ECE 6152: Wireless Communication

Shengli Zhou
Oct. 1, 2014
Handout (2 2 MIMO)
Definition
1 1: SISO
y[m] = hx[m] + w[m]
1 2: SIMO
y1 [m] = h1 x[m] + w1 [m], y2 [m] = h2 x[m] + w2 [m],
2 1: MISO
y[m] = h1 x1 [m] + h2 x2 [m] + w1 [m],
2 2: MIMO
y1 [m] = h11 x1 [m]+h12 x2 [m]+w1 [m], y2 [m] = h21 x1 [m]+h22 x2 [m]+w2 [m]
Matrix-vector notation

 
y1 [m]
h
= 11
h21
y2 [m]

h12
h22


 

x1 [m]
w1 [m]
+
x2 [m]
w2 [m]

Group every two time periods together.



 
y1 [m] y1 [m + 1]
h
= 11
y2 [m] y2 [m + 1]
h21

h12
h22



 

x1 [m] x1 [m + 1]
w [m]
+ 1
x2 [m] x2 [m + 1]
w2 [m]
|
{z
}
TX space time codeword

Four schemes
Signal design: how to map information symbols to the space time codeword.
Repetition coding

s 0
0 s

Receiver processing. Rate 1/2, diversity 4

Antenna switching

s1
0

0
s2

Receiver processing. Rate 1, diversity 2. Using coding or precoding,

diversity can be increased to 4.
1

 Alamouti coding

s1
s2

s2
s1

Receiver processing. Rate 1, diversity 4.

Spatial multiplexing

s1
s2


s3
,
s4

or

 
s1
s2

Receiver processing. Rate 2. Diversity order 2 with ML processing. Diversity order 1 with ZF processing.

Alamouti processing

y1 [0]
h11
y1 [1] h12

y2 [0] = h21
h22
y2 [1]

w1 [0]
h12  

h11
s1 + w1 [1]
w2 [0]
h22 s2
w2 [1]
h21

y = As + w

The channel matrix is orthogonal

AH A = (|h11 |2 + |h12 |2 + |h21 |2 + |h22 |2 )I2
Define a unitary matrix
U = [h1 /||h1 ||, h2 /||h2 ||, u3 , u4 ]
z1 = s1 + w
1 ,

z2 = s1 + w
2

Spatial multiplexing processing

  
h
y1
= 11
h21
y2

h12
h22


  
w1 [m]
s1
+
w2 [m]
s2

ML receiver
s = argminky Ask2
Linear ZF receiver


A
C



1
B
D
=
D
AD BC C

B
A

The inverting matrix is then


1
h22
h11 h22 h12 h21 h21
2

h12
h22

Check the first symbol using a normalized version:


1
h22
uT1 = p
2
2
|h22 | + |h12 |

h12

h22 h11 h12 h21

z1 = uT1 h1 s1 + w
1 = p
s1 + w
1
|h22 |2 + |h12 |2

Summary
Summary 3.2 2 2 MIMO Schemes
The performance of the various schemes for the 2 2 channel is summarized
below.

Repetition
Alamouti
V-BLAST (ML)
V-BLAST (nulling)
channel itself

Diversity gain Degrees of freedom utilized

per symbol time
4
1/2
4
1
2
2
1
2
4
2