Lines and Planes

True Length
Point View
Edge View of a Plane
True Size of a Plane

Introduction
Concept: The location of the points in a space
is defined by the intersection of the
projection lines from one view to another.
The primary reference planes are planes
perpendicular to the line of site of the viewer.

Introduction
There are 3 primary views:
1. Front View (FV)
corresponds to the view when you observed the
Frontal Reference Plane (FRP)
2. Top View (TV)
corresponds to the view when you observed the
Horizontal Reference Plane (HRP)
3. Right Side View (RSV)
corresponds to the view when you observed the
Profile Reference Plane (PRP)

3. For point B, its location in the Top

View is given by the distance from
PRP to point B in the RSV.
4. For Points C and D, their location
in the FV is given by the
intersection of the projection lines
from TV and RSV.
RSV- Right Side View

Line of sight of
the observer

R1
D

A
HRP

FRP

R1
B

A
C

A
C

PRP

1. Draw the projection lines of each

point. These lines are always
perpendicular to the reference
planes.
2. For point A, its location in the RSV
is given by the intersection of the
projection lines and the arc (with
radius R, measured from the
HRP).

FRP

Steps:

Projecting Points

Determining the True Length (T.L.) and

Point View of a Line
Concept:
To construct the
True Length of a
line, draw a
reference plane
which is parallel
to that given line
and construct the
auxiliary view
from that
reference plane.

B
A
B
HRP
FRP

B
5

Determining the True Length (T.L.) and

Point View of a Line
A
R
Concept:
To construct the Point
View (PV) of a line,
draw it as TL first,
then, from the true
length, construct a
perpendicular
reference plane and
draw the next view.

B
A
B
HRP

AB (PV)

FRP

R
A

Edge View (EV) and True Size (TS) of a Plane

ABC (E.V.)

C
R
B

AB (T.L.)
A

C
PRP

Steps:
1. Since side AB is parallel to the
reference plane (at RSV), it is TL in the
next view (FV).
2. Construct an auxiliary reference plane
perpendicular to the projection line
of AB to draw it as PV. (Note: Plane
ABC appears as Edge View.)

AB

FRP

Concept:
To construct the Edge View of a plane,
find a line (contained in the given plane)
and draw it as Point View, in this way the
plane will necessarily appear as EV.

AB (//RP)

A
7

Edge View (EV) and True Size (TS) of a Plane

A

B
C
AB
R1
R

ABC (E.V.)

C
B

AB (T.L.)
A

C
PRP

R1

FRP

Concept:
To construct the True Size of a
plane, draw it as EV first, then
draw a reference plane which
is parallel to that drawn EV.
The resulting auxiliary view
from that reference plane
(ARP2) will give us the true
size of Plane ABC.

AB (//RP)