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Telecommunication Switching
Systems and Networks
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Author: Thiagarajan Viswanathan
2009.1
Charpter1 Introduction
School of Information Science and
Engineering, Shandong University
Associate Prof., Deqiang Wang
Outline
Evolution of Telecommunications
Simple Telephone Communication
Basics of a Switching System
Switching Systems
Terminology
Subscriber
Source
Destination
Signaling
Point-to-point link
Fully connected
networks
Switching system,
switching office,
exchange
Control functions
Step-by-step
Crossbar systems
Stored program
control (SPC)
Space division
switching
Time division
switching
Trunk
Subscriber line
Terminology
Simplex
communication
Half-duplex
communication
Full-duplex
communication
Sidetone
Inlets/Outlets
Switching Network
Folded network
Nonblocking Network
Blocking Network
Blocking Probability
Busy time traffic
Erlang
Transit exchange
Nonfolded network
Subscriber loop
signaling
Interexchange signaling
Intraexchange or
register signaling
Terminology
Terminology
Direct control
Common control
Manual switching
Local battery
exchange
Central battery
exchange
Urban networks
Metropolitan
networks
Rural networks
Long distance/toll
networks
Wide area networks
Number of subscribers: N
Number of links:N(N-1)/2
Cost Efficiency: low(expensive)
Switching System
S1
S2
SN-1
SN
automatic
Electromechanical
Step-by-step
Electronic
Crossbar
Analog
SS2
Trunks
SS3
Subscriber
lines
SS4
Trunks
Telegraph networks
Telex networks
Telephone networks
Data networks
Microphone
Earphone
Microphone
Earphone
Earphone
Microphone
Subscriber
Exchange
Trunk
Interface
Trunk
Interface
Subscriber
Subscriber
Switching
Line
Line
Network
Interface
Interface
Service
Service
Circuit
Circuit
Interface
Interface
Subscriber
And
Service
Line
Scanning
And
Distributor
Control
Operator Console
J
U
N
C
T
O
R
s
Trunk
Circuit
Scanning
And
Distributor
Units
N
Inlets
Switching
Matrix/Network
M
Outlets
Outgoing
Trunks
Switching
Matrix/Network
Subscriber
Inlets
Subscriber
Outlets
N
Subscriber
Lines
Switching
Matrix/Network
N
Incoming
Trunks
Switching
Matrix/Network
N
Outgoing
Trunks
Blocking network
The number of simultaneous switching paths
is less than the maximum number of
simultaneous conversations.
Blocking probability: the probability a user
may get blocked.
Assignment
Ex. 6
Ex. 13