4 :

E [V/m];

D [C/m2];

H [A/m];

B [W/ m2]

.
i [A/m2]
:

divi =
.
t

,
:

D = E , B = H i = E .




D E .
, (
). ,
. .
,




D E .
, .

:

0 =

1
.109 F / m , 0 = 4 .107 H / m Z 0 =
36

0
= 120 377
0

.




B
rotE =
t




D
rotH = i +
t


divD =



divB = 0
V , -

.

A
A
A
gradA = i
+j
+k
x
y
z
A (divA)
.

A A A
divA = x + y + z
x
y
z


( rotA ) ,
.






i
j
k

Az Ay
Ax Az
Ay Ax
rotA =
=i

+ j

+k
x y z
z
x
y
z
y
x
Ax Ay Az

, , ,
.
,
.
, ,
.

, :




2 E
2
E 2 = 0
t




2H
2
H 2 = 0
t
: E = E e jt H = H e jt
:





2 E k 2 E = 0
,




2
2
H k H =0

k =

.
k =

, .




E H
:

S (da )

P=

1
Re EH *da
2 S

EE =

EH =

e:

e:

1
1
2
EE *dV = E dV

4V
4V

1
1
2
HH *dV = H dV

4V
4V

V e: PD =

1
1
2
EE *dV = E dV

2V
2V

.
, ,
.

b
a
z

 ,
( Ez = 0 ) ( H z = 0 ).
.
,
, , . ()
n m,

.
f c ,nm ,
. ,
. f c ,nm ,
:

= k02 kc2 , k0 = 0 0 kc = 2 f c 0 0 .
:

1 0

0
f
1 c
f0

, 0

, .
.

kc , -
, ( kc
).

 ,
, ,
.
,
.
, v 0 .
v = c

=
0

1 0

, v
- 0 .
1

2
2
2 12

dk0 d ( c kc )
c 2 c 0

v =
=
=
=
= c.
=c

d
d

k0

v = c 1 0

, , v , v

.
, .
.

Ez = 0 .
hz . :
2
2 hz 2 hz
2 hz
h + k h = 0
+
+ kc
=0
x 2 y 2
z 2
2
t z

2
c z

:
H z = An ,m cos

Hx = j

n x
m y j nmz
cos
e
a
b

nm n
k

2
c , nm

An ,m sin

n x
m y jnmz
e
cos
a
b

Hy = j

nm m
k

2
c , nm

Ex = jZ h ,nm

An , m cos

nm m
k

2
c , nm

E y = jZ h ,nm

An ,m cos

nm n
k

2
c , nm

Z h ,nm =

a
k0

nm

n x
m y j nmz
sin
e
a
b
n x
m y j nmz
sin
e
a
b

An ,m sin

n x
m y j nmz
cos
e
,
a
b

Z 0 nm - .

Z h ,nm .
n m
=
+

a b
2

nm - kc , nm : kc , nm

.
2

nm - : nm = j nm = j k k
2
0

2
c , nm

2 n m
= j


.
0 a b
2

k0 > kc ,nm , nm ;
k0 < kc ,nm , nm , nm

nm z

, ,

z , .
:

f c ,nm =

c
c n m
=
kc ,nm =

+
.
2
2 a b
2

,nm

,nm =

c
f c ,nm

2
n m

a b
2

2ab
n b + m2 a 2
2 2

- : 2a = b .
:

,nm =

2a
n + 4m 2
2

 H10 ,
: , H10 = 2a , H11 , H11 =

2a
.
5

.
:

-:

 1 , 2 , 3
.

H11 .
Ez = 0 H z : 2 hz + kc2 hz = 0 .
:

hz ( r , ) = ( B1 cos n + B2 cos n ) J n ( kc r ) , J n ( kc r )
n- . , hz ( r , ) r = 0 r = a .

dJ n ( kc r )
dr

= 0 r = a . pnm

:
kc , nm =

pnm
.
a

pn1

pn 2

pn 3

3.832

7.016

10.174

1.841

5.331

8.536

3.054

6.706

9.970

,nm =

2 a

pnm

pnm
,
a
2

Z h ,nm =

k0

nm

nm = k02

Z0 .

H11 = 3.41 .
( H z = 0 ) : t2 Ez + kc2 E z = 0 ,
Ez = 0 r = a . :

Ez ( r , ) = ( A1 cos n + A2 cos n ) J n ( kc r ) .
Ez = 0 r = a J n ( kc a ) = 0 .
n- pnm .
kc , nm =

pnm
. n m .
a

,nm

2 a
=
.
pnm

Z h ,nm =

k0

nm

nm

p
= k nm ,
a
2
0

Z 0 .

-.
n

pn1

pn 2

pn 3

2.405

5.520

8.654

3.832

7.016

10.174

5.135

8.417

11.620


.
:

-:

 1 , 2
l-l, 3 s-s.

,
.
w
t
r

,
.
.

r ( w,
t, h).

.

 -
,
.
( ), .
SMD .
,
, .

.
, .
-
, r
- .
( r r )
( ) (
) .
, .
,
. ,
,
.
.
,

. , ,
, ,
. ,
.
,

, .
, , ,
,

 .
.
.

, . .
.
.
.
,
.

.
.
, ,
:

Z0 =

L
1
=
.
C vC

,
,
. :

Za =

L
1
=
.
Ca cCa

: Z 0 =
: =

1
.
c CCa

= LC =

C
C
= 0
,
Ca
Ca

0 .

c 0
C
= =
=
, 0
0 v
Ca

.
,

.
reff
2

: reff =

C
c
. , reff = = 0 reff .
Ca
v

(w, h, t),
reff . ,

: =

0
.
reff

1.

(w, h, t, r ).
reff , Z 0 , .
:

reff =

r + 1 r 1
2

h
1 + 10
2
w

a ( w h )b ( r )

4
2
1 ( w h ) + ( w 52h )
1
3
w
a = 1 + ln
ln 1 + ( w 18.1h )
+
4

49 ( w h ) + 0.432 18.7
h

0.9
b ( r ) = 0.564 r

r + 3

0.053

:
Z0 =

120
2 reff

2
w
2h

ln F1 + 1 + ,
h
w

0.7528

h
w
F1 = 6 + ( 2 6 ) exp 30.666
.

w
h

- 0.01%
2.

w
w
< 1 0.03% < 1000 .
h
h

Z 0 r ,
w h . .

( ) Z 0 > ( 44 2 r ) :

Z 0 2 ( r + 1) 1 r 1 1 4

w exp ( A )
1
=

, A =
+

ln + ln .
h 8
4 exp ( A )
119.9
2 r +1 2 r
1

( ) Z 0 < ( 44 2 r ) :

w 2
1
0.517
59.95 2
= ( B 1) ln ( 2 B 1) + r
B

ln
1
0.293
,

B
=
.
(
)
r
r
h
Z0 r

, , ,
.
.
,
.

.
10 - .
,
. ,
.
.

.


:

Ploss
.
2P ( z )

3 :
( ), .
1.

. :

c 8.686

Rs

[dB/m], Rs =

wZ 0
2

.

.

[S/m]

(Ag)

6.14 107

(Au)

4.1 107

(Cu)

5.88 107

(Ni)

1.47 107

(Al)

3.53 107

2. -

tg :

d 27.3

reff 1 r f
tg ,[dB/m]
r 1 reff c

- ,

(MIC).
3. : ,

- .
, .
,
.
-, .

, -
- -
:
fT =

300arctg r
, fT [GHz], a h [mm].
h 2 r 2

, - .
:
fc =

300
, f c [GHz], a h,w [mm].
r ( 2w + 0.8h )

- :
f = 2.14

r0.25
h

, f [GHz], a h [mm].