Common Cations:

Name
Aluminum
Ammonium
Barium
Calcium
Chromium(II)
Chromium(III)
Copper(I)
Copper(II)
Iron(II)
Iron(III)
Hydrogen
Hydronium
Lead(II)
Lithium
Magnesium
Manganese(II)
Manganese(III)
Mercury(I)
Mercury(II)
Nitronium
Potassium
Silver
Sodium
Strontium
Tin(II)
Tin(IV)
Zinc

Formula
Al+3
NH4+
Ba+2
Ca+2
Cr+2
Cr+3
Cu+
Cu+2
Fe+2
Fe+3
H+
H3O+
Pb+2
Li+
Mg+2
Mn+2
Mn+3
Hg2+2
Hg+2
NO2+
K+
Ag+
Na+
Sr+2
Sn+2
Sn+4
Zn+2

Other name(s)

Chromous
Chromic
Cuprous
Cupric
Ferrous
Ferric

Manganous
Manganic
Mercurous
Mercuric

Stannous
Stannic

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Common Anions:
Simple ions:
Hydride
Fluoride
Chloride
Bromide
Iodide

HFClBrI-

Oxide
Sulfide
Nitride

O2S2N3-

Oxoanions:
Arsenate
Arsenite

AsO43AsO33-

Phosphate
Hydrogen phosphate
Dihydrogen phosphate

PO43HPO42H2PO4-

Sulfate
Hydrogen sulfate
Thiosulfate
Sulfite

SO42HSO4S2O32SO32-

Nitrate
Nitrite

NO3NO2-

Perchlorate
Chlorate
Chlorite
Hypochlorite

ClO4 ClO3 ClO2 OCl-

Iodate
Bromate

IO3BrO3-

Hypobromite

OBr-

Carbonate
Hydrogen carbonate
or Bicarbonate

CO32-

Chromate

CrO42-

HCO3-

Dichromate

Cr2O72-

CH3COO-

formate

HCOO-

CNOCNSCNOH-

Amide
Peroxide
Oxalate
Permanganate

NH2O22C2O42MnO4-

Anions from Organic Acids:

Acetate

Others:
Cyanide
Cyanate
Thiocyanate
Hydroxide