PAPER PRODUCTION

Title:
PAPER PRODUCTION
By:
Muhammad Asif Khan

Introduction
Paper:
Paper is thin flat material
which is made from crushed wood or
cloth and is used for writing, printing or
drawing on.

History

Paper, and the pulp papermaking process,

was said to be developed in China during
the
early
2nd
century
AD

Applications
For representing value:

paper money, bank note, cheque, security

For storing information: book, notebook, magazine, newspaper

For communication: between individuals and/or groups of people
For packaging: paper bag, envelope, wrapping tissue
For cleaning:

toilet paper, handkerchiefs, paper towels

For construction: paper planes, paper honeycomb,

For other uses: sandpaper, paper chromatography, electrical

Paper Making Chemicals

Cellulose Fibers the bulk
Fillers Clay, Calcium Carbonate 0 to 25%
Strength Additives Starch
Sizing Agents Rosin + Alum
Wet Strength Additives 0 to 2%
Dyes
Retention Agents

Manufacturing process

Paper Machine

Paper Machine
Four Sections:
1.Forming Section:
Also called the wet end
Where the slurry of fibers is filtered
out on a continuous fabric loop to form
a wet web of fiber.

2. Press Section:
Wet fiber web passes between large
rolls loaded under high pressure to
squeeze out as much water as possible.

Continue.
3. Drying Section:
Pressed sheet passes partly around a
series of steam heated drying
cylinders.
Drying removes the water content
down to a level of about 6%, where it
will remain at typical indoor
atmospheric conditions.

4. Calender Section:
Heavy steel rolls smooth the dried
paper.
Calenders are used to make the paper
surface extra smooth and glossy
Give more uniform thickness

Shaping and Cutting

After calendering, the web has a moisture
content of about 6%.
It is wound onto a roll called a tambour or reel,
and stored for final cutting and shipping.
The roll hardness should be checked, roll
hardness is within the acceptable range for the
product.

Video
http://www.paperrep.com/content/pape
r-making.aspx

Paper Recycling
Paper recycling is the process of turning waste
paper into new paper products.
Rationale for Recycling:
1. Energy consumption is reduced by recycling
2. Recycling causes 35% less water pollution and
74% less air pollution than making virgin paper

Limitation for Paper Recycling

Paper can not be recycled more than 5
times because
The cellulose structure would get
weaker each times