Adaptations of Salvia for insect

pollination by bees
Stamens form lever

Pistil overhanging
landing platform

Tubular shape,
contains nectar

Nectar guides

Landing platform
Bees attracted to blue and yellow flowers
Lorraine Kuun, July 2011

Adaptations of flowers for bird

pollination

High yield of dilute nectar

Bigger than most insect-pollinated flowers
Open in daytime, often red
Sturdy against rough feeding of birds
Little or no scent birds have poor sense of
smell
Protect ovary against beaks by being
inferior or by partition
Pollen sticks together in clumps
Often erect or with landing platform for
birds that do not hover
Lorraine Kuun, July 2011

Adaptations of Strelitzia for

pollination by birds
Stigma close to pollen

Stamens fused in
tube to fit beak

Bright colours
Nectaries
Sturdy landing platform
Lorraine Kuun, July 2011

Lorraine Kuun, July 2011

Lorraine Kuun, July 2011

Lorraine Kuun, July 2011

Adaptations for wind

pollination
Flowers do not have scent, nectar or brightly
coloured petals no need to attract
pollinators.
Flowers high on plant to be exposed to wind.
Flowers usually small and reduced, lacking
calyx or corolla (sepals and petals).
Anthers large and well-exposed.
Masses of light, non-sticky pollen produced.
Stigmas long and feathery with large area
for trapping pollen.
Lorraine Kuun, July 2011

Lorraine Kuun, July 2011

Lorraine Kuun, July 2011

The pollen grain germinates

Meiosis occurs in the
pollen grain.
The male gametes are
haploid.
When the ripe pollen
grain lands on a
receptive stigma, it
will germinate.
The pollen grain
germinates and form
a pollen tube.
Lorraine Kuun, July 2011

The germinated pollen grain is the

male gametophyte

Lorraine Kuun, July 2011

The female
pistil
The ovary contains
the ovule(s) with
female gametes
(n).
The pollen tube
grows down the
style, through the
micropyle and into
the embryo sac.
Double fertilisation
occurs.
Lorraine Kuun, July 2011

The female gametophyte:

germ sac with 8 nuclei

Lorraine Kuun, July 2011

Lorraine Kuun, July 2011