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Wellbore Storage
Mud filtrate
invasion
p < pb
p > pb
dirty
water
incompatible
water
Altered
zone
Bulk
formation
ka
h
rw
ra
Pressure, psi
2000
1500
1000
ps
500
1
10
100
1000
10000
k
ra
s
1 ln
ka
rw
ka
k
1
ln ra rw
rwa
s ln
rw
rwa rw e
smin
re
ln
rw
re
745
ln
ln
7.3
0.5
rw
Partial Penetration
h1
hp
ht
ht
s
sd s p
hp
Partial Penetration
Apparent Skin Factor
h1D h1 ht
h pD h p ht
rw kv
rD
ht kh
sp
h1D
1
h pD 4
h1D
1
3h pD 4
h pD A 1
1
1 ln
ln
h pD
2rD h pD 2 h pD B 1
s sd s
h sec
Deviated Wellbore
Apparent Skin Factor
w'
tan
kv
tan w
kh
w'
hD
41
2.06
w'
56
1.865
h
rw
kh
kv
hD
log
100
Lf
rwa
Lf
L f 2rwa
Completion Skin
rw
s s p sd sdp
rp
kdp
rdp
kR
Lp
kd
rd
After McLeod, JPT (Jan. 1983) p. 32.
sdp
h
L p n
rdp k R k R
ln
k dp k d
r
p
s gp
Lg
k R hLg
2
2nk gp rp
Productivity Index
q
J
p p wf
Flow Efficiency
Jactual p p wf p s
Ef
Jideal
p p wf
Exercise 1
Damage and Stimulation
Calculations
Calculate
1. Pressure drop
2. Flow efficiency
3. Apparent wellbore radius
4. New skin factor
Wellbore Storage
Wellbore Storage
Instructional Objectives
Define wellbore unloading
Define afterflow
Calculate wellbore storage (WBS)
Coefficient for wellbore filled with A
single-phase fluid
Calculate WBS coefficient for rising
liquid level
Rate
Surface Rate
Bottomhole
Rate
Time
q qsf B
dpw
dt
24Vwb cwb
Rate
Surface Rate
Bottomhole
Rate
t=0
Time
q qsf B
dpw
dt
24Vwb cwb
Surface Rate
t=0
Bottomhole
Rate
Time
q qsf B 5.615 wb
dpw
dt
24
144
A
wb
g
c
Wellbore Storage
Fluid-filled
wellbore
q qsf B
dpw
dt
24Vwb cwb
Rising
liquid level
q qsf B 5.615 wb
dpw
144 A
dt
24
wb
General
q qsf B
dpw
dt
24C
g
c
q qsf B
C
dpw
24
dt
Fluid-filled
wellbore
Rising
liquid level
C Vwb cwb
144 Awb g c
C
5.615 wb g
Awb
25.65
wb
Exercise 2
Calculate WBS coefficient for a
wellbore filled with a single phase
liquid
Exercise 3
Calculate WBS coefficient for a rising
liquid level
Exercise 4
Calculate WBS coefficient for a
wellbore filled with a single phase gas