Cuadratura Gausiana

parametros:
n=nodos
grado ≤ (2n − 1)
´1
f (x)dx = ni=1 (wi ∗ f (xi ))
P
−1

n=2 ; grados ´ ≤3
f (x) = 1− > 1−1 dx = w1 f (x1 ) + w2 f (x2 ) = w1 + w2 = x|1−1 = 1 − (−1) = 2
´1 2
f (x) = x− > −1 x.dx = w1 f (x1 ) + w2 f (x2 ) = w1 x1 + w2 x2 = x2 |1−1 = 0
´1 3
f (x) = x2 − > −1 x2 .dx = w1 f (x1 ) + w2 f (x2 ) = w1 x21 + w2 x22 = x3 |1−1 = 23
´1 4
f (x) = x3 − > −1 x3 .dx = w1 f (x1 ) + w2 f (x2 ) = w1 x31 + w2 x32 = x4 |1−1 = 0

n=3 ; grados´≤ 5
f (x) = 1− > 1−1 dx = w1 f (x1 ) + w2 f (x2 ) + w3 f (x3 ) = w1 + w2 + w3
= x|1−1 = 1 − (−1) = 2
´1
f (x) = x− > −1 x.dx = w1 f (x1 ) + w2 f (x2 ) + w3 f (x3 ) = w1 x1 + w2 x2 +
2
w3 x3 = x2 |1−1 = 0
´1
f (x) = x2 − > −1 x2 .dx = w1 f (x1 ) + w2 f (x2 ) + w3 f (x3 ) = w1 x21 + w2 x22 +
3
w3 x23 = x3 |1−1 = 23
´1
f (x) = x3 − > −1 x3 .dx = w1 f (x1 ) + w2 f (x2 ) + w3 f (x3 ) = w1 x31 + w2 x32 +
4
w3 x33 = x4 |1−1 = 0
´1
f (x) = x4 − > −1 x3 .dx = w1 f (x1 ) + w2 f (x2 ) + w3 f (x3 ) = w1 x41 + w2 x42 +
5
w3 x43 = x5 |1−1 = 25
´1
f (x) = x5 − > −1 x3 .dx = w1 f (x1 ) + w2 f (x2 ) + w3 f (x3 ) = w1 x51 + w2 x52 +
x6 1
w3 x53 = 6 |−1 =0

Ejemplos
´1 Pn
−1
f (x)dx = i=1 (wi ∗ f (xi ))

n=2
´ ->
1
f (x)dx = ni=1 (wi ∗ f (xi )) = w1 ∗ f (x1 ) + w2 ∗ f (x2 ) = 1 ∗ f (0, 557) +
P
−1
1 ∗ f (−0, 557)
´1
(3x4 + 3x2 + 7) = 17, 2− > 1 ∗ f (0, 557) + 1 ∗ f (−0, 557)
´ −1
1 4 2 x5 x3 1
−1 (3x + 3x + 7) = 3 5 + 3 3 + 7x|−1 = 17, 2

´n=3
1
->
f (x)dx = ni=1 (wi ∗ f (xi )) = w1 ∗ f (x1 ) + w2 ∗ f (x2 ) + w3 ∗ f (x3 ) =
P
−1
0, 556 ∗ f (0, 7746) + 0, 556 ∗ f (−0, 7746) + 0, 889 ∗ f (0)

1
 Teorema de translación
t = b−a x + a+b ; dt =
b−a
2 dx
´b 2 ´ 21 b−a
Pn
f (t)dt ≈ f ( x + a+b b−a b−a
2 )( 2 )dx = 2
b−a a+b
i=1 wi f ( 2 xi + 2 )
´a1 −1 2
f ( b−a a+b b−a
2 x + 2 )( 2 )dx
´−1
1
f (x)dx ≈ 2i=1 (wi ∗ f (xi )) = w1 f ( b−a a+b b−a b−a
P
−1 2 x1 + 2 )( 2 ) + w2 f ( 2 x2 +
a+b b−a
2 )( 2 )

´ 1,5
Ejemplo: calcular la integral denida de para n=2
2

1
e−x dx
b−a 1,5−1
2 = 2 = 0, 25
b+a 1,5+1
2 = 2 = 1, 25
2
f (x) = e−x para n = 2 ->
´ 1,5 −x2 P2
1
e dx = b−a2
b−a a+b
i=1 wi f ( 2 xi + 2 ) = 0, 25(w1 ∗ f (0, 25x1 + 1, 25) +
w2 ∗ f (0, 25x2 + 1, 25)) =
0, 25(f (0, 25∗0, 5774+1, 25)+f (0, 25∗−0, 5774+1, 25)) = 0, 25(f (1, 39435)+
2 2
f (1, 10565)) = 0, 25(e−(1,39435) + e−(1,10565) )
= 0, 25(0, 1430 + 0, 1095) = 0, 10940104496734