(+) test

Elimination
5d Cu2+, Fe3+, Ca2+, Zn2+, NH4+
1d 1M NaOH
1d 1M NH3
Confirmatory
a. [Cu2+] Cu2+ + xs NH3 deep blue comp
b. [Fe3+] 5d Fe3+ + 2d 0.1M KSCN FeSCN2+ (blood red comp)
5d Fe3+ + 2d K4Fe(CN)6 KFe(III)Fe(II)(CN)6 (dark blue ppt)
2+
c. [Ca ] 5d Ca2+ + 2d 0.1M (NH4)2C2O4 white ppt
d. [Zn2+] 5d Zn2+ + 2d K3Fe(CN)6 KZn(II)Fe(III)(CN)6 (yellow ppt) + K4Fe(CN)6 K2Zn3[Fe(CN)6]2 (white ppt)
e. [NH4+]10d NH4+ (evap. dish) + 5d 1M NaOH red litmus blue
(-) test
Elimination
5d CO32-, PO43-, SO42-, I-, SCN-, Br-, NO32d Ba(NO3)2, add more to ppt complete
if ppt, decant
if no ppt,
o 2d 1M HNO3
o 3d 0.1M Fe(NO3)3
o 5d toluene
o shake
o 1d 0.01M KMnO4
o 5d toluene
o shake
Confirmatory
a. [CO32-] 1M CH3COOH + CO32- (elimination) ppt dissolve w/ effervescence
b. [PO43-] 1M CH3COOH + PO43- (elimination) ppt dissolves w/o effervescence
c. [SO42-] 5d 1M CH3COOH + ppt SO42- (elimination) SO42- ppt of Ba undissolved
d. [I-] pink toluene (elimination)
e. [SCN-] deep red aq. soln comp FeSCN2+ (elimination)
f. [Br-] yellow/orange toluene layer (elimination)
g. [NO3-] 5d NO3- (elimination) + 1d 6m H2SO4 + 3d FeSO4
tilt 60, 2d 18M H2SO4 slide, no shake
brown ring