This is my pen.
b)
This pen is mine.
our ours youryoursThis is my book; Where is yours?

Past actions, Time stated

C n a

y -J --[-?

Raghu: I tried to get you over phone this

morning; but your people told me
you were out.

Whom do you help?

Regular Doing Words

I RDW
(I, We, You & they)
go
see
come
know
tell
teach
write
sing
keep
learn
walk

x 10

C \. -C, - C
E L----E 's (Apostrophe- s)
[.
o J ]h.
My father's cloths.

My mother's jewels

J E E, -J C E F p--E
English 's (apostrophe- s) [.
v E ---i C --E 's
[. E ] 'of' [.

Ramu:

come
like
talk
smell
kill

Yes, I spent the whole of last night

at my uncle's.

(. Eo v u
x- o.)
- J-Q-Lh J L-
- J-T --- J# x-x -hC. verbs: went (last evening),

came
liked
talked
smelt
killed

etc.

OE j L-
p[ [.

past actions

[.

1) He comes on time everyday, but he came

late yesterday.

(vAW j h[, Eo -u
a[ yesterday - came)

2) My mother goes to bed early (regulargoes). She went late to bed yesterday
(yesterday
went).
3) India became independent in 1947.

E j o d

( 1947 yv uC.)

4) The movie flopped on the first day of its

release last week (flopped - last week).
5) She passed Intermediate 2 years ago.
I & II Regular Doing Words
past forms
eg: buy/buys (regular) - bought (past-

] #a

p.

J-T--C)

sing/sings (regular) - sang (past- [[

--C)
OE vd .
A[ (Regular), [, [-[, a-[,
[, x[[, [, [[, d[,
[, ][, [
Answers:
eat/eats
buy/buys
walk/walks
learn/ learns
write/writes
talk/talks
shout/shouts
weep/weeps
build/builds
drink/drinks
move/moves
change/changes -

ate;
bought;
walked;
learnt;
wrote;
talked;
shouted;
wept;
built;
drank;
moved;
changed.

returned (the day before), wanted (after he

came), tried (this morning), told (this morning). went, returned, wanted, tried, told past tense
past
verbsPast Doing Words

OE
-
.

.
OE u J-T , V,
-q, j E L---p[
[.
I met him yesterday.

(Eo E ---o)

They lost a lot of money last year.

( -q x [s -d-o)
j L- past actions ( JT -) past doing words (past simple ) L--L. past doing words (past
simple) ---
go
see
write

went
saw
wrote

vo: present

tense, past tense, future

N], x -T- N-J---.

. , ]l-
: Tx x--] tenses x ---Lq - ]. Time of action (E-J ) d -Lq verb (verb
form) -- . p QJ{-
#a -Fo tense -C-#-. E
vd .
: (W 28) Q&A
vJ# voE u
jC ]. u L
tense

I have known (that) you've stolen my

book.