Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Practise Your Tenses
Practise Your Tenses
Tenses
Donald Adamson
~1Il~
L ongman=
Contents
Forms expressing the present
1 Simple present: positive statements and questions
2 Simple present: mixed positive and negative statements and questions
3 Present progressive: positive and negative statements
4 Present progressive: positive and negative questions with answers
5 Mixed present simple and progressive forms
Forms expressing the past
6 Simple past: positive statements and questions
7 Simple past: negative questions and statements
8 Simple past: mixed forms (positive and negative statements/questions)
9 Past progressive: positive and negative statements/questions
10 Past progressive and simple past
11 Present perfect: questions and statements; some expressions of frequency
12 Present perfect: positive and negative forms; use withfor and since
13 Present perfect: mixed simple forms, including negative questions
14 Present perfect progressive: questions and statements; negative statements
15 Present perfect: mixed simple and progressive forms
16 Present perfect and simple past
17 Past perfect: positive and negative statements and questions
18 Past perfect progressive: positive and negative statements
19 Past perfect: mixed simple and progressive forms
20 Mixed past and perfect forms: statements about the past
21 Mixed past and perfect forms: statements and questions about the past
Forms expressing the future
22 Future with will and shall
23 Questions with shall for offers, suggestions; requests for suggestions and advice
24 Future with will and shall: mixed questions and statements
25 Future with going to
26 Mixed will/shall and going to forms
27 Future expressed by present progressive: contrast with will and going to future
28 Future expressed by simple present
29 Future progressive with will + ing
30 Future progressive: contrasted with will future, going to future and present progressive
31 Future perfect: contrasted with future progressive
32 Mixed forms expressing the future
47
48
49
51
53
55
56
57
59
60
Irregular verbs
61
35
37
38
39
42
43
44
45
Introduction
Practise your Tenses is a workbook in the Practise your ...
eries which is designed to give students practice in particular
areas of English. The main features are these:
- Practice is contextualised to make it easier to see the
meanings which determine the choice of a particular form.
- Practice is varied. There is a mix of exercise types. There is
also a mix of exercises focussing on form alone with exercises
on the factors which lie behind the use of one form rather than
another.
- As far as logical grouping of the content allows, practice is
graded from straightforward practice with easily-stated rules,
to language uses which are more complex and require more
subtle generalisations.
The material is designed to be suitable both for students
working on their own or for classroom use. A few exercises of a
more open-ended nature are included to allow students to
personalise the language studied. For these it will be helpful to
consult a teacher, or other students. But the material does not
need a teacher to be present all the time. Many students will find
sufficient guidance in the explanations and tables before the
exercises, and the possibilities set out by the Answer Key.
The workbook sets out to cover the areas of the tense system
which are most important for the learner, briefly, and without too
much complication. There are bound to be omissions, but these
are either not considered central to tense at this level, or else are
covered in other workbooks in the series. For example, the
present workbook does not set out to cover tense in a wide range
of modal or tag forms, since these areas are dealt with elsewhere.
Similarly, the passive is not dealt with as a topic, though some
passives are included in the form of be with past participle.
The explanations of tenses give some hints on the use of
contracted ('short') and uncontracted ('long') forms. In general,
the policy has been to give contracted forms - which are used
mainly in conversation and informal writing - as the main forms,
since they are likely to be of more general use to the learner.
The workbook is intended for adults and young adults, at levels
from lower-intermediate to intermediate. It can be used on its
own, or as supplementary material to any structural or notional
syllabus. It is hoped that the content of the workbook will be
found enjoyable as well as useful. The author and the publishers
welcome comments from users.
statements and
questions
The simple present is used to describe habits and routines, a
series of happenings (as in a football commentary), and opinions
and feelings.
eat
wash
hurry
play
do
have
etc.
You
We
They
He
She
It
eats
washes
hurries
plays
does
has
etc.
Do
I
you
we
they
eat?
wash?
hurry?
play?
do?
have?
etc.
Does
he
she
it
come
go
eat?
wash?
hurry?
play?
do?
have?
etc.
begin
fly
I usually
myself. I
_2
grow
join
say
b~_i.n
_
_
some magic words. A bird
put
Then Henri
me on the stage. He
into a box. I
knives
_4
in an empty pot.
alive!
~~.~/
_8
~~-I
:>I~~~~~~
f)~".~ o~f~p
~. ~f~~~~"""
1"'/
choose
cover
turn
applaud
tell
_9
catch
_
"'1,~1I7/'.
disappear
HenriandI
1_4
All
., .
throw
_
my eyes. I
_12
_15
them! They
in clouds of smoke!
out
!Leigh
try
rise
clap
_17____
_18
to
orchestra
_23_____
a mysterious tune.
2
_4_____
us, and we
-=- d out everything about it. Write down the questions he asks,
....::.-IDg the words given below.
ilY OlAt of
the cag_e_?
eat?
wash?
hurry?
etc.
you
we
they
Doesn't
he
she
it
I
You
We
They
don't
do not
He
She
It
doesn't
does not
eat
wash
hurry
etc.
Negative questions with Why ... ? can ask for information or make
suggestions:
Why don't you like her? (asks for information)
Why don 't you come and see us? (makes a suggestion)
D meeting.
The teachers at the Express School of English are having a staff
They are discussing some everyday problems of classes
and students. Complete the sentences as in the examples. Use the
verbs in brackets, in the negative form where necessary.
clOe6n't (;\0
Abdullah (ldo)
Why
~Oe1tit VIe do It
l1eeM
the computer with my group.
?
DIRECTOR:
Why
SUE:
They (9think)
GARETH:
LUCINDA:
Oh? Why
GARETH:
opinions.
11
?
/ the same political
Why 14
e5g0)
Because she
I!I
DIRECTOR:
Why 17
LUCINDA:
MARY:
Why 20
LUCINDA:
__ I1_cvte___
I ehate)
to go?
it
(4show)
I (5not feel)
(6say)
_____
Cknow)
_____
you (8Iike)
jazz. Why
(9nat we go)
To be honest, his playing eOnot appeal)
Well, why
(llnot
you go)
(12not matter)
at
LUCY:
e 7not go)
(18not get out)
reading
lying
making
hitting
hurrying
etc.
It's
I'm not
reading
You
We
They
aren't
He
She
It
isn't
etc.
In formal language, the long forms I am not, you are not, etc. are
used.
I'm not (reading, etc.) is the only short form that can be used with 1.
We can also use this type of short form with other persons: you're not
reading, he's not reading, etc. This emphasises not and makes the
negative idea stronger.
I'm a director at Merlin Books. One of our books has just sold
a million copies, so some of us are having a party, and others
are just relaxing.
II
(type, dance)
(sleep, stand)
~ Me~Wtg_
in a chair.
3 They
the radio.
The directors
(cut, make)
I
(eat, try)
Are
you
we
they
Is
he
she
it
coming?
etc.
Aren't
I
you
we
they
Isn't
he
she
it
coming?
etc.
II
1
2
3
4
'Charlie! Why
Why
<Afe idOlA
~tanciWJg __
you stand
you help
do
Susie do
3____________
the cooking, and she told me she didn't need any help.'
5
6
7
8
Terry take
he take
he take
they use
9 you fry
10 they burn
11 I make
10
11
12 I do
13 I lie
14 you help
13
12
_
_
BERTRAND:
MARJA:
MARJA:
BERTRAND:
MARJA:
BERTRAND:
MARJA:
BERTRAND:
MARJA:
BERTRAND:
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
KAREN:
ROB:
KAREN:
ROB:
KAREN:
ROB:
Rob, 1you do/you're doing/are you doing a lot of work to help hungry people at the
moment. What 2does make/makes/is making
you so interested in helping them?
Well, 3! don't read/I'm reading/! read the newspapers like everyone else. Every
week 4you see/do you see/you're seeing pictures of places where the people 5don't
die/do they die/are dying of hunger. It 6doesn't make/isn't making/makes
me so
angry when I see that! 7!sn't it making/Doesn't it make/Does it make you angry?
Oh yes, Rob. But a lot of people 8arejeeling/jeel/do theyjeel
that the problem is so big
that they can't do anything to help. What 9do you say/don't you say/aren't you
saying
to this?
Just that even the smallest gift lodoesn't help/does it help/helps
someone. And also, this:
just imagine that you llare living/aren't living/don't live in a place where no rain has
fallen for years. Perhaps you 12don't want/want/aren't wanting
to accept help from
others, but you know you must because your children 13suffer/are suffering/don't
suffer. If your neighbour has food, you'll accept help from him, won't you?
Yes. But I 14see/don't see/'m not seeing exactly what you mean ...
What 15! say/I'm saying/I'm not saying is this: we're all neighbours on this planet, and
we can all help. We 16aren't needing/need/don't need to be a special kind of person to do
something for others. I mean, 17am! looking/do! look/aren't! looking special? I'm just
an ordinary person, and 18! help/am! helping/! don't help in my own way. Anyone can do
that.
etc.
looked
lived
dropped
etc.
The simple past form of the verb is the same for all persons. With regular
verbs, it ends in -ed.
There are over 250 irregular verbs in English. There is no simple rule for
their past forms, but see the list of irregular verbs on page 61.
arose
beat
became
began
etc.
Did
I
look?
you live?
he beat?
etc. become?
begin?
When did is used to form questions, the base form of the verb is used for
each person. This applies to both regular and irregular verbs.
etc.
Report 1
Ten-year-old
.4WCl
she (5revive)
him safely
him by giving
Report 2
their match against Lee Rovers 3-0 last night, and in so doing
Cteach)
. Lee
(ll
hold on)
no
(13go
Report 3
?olice who (14stop)
<"'discover)
r:6learn)
(18say)
eOput)
Report 4
During yesterday's
1 When she did not hear 40 metres (after verb 1) she asked:
Haw fur 0{ Ld Mr e /.YWi.m ?
the upper
You
etc.
Didn't
you
etc.
work
eat
etc.
Didn't and the base form ofthe verb are the same for all persons.
Didn't occurs as did not in formal language.
work?
eat?
etc.
II
ANN.
DICK:
ANN:
They didn't}
.
D
{Didn't they say why It was late
No, they didn't. And then someone was supposed to meet us. But
he didn't}
. DOh r per aps h'd
.
he arnve
e come ear l'Ier an d gone away agam.
{didn't
DICK:
he didn't}
.
D
Perhaps {didn't he know about the plane bemg late
ANN:
. us rooms D {Didn't
they} have a record of our reservatIOn
. D
gIve
They didn't
DICK:
DICK:
.
. {your holiday didn't}
D
From what you say, It sounds as if d'd 't
h l'd
go very well
1 n your 01 ay
ANN:
.
Well, a lot of things
happened that {didn't
I didn't expect D
I}
TOMMY:
WARDEN:
LIZ:
WARDEN:
LARRY:
WARDEN:
KEN:
Ah, there you are! I suppose lyou got lost in the mist!
No. 2The mist covered our side of the hill.
Well,what happened? Why 3you got back here before now? It 4got dark two hours ago. It
was a short trip. 5you had to walk more than eight kilometres.
The problem was that 6we took a map with us ...
What! 7you took a map! Why 8you checked that before 9you left this morning?
Actually, lOwehad a map. But it was the wrong one.
But even without a map, llyou have any idea where you were going? It's just a matter of
walking south along the valley. That's all 12you needed to dO.13 You took a compass with
you?
Yes, 14Sebastian put a compass in his pocket this morning. But 15heknew how to use it.
And where is Sebastian now?
We don't know. 16Weleft him behind on the hill while he was trying to use his compass.
no
change
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
was
We
You
They
were
Was
I
he
she
it
Were
you
they
reading
lying
etc.
reading?
lying?
etc.
I
He
She
It
wasn't
was not
(formal)
We
You
They
weren't
were not
(formal)
Wasn't
I
he
she
it
Weren't
you
they
reading
lying
etc.
reading?
lying?
etc.
II
the 9 iKl
W1M
W0 WI0__
cowboy.
GEORGE:
GEORGE:
in
Surely not.
(9work)
time.
JILL:
GEORGE:
(II
Be plan)
to capture the
leader alive and find out where the girl was.
GEORGE:
JILL:
Oh George,
ftH16
arriNed.
Several shopkeepers
complain to us.
6 (because)
t perfect:
arrived
fallen
etc.
's
has
(formal)
Have l/we/you/they
Has
Position of expressions of
frequency:
Have you ever done it?
No, I've never done it.
Yes, I've often
done it.
sometimes
arrived?
fallen?
etc.
he/she/it
II
Look at this table of things Marie Leblanc and her brother Pierre
have done, or have not done. Then complete the questions and
answers according to the instructions. Use the present perfect
tense, and the words in the table.
MARIE
PIERRE
ridden a
horse
sung in
public
wanted to
live in
America
never
oftet1
nEWer
a few
t{m~
11ever
al-wa~,1
forgotten
their father's
birthday
Ol1cear
been to
England
met you
tMree
Uwl~
MVer~1
ti..wr~
never
11ever
twiNe
_
Pierre,
liked the
same record
VleNer
-------_?
(Give her answer.) No,
their father's
8 (You meet Marie at a party. You are not sure ifit is your
first meeting. Ask her a suitable question. ) Marie,
12
hasn't
has not
(formal)
arrived
come
etc.
II
for)
7 Sue and Pam stopped taking useless medicines when they joined the health club.
(take (negative), since)
8 Bob and I play squash every Friday night. This began when the squash court opened.
(play (positive), since)
I1we/youlthey
Hasn't
he/she/it
come?
etc.
II
BARKER:
NORA:
BARKER:
DAVE:
NORA:
NORRIS:
BARKER:
NORRIS:
BARKER:
I asked for the payments list yesterday. It isn't here. Why lit has arrived on my desk?
The people in the payments office 2have been very busy recently. Perhaps 3they have had
time to find it for you.
Humph! And you, Nora. 4Jhave told you always to have a cup of coffee waiting for me when
I arrive?
I'm sorry Mr Barker. The coffee machine 5has broken down.
Bah! 6Jhave had any breakfast this morning, and now you tell me there's no coffee! And
look! 7 The cleaner has emptied my ashtray. It's still full of cigarette ends from yesterday.
(whispers to Nora): What a bad mood he's in' Perhaps 8his wife has gone on a business trip
again.
(whispers to Dave): Or perhaps 9she has told him how wonderful he is. lOHe'salways
liked hearing that kind of thing, you know.
Er ... Mr Barker, llyou haveforgotten something this morning?
What is it now?
12I've arranged your meeting with Mr Nashimuro, the head of Tony Electronics, just as you
asked me to do yesterday. But 13you have put your tie on.
Oh dear no, you're right. l4I'veforgotten my tie. Can I borrow yours?
10
_
_
11
12
13
14
've
have
(formal)
He/She/It
's
has
(formal)
VWelYoulThey
haven't
have not
(formal)
He/She/It
hasn't
has not
(formal)
been
dreaming
etc.
Have
dreaming
etc.
dreaming?
been
etc.
Has
been
Vwe/you/they
he/she/it
II
Kate, CI look)
use) ________________
GINA:
their friends here? I'm sure I've heard them talking to friends late at night.
KATE:
politics with
her friends during the student elections. But I'm almost sure (8she not cook)
. You know how she hates cooking. And as for Julie, (9she stay)
out late with her friends most nights.
GINA:
Anyway, COwespend)
KATE:
[ill Present
forms
Mrs Ellis is writing to her son, Thomas, who is a student. Write the
most suitable present perfect form (simple or progressive) using
the words in brackets.
It ha1 beekf
"~efJt:vrcet
L/le (8 0 trn)
1
nexi dOOJT, wia (If -nof e"'j~)
ifle4e
.ITecUI.
it""
(10
(" He -tal/e)
/'(rnu 4,j4,m
___
to
lUJ
/011
a.n.'IHr.Wt'j 01 trlo;c/c
I.e
new.!.J 01 ,{~
lte'.,4 -two '!.u:vz4
COUIl4e,
________
lfrn<
-I)
4tloof
tJ/)
fdO'U.
1()1t~fl.e;c (It
("
A71d/lewA?
ttCfW
ttn.d
UJe !ef)
lltrn1
-Aw
';~a?t
YtlL,. (17
7l!toihYr.
Bur,
0/
Ie meef)
011 'Yl."f.
B If
G{O
tnn :Jtn1~
9'0 in
have)
t/; a.t -tire /Jame coNeje
('S
Ireu.
9O"CJcI-Aeatf-A
foo.
l(4uJ
'1'/.QW
'd QUJ7.
Ivu~ie"x
we rLJ{
01
(9
/J07J1{.
'fdU-
Complete the passage below, using the correct form of the verb in
brackets (present perfect or simple past).
b!2g<AYl
in Athens in 1896, and since then, more than a dozen different countries
(5stage)
in the
the achievements
of the great
nine
e see)
2
many tragedies
and triumphs.
For
_________
_________
_________
him over the finishing line. And in 1936, the famous black American
(15help )
From the first modern Olympics in Athens, when only fourteen countries
_________
countries.
e go)
9
(17participate)
to include over 140
to over 8,000 men and
eaten
etc.
Had
eaten
etc.
(informal)
I
you
he/she/it
we
they
eaten?
etc.
had
I
You
He/Shellt
We
They
had
'd
hadn't
had not
(formal)
eaten?
etc.
(formal)
-~ ~"~-""
_ .. __
I",
II.'
.,
1!1
1, so you ask:
2, so you ask:
5 Wales in sentence
5, so you ask:
Where
6 football championship in sentence
What
6, so you ask:
_
had
'd
been dreaming
etc.
You
He/She/It
We
They
(informal)
hadn't
had not
been dreaming
etc.
(formal)
It had
II
had
be&t1
wurkWrg __
(get) _____________
us false information.'
below.
JO:
WENDY:
JO:
WENDY:
JO:
WENDY:
Well, first of all, I couldn't get my wedding dress to fit. The dressmaker 1had made a mistake
in the measurements.
2you had tried it on in the dressmaker's before that?
3I'd had a first fitting two weeks before, but 41 had tried on the final version. There hadn't
been time. 51 had made so many other arrangements for the wedding. Anyway, after my
sister 6had altered the dress with her sewing machine, Dave phoned to say he couldn't go
ahead with the wedding. He said he wasn't well. 7He'd been sick that morning.
8He had celebrated the night before?
Oh yes. 9He had had a good time with some of the men from his work. And I suppose with all
the excitement lohe had slept well. But I thought h'e had other reasons. Anyway, I was so
angry ... llI'd almost decided to call the whole thing off. But then he phoned again. 12Hehad
talked to his father ...
13His father had given him a few words of fatherly advice?
Yes, I suppose that was it. Anyway, 14he'd calmed down, and he wanted to go ahead. And we
did. And we've been happy ever since.
no chCUlge
10
11
12
13
14
@21
hM became
estudy)
at Woodsville University.
as a
C elect)
the same man, year after year,' she told me, 'and they (Sjust laugh)
me when I (9get up)
at
herself to be a hard-
women. She told me the reason. 'I began this campaign because women (13continually write)
_______________
(16always take)
me.
What could you say in these situations? Write your own ideas. Use
the tense in brackets. Make the verb negative if necessary.
Example:
You go to the doctor because of a problem about sleeping. What
do you say? (present perfect progressive)
_
_
1 The police ask you about your activities at the time a crime was committed. Answer the question.
(past progressive)
2 You are a teacher. You see that the homework you expected from one pupil is missing. What do you
ask? (present perfect)
3 You are surprised that a friend doesn't know what happened at a meeting. Is it possible that she
wasn't at the meeting? Ask your friend a question. (past simple)
the meeting?
4 Someone asks you your reason for not coming to your team's football practice. Answer the
question. (past simple)
The reason was that
5 You are sorry about a friend's recent illness. What do you tell your friend? (present perfect)
I'm sorry that
6 You remember an occasion when you were punished as a child. Say what led up to it. (past perfect)
7 Some students are discussing why Pacifica went to war with Arctica fifty years ago. You give your
opinion. (past perfect)
I think it was because
8 A friend tells you that he has passed his driving test. You wonder if this was expected. Ask a
question. (past simple)
9 You hear that your friend Ann has been in a car accident. Youwonder if she was the driver.
Ask a question. (past progressive)
Shall
Will
I
we
come?
etc.
you
he/she/it
they
won't
I
We
You
He/She/It
They
Won't
come
etc.
come
etc.
I
We
shan't
come
etc.
In formal language, won't occurs as will not,
and shan't occurs as shall not. Shan't is
rare in American English.
I
you
etc.
come?
etc.
Promises
A salesman is trying to sell a computer.
with 'll, will or won't.
wiM
2
4______
9______
give you a 5% reduction on the marked price. And of course, the computer
come to you with a two-year guarantee. But actually, you
10______
12______
11
give you this machine here in the showroom - it's a demonstration model, and
it's rather dusty. I
moment, sir. I
16______
17______
get you another one from the store downstairs. Please wait a
be back in a minute.'
Predictions
Write predictions (what you think, or what your neighbour
thinks). Use will or won't. Be ready to give reasons for the
predictions.
In 100 years' time ...
or
Make a prediction of your own about the world in 100 years' time.
5
How about you? In five years' time will you speak English better
than you do now? Have the same job as you have now? Be
married? Be rich? Write two predictions about yourself.
II
Look at this table. Then write questions from the table to match
the answers given below:
Shall
What
Where
shall
we
II
The year is 1890, during the Pacifican Civil War. A group of rebels
are expecting an attack by government soldiers.
Look at the verb phrases in italics. Write them with the correct
form of will or shall (question or statement, positive or negative).
If the verb is already correct, write 'no change'.
LUCAN:
VARGEZ:
TAIT:
VARGEZ:
BELOF:
VARGEZ:
LUCAN:
VARGEZ:
TAlT:
VARGEZ:
no chCUl9_e __
13
14
15
10
16
11
17
12
38
_
_
I'm
You're
We're
They're
fall
etc.
As usual, the uncontracted forms I am, you are, he is, etc. can occur in
formal language.
He's
She's
It's
going to
I'm not
YoulWe/Theyaren't
fall
etc.
He/Shellt isn't
AmI
going to
Are we/you/they
fall?
etc.
going to
fall?
etc.
Aren't you/they/we
Isn't he/she/it
Is he/she/it
D the
Going to for future situations
present
it 9oit19_to_m_iM_?
_
YeI.l)i.t1 goi"g to rain. There are cJ.cwM i.fI the J6k~L'
or No)i..t ~n'tgoit1g to r",in.The cLaud6 are 901n9 awa~~
111
ANSWER
+ REASON:
III
I'm
3 Susan has decided that the dress she needs is an evening dress.
How does she answer her friend?
this message!
him get away with it!
John and Carol are making plans for a day's holiday. Form a
suitable will/slwll or going to form from the words in brackets.
Sometimes both forms are possible.
JOHN:
lfu gair1g_to_be
I don't think
swim)
________
either. But
(81 lie)
CI be
CAROL:
take)
(61
my swimming things with me. If the sun gets very hot I expect
glad)
CAROL:
me good.
a big crowd
II
Read the situations below. In most (not all) of them, you could
use a present progressive form, but another form may be possible
also. Choose (a), (b) or (c) and circle the letter.
1 Helen's secretary reminds her of her intention to travel to
Chicago. What does the secretary say?
a Remember - you're flying to Chicago next week.
b Remember - you'll fly to Chicago next week.
c Either (a) or (b).
2 Jim has invited some friends to his house for dinner.
As a result, he cannot go to a football match. What does he say?
a I can't go. I'm having a meal with friends that
night.
b I can't go. I'll have a meal with friends that night.
c Either (a) or (b).
3 Terry has to go away for a few days. He is worried about what
will happen to his cat during his absence. His neighbour
promises to help. What does the neighbour say?
a Don't worry. I'm feeding it while you're away.
b Don't worry. I'll feed it while you're away.
c Either (a) or (b).
4 Andrew has booked a hotel in Athens as part of a business trip.
What does he say?
a I'm spending four nights in Athens.
b I'm going to spend four nights in Athens.
c Either (a) or (b).
5 Marion isn't looking forward to the arrival of workmen next
week. She knows the house will be in a mess. What does she say
to her friend?
a What a nuisance! We're getting central heating put in next week.
b What a nuisance! We'll get central heating put in next week.
c Either (a) or (b).
II
get
divide
assemble
give
meet
arrive
try out
begin
visit
have
make
finish
return
enjoy
1
a66en1ble
tomorrow at 10
4_________
5_________
including a special project using books from the college library. So part of the programme tomorrow
is that at twelve o'clock the groups 6_________
we
bus
the Roman Camp and the Cathedral, and then around five o'clock the
to the college.
10
13
12_________
14
+ ing
Uses:
1 For actions or events that occur as a matter of course, with no
deliberate intention or effort: I'll be seeing him at the club
tomorrow - he's usually there when I'm there.
2 Out of politeness, to avoid any idea of wanting, requesting or
promising: Will you be going there? (compare Will you go
therejorme?), Yes, I'll be going there (compare Yes, I'llgo
there because you've asked me to).
3 For continuous actions taking place before and after, or during
some future time: At seven o'clock tomorrow I'll be ha ving
my breakfast.
In formal language, 'll occurs as will, or as shall with I and we
(see page 35).
be
coming
etc.
I
You
etc.
won't be
coming
etc.
Will
I
you
etc.
coming?
etc.
I'll
You'll
He'll/She'll
We'll
They'll
It will
be
II
The Tibbs family have just come back from a long trip round the
world. For most of them, this means that they will go back to their
ordinary (rather boring) routines. You are looking at some
photographs with Mrs Tibbs, and asking questions about the
family's plans now.
Form questions and answers, using the words given.
they?
Oh yes. (6They camp)
the Scouts. CThey not camp)
on the plains of Kenya.
And you and your husband? (8you have)
another holiday this year?
No. (9We stay) _____________
(lOWenot gaze)
in Newtown.
at the Taj
Mahal by moonlight!
And you, yourself? (llyou come)
to the Women's Club this year, won't you?
That'night.
e2r make)
jam
e He eat)
good
in Newtown?
to
MRS FaY:
la
Willyou be doing
(9 Either
(a) or (b).
2a
BILL:
the afternoon
I'll be going
Willyou be getting
Willyou get
c Either (a) or (b).
b I'll go
4a
BILL:
~ I'll be doing
b I'm doing
c Either (a) or (b).
MRS FaY:
You see, I need a mousetrap. Last night I heard a mouse in the house. I hate
6a I'll be catching
mice! I've decided
b I'm going to catch it.
c Either (a) or (b).
BILL:
Well, certainly
MRS FaY:
a I'll be getting
iJ I'll get
c Either (a) or (b)..
Sa I'll be getting
b I'm going to get
one soon. In fact,
f Either (a) or (b).
I'll be seeing
b I'm seeing
lOa
progressIve
won't
have
finished
In formal language, will and shall occur in the usual way (see
page 35). See page 35 also for the use of will not, shan't and
etc.
shall not.
finished
have
ete.
Will
I
you
have
finished?
etc.
II
h_aN_e_r_it1_er1
________
D but
Danny is a young businessman. He is planning to open a disco he needs more money. He asks another man, Ned Lucas, to
help him with the money.
Fill in the blanks below with a suitable form expressing the future.
Use the words in brackets. Often, more than one answer is
possible.
'Ned,eIopen)
to)
wait long.
Of course, you could join me as a partner. (6We share)
the profits.
he had
all the money we've
can buy it at a really low price! It's a nightclub at the moment. But the owner has had trouble with the
police, and (llhe not be able)
it to me cheap. We've
him the money within fourteen days. I know that if I don't pay in
some of his friends round to see me. So I must get
Write sentences giving your own ideas, or find out what a friend
thinks, about:
1 the date of an important development in science (e.g. the first people to land on Mars)
People will land on Mars in
2 the next winner of an important sporting event (e.g. the World Football Cup)
4 a promise you have made, or think you ought to make to your husband, wife, father, mother,
brother, sister, or friend
6 something natural or routine, which will happen as a matter of course (whether anyone wants it
or not)
~ Reported statements
Direct speech
He says
(that)
Notes
Would is used for the 'conditional' form of
the verb: he would help, etc.
(would is the same for all persons).
~~
He said
(that)
D Goodman,
Pacifica has a new government today. The new president, Mrs
is making a speech about the old government (of
President Badley), and explaining what the new government
plans to do.
3 Badley's government
acted dishonestly.
Not everyone who is listening to the speech agrees with it. Write
sentences as in the example.
She
~4
Badl~
ciamaged the
COlAntr~ -
blAt
ne hCN:nit.
3
4
-.,
10
I!I
to his
8
9
10
I asked
She wondered
He wanted to know
etc.
t
if
whether
Note how the word order of questions changes when they become
reported questions.
II
1 I asked him
SLANT:
BOGGS:
SLANT:
BOGGS:
SLANT:
BOGGS:
SLANT:
BOGGS:
SLANT:
BOGGS:
,because
in prison.
Present or
Present perfect
when
until
Simple past
Simple past
I started the work
as soon as
when
after
he paid me.
Simple past
Past perfect
Present perfect
Simple past
II
WM
a bQ11.
6 the head gardener (retire) next year - I (become) head gardener in his place
(when)
Present
Present or Future
If water is heated
to 100C.
it boils.
itwiU boiL
If a baby
it usually starts
it wiU usually start
is
hungry,
II
Ann and Celia are writers for television. They are discussing how
to continue a 'soap opera' (a story which goes on week after
week). Underline the correct choices in the dialogue below.
Sometimes both choices are correct. Note that 0 = 'no word at
all'.
CELIA:
ANN:
CELIA:
ANN:
CELIA:
Past
'Would'
'Would'
Past
II
TABLE
~\l~O
6 I am sensible.
!l
'.
Past perfect
'Wouldhave'
If I had seen her I would have spoken to her.
(but I didn't see her, and I didn't speak to her)
have
'Wouldhave'
Past perfect
She wouldn't have succeeded if she hadn't worked hard.
(but she did succeed, and she did work hard)
informally.
II
1.50) 000
WU\liLdn't
~GWe
netdn't lerJt me
.6tarted
the school.
a success.
contract,
so
to live in Italy.
5 (We didn't build another language lab because there weren't enough students.) We
___________________
a friendly atmosphere.
_
was so low.) We
II
Two scouts, Alan and Bob, are sheltering from a storm. They are
discussing what has happened, and what to do now. Complete the
conversation with a suitable form of the verb in brackets.
'LA carr~_OYI
__
BOB:
ALAN:
BOB:
I suppose things could be worse. Do you remember the hill-walk last year? We Chave
to)
his ankle.
ALAN:
BOB:
Still, we were lucky that the accident happened so soon after we (llset out)
. If it eZhappen)
_____
ALAN:
lift.
BOB:
There isn't much chance of that. Anyway, my problem is my feet. They're killing me! I e6put)
some ointment on them if I (17have)
any. But I forgot to pack it.
ALAN:
Me too. But the rain's stopped, so let's go. Just think! When we eSget)
____
that we came.
Irregular verbs
( ed) means that the regular form in ed is an alternative to the irregular form.
Base
arise
awake
bear"
beat
become
begin
bend
bet
bind
bite
bleed
blow
break
breed
bring
broadcast
build
burn
burst
buy
cast
catch
choose
cling
come
cost
creep
cut
deal
dig
do
draw
dream
Past simple
arose
awoke
bore
beat
became
began
bent
bet
bound
bit
bled
blew
broke
bred
brought
broadcast
built
burntJburned
burst
bought
cast
caught
chose
clung
came
cost
crept
cut
dealt
dug
did
drew
dreamt/dreamed
drink
drive
eat
fall
feed
feel
fight
find
flee
fly
forbid
forecast
forget
forgive
freeze
get
give
go
grow
hang
hear
hide
hit
hold
hurt
keep
kneel
knit
know
lay
lead
lean
leap
learn
leave
lend
let
drank
drive
ate
fell
fed
felt
fought
found
fled
flew
forbade
forecast
forgot
forgave
froze
got
gave
went
grew
hung
heard
hid
hit
held
hurt
kept
kneltJkneeled
knit
knew
laid
led
leantJIeaned
leaptJIeaped
learntJIearned
left
lent
'let
Past perfect
have arisen
have awoken
have borne
have beaten
have become
have begun
have bent
have bet
have bound
have bitten
have bled
have blown
have broken
have bred
have brought
have broadcast
have built
have burntJburned
have burst
have bought
have cast
have caught
have chosen
have clung
have come
have cost
have crept
have cut
have dealt
have dug
have done
have drawn
have dreamt/
dreamed
have drunk
have driven
have eaten
have fallen
have fed
have felt
have fought
have found
have fled
have flown
have forbidden
have forecast
have forgotten
have forgiven
have frozen
have got
have given
have gone
have grown
have hung
have heard
have hid/hidden
have hit
have held
have hurt
have kept
have kneltJkneeled
have knit (ted)
have known
have laid
have led
haveleantJIeaned
have leaptJIeaped
have leamtJIeamed
have left
have lent
have let
Base
lie
light
lose
make
mean
meet
pay
put
read
ride
ring
rise
run
saw
say
see
seek
sell
send
set
sew
shake
shine
shoot
show
shrink
shut
sing
sink
sit
sleep
smell
sow
speak
speed
spend
spin
spit
split
spoil
spread
spring
stand
steal
stick
sting
stink
strike
swear
sweep
swim
swing
take
teach
tear
tell
think
throw
thrust
understand
wake
wear
weep
win
wind
withdraw
write
Past simple
lay
litJlighted
lost
made
meant
met
paid
put
read
rode
rang
rose
ran
sawed
said
saw
sought
sold
sent
set
sewed
shook
shone
shot
showed
shrank
shut
sang
sank
sat
slept
smelt/smelled
sowed
spoke
sped
spent
spun
spat
split
spoilt/spoiled
spread
sprang
stood
stole
stuck
stung
stank
struck
swore
swept
swam
swung
took
taught
tore
told
thought
threw
thrust
understood
woke
wore
wept
won
wound
withdrew
wrote
Past perfect
have lain
have litJlighted
have lost
have made
have meant
have met
have paid
have put
have read
have ridden
have rung
have risen
have run
have sawn (ed)
have said
have seen
have sought
have sold
have sent
have set
have sewn (ed)
have shaken
have shone
have shot
have shown
have shrunk
have shut
have sung
have sunk
have sat
have slept
have smelt/smelled
have sown/sowed
have spoken
have sped
have spent
have spun
have spat
have split
have spoilt/spoiled
have spread
have sprung
have stood
have stolen
have stuck
have stung
have stunk
have struck
have sworn
have swept
have swum
have swung
have taken
have taught
have torn
have told
have thought
have thrown
have thrust
have understood
have woken
have worn
have wept
have won
have wound
have withdrawn
have written
61
Answer key
ill]
Present progressive
(pages 8-9)
.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
ANN:
The plane didn't leave until
rn
II
(pages 12-13)
II 1 you're doing
[]J
B:
DICK:
i!~~w::Jck~ud~~,~t:~::
A"lN:
well.
Well,a lot of things happened
that I didn't expect.
as
2 makes 3 I read
4yousee
5 aredying 6 makes
7 Doesn't it make 8 feel 9 do you
say 10 helps 11 are living
12 don't want 13 are suffering
[]] Past progressive
14 don't see 15 I'm saying
16 don't need 17 do Ilook 18 I
(pages 18-19)
help
[Ql
II
ip1
(a
31)
.
were causingl~he fans caused a lot of
1 hasn't it arrived 2 no change
p ge
damage. 7 While all this was going
3 they haven't had 4 Haven't I told
1 had been working 2 had been
on outside, fans were throwing/fans
5 no change 6 I haven't had
giving away 3 had not been
threw stones inside the ground.
7 The cleaner hasn't emptied 8 no
cooperating 4 had been having
8 The situation was becominglThe
change 9 she hasn't told 10 no
5 had been listening 6 had not
situation became serious, so we
change 11 haven't you forgotten
been receiving 7 had not been
radioed for extra men. 9 However
12 no change 13 you haven't put
getting 8 had been feeding 9 had
while we were waiting/we waited fo~
14 no change
been sending 10' had not been
extra men the situation became calm. ffAl P
t
f
.
carrying out
Present perfect
(pages 22-23)
7
8
~~~~?
has Marie ever sung in
[ill Present
rou
P
resent perfect and simple '2J:I .
.
past (page 28)
Ie2:I Mixed past and perfect
1 began 2 continued 3 were
forms (page 34)
@g
~,,~~~~i~~;~b;~~
:;~!~;~e;~
2 What
3 Whathadshe
g]
(page 35)
Promises
1 will 2
6 won't
11 won't
14 won't
'11 3 'll 4
7 '11 8 'll
12 won't
15 won't
won't 5 'll
9 '11 10 will
13 '11
16 'll 17 '11
IIPredictions
Future expressed by
present progressive
(page 43)
1 a
2 a
3 b
4 c 5 a
ak
assemble 2 give 3 m es
divide 5 're going to try out
meet 7 arrives 8 is going to get
visit 10 returns 11 begins
to break.
~
Future progressive with
4 Is the building going to fall down?
w,;ll ,;ng (page 45)
Yes,it's going to fall down. It's
~
~
leaning overlleaning to one side.llt
1 will Sue'be doing 2 Willshe be
isn't straight, etc.
going 3 She'll be playing 4 She
No, it isn't going to fall down. It has
won't be riding 5 they'll be campmg
been like this for a long time.
, 6 They'll be camping 7 They won't
5 Is it going to get dark?
be camping 8 Willyou be having
Yes, it's going to get dark The sun is
9 We'll be staying 10 We won't be
setting/going down.
gazing 11 You'llbe coming 12 I'll
No, it isn't going to get dark The
be making 13 I won't/shan't be
sun is rising.
making 14 he'll be having 15 He'll
6 Is she going to get married?
be eating 16 He won't be eating
Yes, she's going to get married.
17 Willshe be staying 18 she won't
She's wearing a wedding dress.
be corning back
No, she isn't going to get married.
She's in a play/acting in a play/
~
Future progressive
singing in an opera, etc.
contrasted with will future,
'3N
17 nochange
4 b 5 a
10 b
6 b
lfwith
situations
which are
nlik
U
ely or unreal
(pages
57-58)
1 If
..
we pald higher wages we would
attract better players. 2 More .
people would come and w~tch us if we
won more matches. (PossIbly the
reverse conditlOnalso:If more people
came and watched us we would win
more matches) 3 If we had our
team from 1921-22 we would win the
cup. 4 Wewould score a lot of goals
DiegoMaradona played for us
5 Ifourgoalkeeperdidn'thave~
broken leg he would be the best
goalkeeper in the league. 6 If I wast
were sensible I wouldn't be working
for this club. 7 Our players would
run much faster if they didn't smoke.
8 If our striker was/were taller he
would score more goals with his head.
IrF . h"
.
u WIt SItuatIons WhIch
were possible
in the past,
but did not occur (page 59)
II
Reported
statements
(pages
51-52)
1 She says Badleyhas damaged the
country - but he hasn't. 2 She says
the country has not been well~
governed-but it has. 3 She says
Badley's government acted
dishonestly _ but it didn't. 4 She
says they willform an honest
government _ but they won't. 5 She
says dishonest officialswillbe
punished _ but they won't. 6 She
says they won'ttwillnot prevent
anyone from givinghis opinion_ but
they will. 7 She says there won't/will
not be any return to the bad old days _
but there will. 8 She 'saysshe has
promised the people this and (that)
she willkeep her word _ but she
won't. 9 She says they are going to ~
put the country right _ but they aren't ~
, (or won't). 10 She says a new age is
begmnmg for everyone - but it isn't.
1 Sh
d
B
e sal that Badley had damaged
the country. 2 She said that the
country had not been ~ell-governed.
3 She said that Badley s government
had acted dIshonestly. 4 She said
that they would form an honest
II
'32'
Tenses
(page
with time
55)
clauses
II
II 1 'll carry on
2 clears up
3 'd!had known
4 'd!would never have set
out 5 stops 6 'IIeasily
be 7 had to 8 started
9 broke 10 'dlhad spent
11 set
set
out outl'd
12 hsetd houtlhad d
a appene
13 'd!would have had to
14 came 15 'd!would
wave 16 'd!would put
17 had 18 get 19'11be
time