APRXNSSHEET.

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combustion analysis

CxHyOz + O2 CO2 + H2O

PF3 + BCl3 F3PBCl3
metal + nonmetal ionic salt

2Mg + O2 2MgO
metal + H2O H2 + OH- + metal ion

2Na + 2H2O H2 + 2OH- + 2Na+

metal oxide + H2O OH- + metal ion

CaO + H2O 2OH- + Ca2+

metal hydride + H2O H2 + OH- + metal ion
metal carbonate CO2 + metal oxide

CuCO3 CO2 + CuO

metal sulfite SO2 + metal oxide
(NH4)2CO3 2NH3 + CO2 + H2O
2NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O
2H2O2 2H2O + O2
2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2
acid + base water + ionic salt
formation rxn

standard state elements 1 mol compound

net ionic equation

solubility rules;

always soluble: alkali metal ions, CH3COO-, NH4+, NO3

usually soluble: Cl-, Br-, I- (except with Ag+, Pb2+, Hg22+)

usually soluble: SO42- (except with Ba2+, Ca2+, Pb2+, Sr2+)

usually insoluble: OH-, S2- (except with Ba2+, Ca2+, Sr2+)

strong acids:

HCl, HBr, HI, HClO4, HNO3, H2SO4

redox rxns
Fe + Cu2+ Fe2+ + Cu

oxidation: loss of e
reduction: gaining of e
reducing agent: reactant that oxidizes

oxidizing agent: reactant that reduces

more positive standard reduction potential = better
how to tell if rxn is redox:

neutral metals present

in acidic:

H2O2 H2O

MnO4- Mn2+

Cr2O72- Cr3+

MnO2- Mn2+

NO3- NO

dis/comproportionation

Cl2 Cl- + OCl- (basic)

Br- + BrO3- Br2 (acidic)

I- + IO3- I2 (acidic)
2I + 2H2O I2 + H2 + 2OHbrnsted acid-base rxns (Na+, K+, Cl- spectator)
nonmetal oxide + water oxoacid (HmXOn); oxidation number
doesnt change
nonmetal oxide (XOn) + hydroxide HXOn+1complex ions

Mn+ + L M(L)2n(charge)

Mn+ = TRANSITION METAL ion

L: ligand = NH3 (charge = original charge), CN-, SCN-, OH-, Cl

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