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Backer - Piaget's Theory On Language
Backer - Piaget's Theory On Language
22 EDUCATIONAL RESEARCHER
Again, we find that Piaget tied the role of social interaction to the
importance of language.
That these references of Piaget to the role of language in intellectual development are by no means marginal is apparent from
a consideration of Play, Dreams and Imitation in Childhood
(Piaget, 1945/1962a), published in the same period. This book is
considered by some to be significant because it develops Piagets
ideas on pretend play. However, originally titled La Formation
du Symbole Chez LEnfant, the book presents the theory Piaget
then held of the role of language in the development of conceptual and logical understandings. This theory provides an account
of two developments of the semiotic function. The first is a development from the absence of representation to the generation
of mental images that arise from perception and action, which
Piaget considered to be strongly tied to experiential knowing.
The second is a development from such mental images to arbitrary conventional signs, which Piaget considered to be less directly tied to experiential knowing. In this theory, the signifier is
at first an internal image derived from perceptions and actions
and resulting from extended accommodation. At this point,
thought is still particular and individual. The development from
the first signifiers to signifiers that support the development of logical thought arises from the intervention of language. The following passages (Piaget, 1945/1962a) illustrate this perspective:
We have to attempt to determine the connection between the imitative image, ludic symbolism and representative intelligence, i.e.,
between cognitive representation and the representation of imitation and play. This very complex problem is still further compli-
Piagets central idea in these passages is that the arbitrary nature of the signifiers of a language facilitates a relative detachment
of the concept from the lived experience to which it refers and
that this relative detachment is necessary for the concept to become an instrument of logical reasoning.
Piaget saw language as inherently a social factor partly because
of the conventional nature of words (the arbitrariness of the link
between a particular sound form and its referent), and it is just this
conventional nature of words that Piaget saw as crucial for conceptual development. Although this theory about the role of language in intellectual development underlies the passages DeVries
cites, her article reveals no inkling of it.
The disappearance of Piagets views on the role of language
from an account of his views on the importance of social interaction is unfortunate in two ways. First, Piagets views on the role
of language changed. Thus he wrote, It took me some time to
see, it is true, that the roots of logical operation lie deeper than the
linguistic connections, and that my early study of thinking was
centered too much on its linguistic aspects (Piaget, 1962b, p. 5),
and Some forty years ago, during my first studies, . . . I believed
in the close relation between language and thought (Piaget
1972/1973, p. 109). Piaget might not have been referring to the
particular ideas about language that we have indicated. On one
hand, if Piaget retained these ideas, they surely constitute an important component of Piagets conception of the role of social interaction on intellectual development. On the other hand, if he
changed his mind on these ideas we need an analysis that explicitly examines the coherence of his early views on social factors
once the linguistic thread is withdrawn. DeVries might contend
that the withdrawal of the linguistic thread leaves Piaget with a
coherent account of the role of social factors. However, she does
not take up this point as a question for analysis in her paper. Instead, she simply ignores Piagets references to language in the
earlier sources she cites.
Second, Piagets early ideas on the role of language are especially
relevant in the context of researchers contemporary interests in
socio-cultural aspects of development. In this connection we offer
two points. First, currently, researchers often turn to Vygotsky for
help in theorizing the role of sociocultural factors, particularly
language, on intellectual development. Through his early ideas
on language, Piaget offers an avenue for extending Vygotskys
approach to the interplay of conceptual and semiotic aspects in
intellectual development. For example, Piaget offers the idea that
the conventional terms of a language work to attenuate the links
between schemes and the particular idiosyncratic experiences of
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